Addictive substances in the pregnancy (alcohol, tobacco) Abstract of the thesis Introduction: The pregnancy is very specific period in the life of woman, who wants to bring the new life. The real and ideal situation set family life without addictive substances, which are evrywhere in our time. But it's not in every life of everybody and alcohol and tobacco are available to everyone without respect of age or this other condition. The requirement of pregnant women are hard of time not only of paramedics but also of their family members. Claim: The aim of this work is to find out information and knowledges of women about un/using addictive substances in their pregnancy, their health literacy in their healthy and the health of their unborn baby by using addictive substances in their pregnancy. Methods: The datas in this problems were raised by form of structured questionaire composited from socialdemografic datas (age, education, parity, sosial status), from Fagerstrӧm test of nicotine addiction (FTND (Fagerstrӧm, 1991). Also there were CAGE test (Mayfield,1974). The research group was composed from pregnant women, who fulfilled criterions: pregnant women in the prenatal consclusing, where they are passed from their gynecologist to obstetric clinic,it means from 36th week of gravidity. Women were chosen by...

in English Title: Development of legal regulation of drug related crimes The thesis analyzes current criminal legislation in the area of drug-related crimes, compares it with previously effective legislation and outlines ambiguities in interpretation of selected legal terms. Increased attention is paid to legislative changes of the past five years which determine the current situation and future legislative development. The author predominantly focuses on problematic issues and challenged provisions related to the discussed topic which she then examines in detail. In order to provide the reader with a full picture of the topic, opinions of academic and professional authorities are presented. Furthermore, judicial practice of mainly Supreme Court is emphasized, as it plays a key role in interpretation of law. Alongside currently applicable court rulings, obsolete judicature is also quoted in order to help the reader understand the background of the legislation and especially its previous precipitous development. The thesis is divided in five chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader into the topic of addictive substances and defines relevant legal terminology. The second chapter deals with the current legislation in the area of narcotic and psychotropic substances in international, European...

BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION University: Charles University Faculty: 1. lékařská fakulta Clinic of Addictology School year: 2016/2017 Autor's first name and surname: Bc. Marie Hrušková Specialization: Addictology Supervisor: Mgr. Hana Fidesová, PhD. Pages: 102 The name of thesis: Traffic criminal offenses incurred while intoxikated addictive substances. Abstract Background: Until the investigations indicate that addictive substances in transport are serious social and security problem. Studies attribute the most efficient for drivers caught several times - repeatedly with a concentration of 1.5 g / kg and higher, unfortunately, but at higher concentrations higher probability of risk of addiction, which is due to natures rehabilitation programs, counterproductive, because mastering addiction is not the goal of the course (Ferguson et. all., 2001). Goals: The aim of this paper is to explore the issue of traffic offenses where the offender is in a state of excluding fitness to drive, which brought about the consumption of addictive substances and follow-up upon return of a driving license in the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2015. Research questions: a) What is the age of the offenders at the time of the offense proceedings in a state that excludes eligibility? b) What is the source of livelihood...

The master thesis is focused on the prevention of addictions in the education of pupils with social disadvantage. The theoretical part deals with the period of adolescence and describes its biological and psycho - social aspects. The attention is focused mainly on pupils with the need for support in education due to social disadvantage. The thesis defines this term, deals with individual manifestations of social disadvantage and supports these pupils. The following part is dedicated to the topic of addiction and risks of development of addiction in adolescents. Thetheoretical part also describes specific risks of substance and non-substance dependencies. The last chapter introduces the theme of prevention in school and preventive program. The practical part consists of there search were three elementary schools in Prague participated. The thesis describes them and analysis their preventive programs. The research was based on the methods of the questionaire, which was presented to pupils and interviews with prevention methodologies and pupils of the sixth grade. The research aimes on finding specific recommendations for the prevention of addictions in the education of pupils with social disadvantage. These recommendations include, for example, meetings with abstinent, demontration of the...

The Question of Self-induced Insanity The aim of this thesis is to cover the question of self-induced insanity in its complexity. The thesis is divided into eleven chapters, in which this part of criminal law is analysed. The topic of criminal liability of insane offenders (even those insane due to their own conduct) represents an interesting part of criminal law. One of the main reasons is the fact that the solution to the problem of criminal liability of insane offenders can lead to the breach of one of the main principles of criminal law - the principle of culpability - on one hand, or to the failure of one of the main functions of the criminal law - the protection of society and its interest and values against the most dangerous conduct prohibited by the law - on the other. The text is concerned mainly with the current legal arrangement of self-induced insanity in the Czech Republic. The legal arrangement in effect adopted the theoretical concept of a special criminal offense and a full criminal liability for the actio libera in causa construction. These provisions deal with situations, where the offender through the voluntary application of addictive substances caused his own insanity and in this state committed an act which would constitute a crime were it not for the absence of the...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos diferentes níveis de nucleotídeos sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com probióticos. Para o trabalho, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições dentro de cada tratamento. Foram utilizados 1050 frangos machos da linhagem Ross 308 totalizando trinta e cinco aves por boxe. As aves foram criadas até 42 dias de idade que receberam as rações experimentais a base de milho e farelo de soja contendo seis diferentes níveis de nucleotídeos (0; 100; 200; 300; 400 e 500 gramas por tonelada de ração). Os diferentes níveis de nucleotídeos foram utilizados na fase inicial (1 a 21 dias de idade) e crescimento (22 a 35 dias de idade). Durante a fase final (36 a 42 dias de idade) foi fornecido rações sem nucleotídeo para todos os tratamentos. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram que houve melhora linear no desempenho dos frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade, indicando que, quanto maior o nível de nucleotídeos na dieta de frangos de corte, maior foi o peso corporal das aves. A conversão alimentar também é melhorou linearmente no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade à medida que aumentou o nível de nucleotídeos na ração. O peso no período de 35 dias de idade, também teve um comportamento linear, semelhante ao período de 1 a 21 dias, indicando que, quanto maior o nível de nucleotídeos na dieta de frangos de corte, maior o desempenho das aves. Quanto aos níveis plasmáticos de ácido úrico, pôde-se observar efeito quadrático no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade, indicando o valor de 231,59 gramas de nucleotídeos por tonelada de ração, como o melhor, em níveis mínimos de ácido úrico, por outro lado, no período de 35 dias de idade, estima-se o nível de 208,99 g de nucleotídeos por tonelada de ração; como o melhor em níveis mínimos de ácido úrico no sangue. No período final (35 a 42 dias de idade) e período total (1 a 42 dias de idade) não foi possível o observar efeito dos contrastes testados em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. / The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of different nucleotides levels in the rations of broilers containing probiotics on response of the birds and its influence on the performance. Birds were allocated in a randomized experimental design with five replications of each treatment. It was used 1,050 chicks of a day of age, males, distributed in 30 experimental boxes with 35 birds each. The chickens were reared from 1 to 42 days of age and the diets contained corn and soybean meal with one of six different nucleotídes levels (0; 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 grams for ton of ration). The different nucleotides levels were used in the initial phase (1 to 21 days of age) and growth (22 to 35 days of age). During the final phase (36 to 42 days of age) it was supplied rations without nucleotides for all of the treatments. The experimental results demonstrated that there was improvement on broilers performance in the period from 1 to 21 days of age, demonstrating proportionality between nucleotides level in the diet of broilers and body weight of the birds. Feed conversion at 21 days of age was directly proportional to nucleotides level in the diet. Body weight at 35 days of age, also had a linear behavior, similar to the period from 1 to 21 days, indicating that, as higher the nucleotides level in the diet of broilers, higher the acting of the birds. Acid plasmatic uric levels, demonstrated quadratic effect at 21 days of age, indicating 231,59 grams of nucleotides for ton of ration, and at 35 days of age, it was considered the level of 208,99 g of nucleotides for ton of ration. In the final period (35 to 42 days of age) and total period (1 to 42 days of age) it was not demonstrated effect of the contrasts tested in none of the appraised parameters.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as características das relações adictivas, analisando casos em que a relação conjugal é vivida como se fosse um tipo de adicção. Proponho apresentar uma compreensão das adicções com base na perspectiva proposta por Donald Winnicott, para quem a adicção é um tipo de problema cuja gênese está relacionada com falhas que ocorreram na fase da transicionalidade; bem como, nos desenvolvimentos dessa perspectiva, feita por Joyce McDougall, que ampliou o ponto de vista indicado por Winnicott, e chamou a atenção para o fenômeno que denominou como sendo os relacionamentos adictivos. Nesta direção, procurei mostrar que os relacionamentos adictivos correspondem a modos de defesa contra três tipos de angústia, a saber: as angústias impensáveis, as que derivam de falhas na vivência dos fenômenos transicionais e, por fim, à deprivação num momento em que os indivíduos já têm uma certa organização psíquica que torna possível a distinção Eu- Nãoeu / The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of addictive relations through the analysis of cases showing the conjugal relationship experience as a sort of addiction. I will show an understanding of addictions based on Donald Winnicotts perspective who considered addiction as a problem whose origin is connected with failures occurred during the transitional phase as well as based on the unfolding of this perspective by Joyce McDougall who broadened Winnicotts point of view and draw our attention to the phenomenon she called addictive relations. Consequently, I try to show that addictive relations correspond to defense modes against three types of anxiety, namely: unthinkable anxieties, those resulting from failures in experiencing transitional phenomena and, at last, deprivation when individuals already have a certain psychic organization enabling the differentiation between Me and Not-me

O jogo patológico se caracteriza pela perda do controle de apostar em jogos de azar e pelo comportamento persistente apesar dos prejuízos causados. Uma das características centrais do comportamento de jogadores patológicos é a fissura de jogar para evitar estados emocionais desfavoráveis e sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão estão significativamente associados à intensidade da fissura em jogadores patológicos. Assim, é possível que o tratamento da depressão e da ansiedade esteja associado indiretamente à melhora do comportamento de jogar, através da redução da fissura. Sabemos que a saúde mental pode ser influenciada positivamente pela prática de atividade física. Diversos estudos sugerem que a prática de exercícios tem efeito positivo sobre o humor, se associa à redução da ansiedade e da depressão, possibilitando melhor controle do estresse. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi examinar o impacto de um programa de atividade física sobre a sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva e sobre a fissura por jogo em uma amostra de 33 jogadores patológicos em início de tratamento ambulatorial. Adicionalmente, analisamos a associação entre a fissura e níveis dos hormônios relacionados ao estresse. O tratamento consistiu em terapia cognitivocomportamental ou psicoterapia psicodinâmica em grupo e tratamento psiquiátrico das comorbidades associadas. O programa de atividade física variou de 4 a 8 semanas e consistiu em 8 sessões de 50 minutos cada de exercícios aeróbios de intensidade moderada (60-75% da freqüência cardíaca máxima). A fissura durante o exercício foi avaliada imediatamente antes e depois de cada sessão de atividade física. Também foi avaliada a fissura por jogo nas 24 horas anteriores e nos 7 dias anteriores. Os pacientes foram investigados no início e ao final do programa de atividade física quanto a comportamento de jogo, intensidade de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos e níveis plasmáticos dos hormônios adrenocorticotrófico (ACTH), cortisol e prolactina. Os resultados mostram que houve redução significativa da fissura por jogo após cada sessão de atividade física e ao final da intervenção. Houve melhora nos sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e do comportamento de jogo. A redução da fissura por jogo durante o exercício físico se relaciona com a redução da fissura e da ansiedade ao final do programa, mas não à sintomatologia depressiva. Ainda, se associa à variação da prolactina, mas não à variação de cortisol e ACTH / Pathological gambling is characterized by loss of control over gambling and this behavior persists despite losses caused by this activity. One of the central features of the behavior of pathological gamblers is craving for gambling in order to avoid adverse emotional states, and symptoms of anxiety and depression are significantly associated with the intensity of craving among pathological gamblers. Thus, it is possible that the treatment of depression and anxiety is indirectly associated with improvement of gambling behavior by reducing the craving. We know that mental health can be positively influenced by physical activity. Several studies suggest that exercise has a positive effect on mood, is associated with reduced anxiety and depression, enabling better control of stress. The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of a program of physical activity on depressive and anxiety symptoms and the craving for gambling in a sample of 33 pathological gamblers in early outpatient treatment. Additionally, we analyzed the association between craving and levels of hormones related to stress. The treatment consisted of cognitive-behavioral or psychodynamic therapy group and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities. The physical activity program included 8 sessions ranging from 4 to 8 weeks. The proposed activity consisted of 50 minute sessions, aiming at 60-75% of maximum heart rate. Craving during exercise was assessed immediately before and after each session. We also analyzed the gambling craving in the previous 24 hour and 7 day period. Patients were investigated at the beginning and at the end of the program of physical activity regarding gambling behavior, intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and prolactin. The results show a significant reduction in gambling craving following each session of physical activity and at the end of the program. There was improvement in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and gambling behavior. The reduction in craving after each session is associated with the reduction of craving and anxiety at the end of the program but not with depressive symptomatology. Still, craving reduction is associated with variation in prolactin levels, but not in cortisol and ACTH levels

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar comparativamente a eficácia de probiótico a base de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae e de ionóforo (Monensina sódica) na prevenção e tratamento da acidose láctica ruminal aguda em ovinos, por meio de uma série de variáveis ruminais e sistêmicas. Foram utilizados 30 ovinos adultos, mestiços da raça Santa Inês, providos de cânula ruminal, com cerca de 30 kg de peso corporal. Os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas e alimentados com dieta basal calculada em 2,7% do peso vivo e composta de 75% da matéria seca de feno de capim de coast-cross e de 25% de concentrado. Os ovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos com 10 animais cada, assim constituídos: Controle; Probiótico e Monensina. O grupo controle recebeu apenas a dieta basal, o grupo Probiótico teve a dieta basal suplementada com 5g/animal/dia do probiótico Yea-Sacc®, e o grupo Monensina recebeu 33 ppm de monensina sódica em relação a matéria seca da dieta basal. Os aditivos foram fornecidos diretamente através da cânula ruminal. Após 30 dias de experimento foi realizada indução experimental de acidose láctica ruminal através da administração de sacarose. Foi realizado exame clínico e coleta de amostras de sangue e conteúdo ruminal antes na indução (T0h) e após 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 e 48 horas da indução. O pH e a temperatura ruminal foram aferidos de forma contínua por 48 horas a partir da indução experimental por meio de sistema de aquisição de dados com eletrodo submersível. No tempo 12 horas o grupo Monensina apresentou pH médio de 5,2 e foi maior que o grupo Controle (pH 4,45). Nos tempos T18h e T24h os grupos Monensina e Probiótico apresentarem maior pH ruminal que o Controle e nos tempos T36h e T48h apenas o grupo probiótico. Os valores médios do Lactato-L ruminal do grupo controle no T24h foram superiores em 97,6% ao grupo Monensina e 123,0% ao grupo Probiótico, com menores valores observados no grupo Probiótico em relação ao controle nos tempos T24h, T36h e T48h. Quanto maior o lactato-L ruminal, menor o pH (R2 = 0,82), maior a osmolaridade ruminal (R2 = 0,53) e maior p Lactato-L plasmático (R2 = 0,77). O uso de probiótico proporcionou a partir da 18ª h de indução a ocorrência de um quadro de ALRA mais brando, por promover um menor acúmulo de ácido láctico no rúmen, com conseqüente diminuição do pH e da osmolaridade ruminais, e de acarretar um menor grau de desidratação e de acidose sistêmica. Essas constatações indicam que o probiótico pode ser utilizado com vantagens no tratamento de ovinos com ALRA. O uso de monensina aliviou pontualmente, na altura da 12ª hora da indução, a acidose ruminal por uma redução na velocidade de queda do pH ruminal, mas não impediu que esse quadro ocorresse e que evitasse o surgimento de complicações clínicas decorrentes da ALRA. / This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and ionophore (monensin) in preventing and treat acute rumen lactic acidosis in sheep through a series of ruminal and systemic variables. 30 adult Santa Ines, cannulated, crossbred sheep were used, weighting 45 kg BW. The animals were kept in metabolic cages and fed a basal diet calculated at 2.7% of live weight and composed of 75% of hay and 25% concentrate. The animals were randomly divided into three groups with 10 animals each, formed as follows: Control; Probiotic and Monensin. The control group received only the basal diet, the probiotic group had the basal diet supplemented with 5 g/animal/d of Yea-Sacc ®; Monensin group received 33 ppm of monensin in relation of the dry matter of the basal diet. The additives were supplied directly through the rumen cannula. After 30 days of the experiment an experimentally induced ruminal lactic acidosis was performed by the administration of sucrose. Clinical examination and sampling of blood and ruminal content we performed before the induction (T0h) and after 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hours. The ruminal pH and temperature were measured continuously for 48 hours after experimental induction throughout data acquisition system with indwelling probe. At T12h Monensin group had a mean pH of 5.2 and was higher than the Control group (pH 4.45). At T18h and T24h Monensin and Probiotic groups had higher ruminal pH than the control and at T36h and T48h only the probiotic group presented this difference. The mean values of ruminal L-lactate at T24h in the control group were 97.6% higher than Monensin group and 123.0% higher than Probiotic group, with lower values observed in the Probiotic group compared to control at times T24h, T36h and T48h. The higher ruminal L-lactate, the lower the pH (R2 = 0.82), higher ruminal osmolarity (R2 = 0.53) and higher the plasmatic L-lactate (R2 = 0.77). The use of probiotics promoted from the T18h a mild acute ruminal lactic acidosis due to a lower accumulation of lactic acid into the rumen, with a consequent smaller drop in pH and lower elevation of osmolarity, which lead to a lower degree of systemic acidosis and dehydration. These findings indicate that probiotics can be used with advantage in the treatment of sheep with ARLA. Monensin reduced the effects of ARLA just at T12h, but do not prevent that the animals developed the classic ARLA clinical picture.

This dissertation is occupied with the Internet Issues and the Internet addiction, which is currently a frequent topic in professional and popular journals. This work is primarily focused on the Internet addiction and the identification of risks for selected high school students. The author describes the phenomenon of the Internet and the Internet background and its impact on the identity of adolescents. Research investigation carried out by using an empirical investigation among students, points to the need to devote more Internet and Internet addiction, not only within specific primary prevention but also in itself education. Dissertation provides suggestions specific approaches in primary prevention and intervention in secondary schools. It can be used as an introduction to the Issue for teachers working in the role of the school prevention methodologist or in the role of the educational consultant. Keywords: addiction, addictive bahavior on the Internet, deviation, adolescence, prevention