In this thesis, we introduce EPOSIC channels, a class of SU(2) -covariant quantum channels. For each of them, we give a Stinespring representation, a Kraus representation, its Choi matrix, a complementary channel, and its dual map. We show that these channels are the extreme points of all SU(2) -irreducibly covariant channels. As an application of these channels to the theory of quantum information, we study the minimal output entropy of EPOSIC channels, and show that a large class of these channels is a potential example of violating the well-known problem, the additivity problem. We determine the cases where their minimal output entropy is not zero, and obtain some partial results on the fulfillment of their entanglement breaking property. We find a bound of the minimal output entropy of the tensor product of two SU(2) -irreducibly covariant channels. We also get an example of a positive map that is not completely positive.

The annotated papers that are submitted as part of this thesis consider the phenomenon of colour at the fundamental, technical, and application levels, and they were written and published by Oulton between 1990 and 2009. The papers disclose significant insights by the author into colorimetric modeling theory and report aspects of the author's work that have led to commercially successful practical applications. The academic significance of these papers is evident in their citation record; their practical value is shown by a number of successful industrial collaboration programmes, and through the award of national prizes for innovation by the Worshipful Company of Dyers, and the Society of Dyers and Colorists. The published research primarily concerns digital devices that either capture or reproduce coloured images. For example, the research problem of how to calibrate the colour on computer CRT screens, which was thought at the time to be intractable, was reported by Oulton in paper 1 to be solved at the two to three significant figure level of colorimetric accuracy. This world leading level of accuracy was subsequently confirmed using a comprehensive data set in paper 7, and has been exploited internationally in commercial computer aided design and colour communication systems by Textile Computer Systems Ltd and Datacolor Inc. Further research problems resolved by Oulton in the presented papers include how to predict the colorimetric sensitivity of dye recipes; how to design, test, and fine-tune the spectral response of digital cameras; and how the individual customers in a shop can be tracked automatically to reveal their buying behavior, using coloured CCTV images.The challenge to the standard CIE colorimetric model posed by the results of Dr W.A. Thornton was analyzed and satisfactorily explained by Oulton in papers 2, 3 and 4. It is also shown that Thornton's results do not in any way compromise either the practice of colorimetry based on the CIE Standard Observer, or the validity of its quantifying data sets. It is also additionally shown under the annotation of paper 4 presented here, that the success of the CIE colorimetric model has a clearly demonstrable theoretical basis.In all but one of the presented papers the convention is maintained that the standard CIE XYZ co-ordinate model should be used as the reference basis, when modeling the properties of colour and quantifying its uses. The final paper to be published (and presented here as paper 4) challenges this convention and demonstrates that a context free and formally defined alternative reference basis may be used in colorimetric modeling with significant advantage. It is also shown in paper 4 that under the specified axioms, any cross dependency that is potentially non linear can in principle be resolved into its component scalar and additive relationships, and that the causes of scalar non linearity may be characterized independently from the causes of linearly additive cross dependency. The result is a widely applicable analytical and experimental design method for resolving complex cross dependent relationships in general and in particular, for resolving those between the spectral visual stimuli and the psychophysical response to them.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka potentialen av TAKK (Tecken Som Alternativ och Kompletterande Kommunikation) i undervisningen av främmande språk i den svenska skolan. Genom en kvasiexperimentell utvärdering tillämpades TAKK under en lektion i spanska där 18 elever skulle lära sig 24 nya ord om mat. Eleverna gick i åk 6 och studerade nybörjarspanska. Orden lärdes ut på ett traditionellt sätt genom att säga och skriva dem men orden 1-12 ackompanjerades dessutom av ett TAKK tecken som eleverna uppmanades att härma. Eleverna förhördes skriftligt vid tre tillfällen på en period av två veckor; glosförhör 1 bestod av 24 ord utan bilder på tecknen, glosförhör 2 bestod av 24 ord och bilder på tecknen för orden 1-12. Glosförhör 3 bestod av endast 12 bilder på tecknen för ord 1-12. Orden skulle översättas till svenska förutom vid tredje tillfället där det skulle skrivas på spanska. I ljuset av Paivios (1971) Dual Coding Theory och The Additivity Hypothesis visade resultatet på glosförhören en positiv inverkan av gesterna/tecknen på inlärningen av orden. Alla elever fick ett högre antal rätt översatta ord vid glosförhör 2. Man kan försiktigt dra slutsatsen att tecknen från TAKK bidrog till en förbättrad memorering av orden då de lagrades i vårt multimodala minne där de lämnade två interrelaterade minnesspår.

Stand conditions influence the partitioning of biomass to stem, foliage, branch, and root components. Using data from 4 to 6-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown in a miniature-scale spacing trial, this study determined the effect of initial planting density on the biomass partitioning of loblolly pine. An analysis of covariance concluded that density did not have a significant effect on the relative amount of biomass in aboveground components.Some measures of partitioning tradeoffs (such as root: shoot ratio) showed a significant positive slope when regressed against trees per hectare. Systems of linear equations were developed based on tree measurements and age, and additivity was specified. By taking into account contemporaneous correlations among tree components, seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) methodologies led to efficient parameter estimates. When compared to studies with mature trees at operational scales, results from the miniature-scale trees showed similar trends. Stem and woody roots were 70 and 14% of total mass, respectively. Since these miniature-scale trees were physiologically young at time of harvest, allocation of mass to foliage continued to be a priority, occupying 10% of total mass. / Master of Science

<div> <div> <div> <p>Rapid melting of sea ice and an increased warming have been observed over the Arctic since 1990s and is expected to continue in future climate projections. Possible linkage between the Arctic sea ice and the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude circulation has been studied previously but is not yet fully understood. This dissertation investigates the influence of the Arctic on the mid-latitudes and the underlying dynamical mechanisms. Specifically, we hypothesize that the stratosphere and its coupling with the troposphere play an important role in amplifying and extending the mid-latitude circulation response to arctic warming. </p><p><br></p> <p>First, we assess the robustness of the stratospheric pathway in linking the sea ice variability, specifically over the Barents-Kara Sea (BKS), in late autumn and early winter to the mid-latitude circulation in the subsequent winter using an ensemble of global climate model simulations. We analyze two groups of models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) archive, one with a well-resolved stratosphere (high-top models) and the other with a poorly-resolved stratosphere (low-top models) to distinguish the role of the stratospheric pathway. It has been found that, collectively, high-top models are able to capture the persistent mid-latitude circulation response in the subsequent winter. The response in low-top models is, however, weaker and not as long-lasting most likely due to lack of stratospheric variability. Diagnosis of eddy heat flux reveals that stronger vertical wave propagation leads to a stronger response in stratospheric polar vortex in high- top models. The results robustly demonstrate that multi-model ensemble of CMIP5 high-top models are able to capture the prolonged impact of sea ice variability on the mid-latitude circulation and outperforms the low-top models in this regard.</p><p><br></p></div></div></div><div><div><div> <p>We further explore the dynamical linkage between the BKS sea ice loss and the Siberian cold anomalies using a comprehensive Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM), with a well-resolved stratosphere, with prescribed sea ice loss over BKS region. Decomposition of dynamic and thermodynamic components suggests a dynamically induced warm Arctic cold Siberia pattern in the winter following sea ice loss over the BKS in late autumn. Specifically, the results show that the meridional component of the horizontal temperature advection, from the Arctic into the Siberia, dominates in driving a cold temperature anomaly. Additionally, we conduct targeted experiments in order to quantitatively measure the role of the stratospheric pathway. We find that the stratosphere plays a critical role in the tropospheric circulation anomaly characterized by an intensified ridge-trough pattern that is attributable for the enhanced meridional temperature advection from the Arctic into the Siberia. </p><p><br></p> <p>Next, we extend our study to investigate the sensitivity to geographical location of Arctic sea ice loss and associated warming in modulating the atmospheric circulation. In particular, we assess the linear additivity of the regional Arctic sea ice loss and Arctic Amplification (AA), using a simplified dry dynamical core model. We find that the responses to regional AA over three key regions of the Arctic, i.e. Barents- Kara Sea, East Siberia-Chukchi sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, separately, show similar equatorward shift of the tropospheric jet but differences in the stratospheric polar vortex. In addition, responses to regional Arctic Amplification are not linearly additive and the residual resembles a positive Northern Annular Mode-like structure. Additional targeted experiments further diagnose the role of the stratosphere in the non-linearity. It is found that the stratosphere-troposphere coupling plays an important role in driving the non-linear circulation response to regional AA. </p><p><br></p> <p>The findings of our research leads to a systematic understanding of the role of the stratospheric pathway in modulating the mid-latitude circulation response to Arctic sea ice loss and accompanied surface warming. Our study suggests that the representation of the stratosphere in climate models plays an important role in correctly simulating the mid-latitude circulation response and could be accountable for the some of the discrepancies among recent studies. Additionally, the result indicates that studying the regional sea ice loss might not provide the full picture of pan-Arctic sea ice melting and caution the use of regional sea ice to explain the recent trend.</p></div></div></div>

Abstract This thesis presents computational studies of both the static and dynamic parameters of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of gaseous xenon. First, state-of-the-art static magnetic resonance parameters are computed in small xenon clusters by using methods of quantum chemistry, and second, time-dependent relaxation phenomena are investigated via molecular dynamics simulations at different experimental conditions. Based on the underlying quantum and classical mechanics concepts, computational methods represent a procedure complementary to experiments for investigating the properties of atoms, molecules, clusters and solids. Static NMR spectral parameters, chemical shift, shielding anisotropy and asymmetry parameter, nuclear quadrupole coupling, and spin-rotation coupling, are calculated using different electronic structure methods ranging from the uncorrelated Hartree-Fock method to correlated second-order Møller-Plesset many-body perturbation, complete/restricted active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field, and to coupled-cluster approaches. The bond length dependence of these properties is investigated in the xenon dimer (Xe2). A well-characterized property in experimental NMR, the second virial coefficient of nuclear shielding, is theoretically calculated by a variety of methods and convincingly verified against experimental findings. Here, it is mandatory to include effects from special relativity as well as electron correlation. As a side result, a purely theoretical potential energy curve for Xe2, comparable to best experimental ones, is calculated. A pairwise additive scheme is established to approximate the NMR properties in differently coordinated sites of xenon clusters Xen (n = 2 - 12). Especially the pairwise additive chemical shift values are found to be in close agreement with quantum-chemical results and only a small scaling factor close to unity is needed for the correct behavior. Finally, a dynamical magnetic resonance property, the experimental nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate R1 of monoatomic Xe gas due to the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) mechanism is validated from first principles. This approach is based on molecular dynamics simulations over a large range of temperatures and densities, combined with the pairwise additive approximation for the shielding tensor. Therein, the shielding time correlation function is seen to reflect the characteristic time scales related to both interatomic collisions and cluster formation. For the first time, the physics of gaseous xenon is detailed in full in the context of CSA relaxation.

No description available.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T15:24:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielgustavomesquitadasilva.pdf: 1286713 bytes, checksum: 02c113ea7352199324c4ee67f18311bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-29T12:06:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielgustavomesquitadasilva.pdf: 1286713 bytes, checksum: 02c113ea7352199324c4ee67f18311bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T12:06:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielgustavomesquitadasilva.pdf: 1286713 bytes, checksum: 02c113ea7352199324c4ee67f18311bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-06 / Neste trabalho foram obtidas Secções de Choque Totais Absolutas (SCTA) para moléculas de Etanol e Metanol utilizando um aparelho desenvolvido no Laboratório de Espectroscopia Atômica e Molecular do DF/UFJF, que emprega a técnica de transmissão linear. As medidas foram realizadas para o Metanol e Etanol cobrindo as energias de impacto de 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 e 500 eV e também de 60 eV para o Etanol. A resolução de energia em todas as medidas foi de 0,6 eV (FWHM) e a incerteza no cálculo das SCTs foi estimada em 5%. A faixa de pressão na célula de espalhamento foi mantida entre 1 a 4mTorr. Os elétrons que sofreram processos de colisões inelásticas podem ser descriminados daqueles que não sofreram nenhum processo de interação com o alvo por um analisador cilíndrico dispersivo 127º, que tem a finalidade de selecionar os elétrons que serão detectados pelo Coletor de Faraday. Medindo a intensidade do feixe de elétrons atenuados, a SCTA pode ser obtida aplicando a Lei de Lambert Beer. Os dados foram obtidos através de um procedimento estatístico envolvendo uma série de 4 a 7 sessões de medidas, os valores obtidos foram utilizados para encontrar a SCT para uma determinada energia definida. Além das medidas experimentais, nós determinamos SCT utilizando a Regra da Aditividade. Nós também avaliamos nossos dados experimentais usando uma fórmula de dois parâmetros (Curva de Born) para cada gás. Nossos dados experimentais concordam com a maioria dos dados publicados na literatura. Não existem dados reportados na literatura de SCT para a molécula do Etanol (C2H5OH). / We have measured the absolute Total Cross Section (TCS) for methanol and ethanol molecules using an apparatus manufactured at the Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory at DF/UFJF, which employ the linear transmission technique. The experimental data were taken at incident electron energies of 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 500 eV for methanol and ethanol and also of 60 eV for ethanol. The energy resolution in all measurements was 0,6 eV (FWHM) and the overall systematic uncertainty at the TCS were evaluated to be less than 5%. The pressure range in the scattering cell was chosen between 1 and 4mTorr. Those electrons which passed the exit orifice of the chamber were discriminated with a 127o cylindrical energy selector coupled with an entrance set of electrostatic lenses and detected by a Faraday cup. Measuring the attenuation of intensity of the projectile-particle beam transmitted through the target volume, the absolute TCS for a given impact energy was derived from the Beer-Lambert law. The measurements were carried out for a given energy in a series of alt least 4 runs, each one taking at least 7 values and an averaging procedure was applied to derive the final total cross section at a particular energy. Besides the experimental measurements, we have additionally determined TCS using the Additivity Rule. We have also evaluated our experimental data using a fitting procedure with the Born-like formula containing two parameters for each gas. Our experimental data are in good agreement with the majority of previous measurements published in the literature. There are no previous reports of experimental electron scattering Total Cross Section C2H5OH in the literature.

Companies are under constant pressure to adapt and improve their processes to staycompetitive. Since most of their processes are handled by software, it also needs toconstantly change. Those improvements and changes add up over time and increase thecomplexity of the system, which in turn prevents the company from further adaption.In order to change and improve existing business processes and their implementation withinsoftware, several stakeholders have to go through a long process. Current IT methodologies arenot suitable for such a dynamic environment. The analysis of this change process shows thatfour software characteristics are important to speed it up. They are: transparency, adaptability,testability and reparability. Transparency refers to the users capability to understand what thesystem is doing, where and why. Adaptability is a mainly technical characteristic that indicatesthe capability of the system to evolve or change. Testability allows automated testing andvalidation for correctness without requiring manual checks. The last characteristic is reparability,which describes the possibility to bring the system back into a consistent and correct state, evenif erroneous software was deployed.An architecture and software development patterns are evaluated to build an overall programmingmodel that provides the software characteristics. The overall architecture is basedon microservices, which facilitates decoupling and maintainability for the software as well asorganizations. Command Query Responsibility Segregation decouples read from write operationsand makes data changes explicit. With Event Sourcing, the system stores not only the currentstate, but all historic events. It provides a built-in audit trail and is able to reproduce differentscenarios for troubleshooting and testing.A demo process is defined and implemented within multiple prototypes. The design of theprototype is based on the programming model. It is built in Javascript and implements Microservices,CQRS and Event Sourcing. The prototypes show and validate how the programmingmodel provides the software characteristics. Software built with the programming model allowscompanies to iterate faster at scale. Since the programming model is suited for complex processes,the main limitation is that the validation is based on a demo process that is simpler and thebenefits are hard to quantify. / ör att fortsatt vara konkurrenskraftiga är företag under konstant press att anpassa ochförbättra sina processer. Eftersom de flesta processer hanteras av programvara, behöveräven de ständigt förändras. Övertiden leder dessa förbättringar och förändringar till ökadsystemkomplexitet, vilket i sin tur hindrar företaget från ytterligare anpassningar. För attförändra och förbättra befintliga affärsprocesser och dess programvara, måste idag typiskt fleraaktörer vara en del av en lång och tidskrävande process. Nuvarande metoder är inte lämpade fören sådan dynamisk miljö. Detta arbete har fokuserat på fyra programvaruegenskaper som ärviktiga för att underlätta förändringsprocesser. Dessa fyra egenskaper är: öppenhet, anpassningsförmåga,testbarhet och reparerbarhet. Öppenhet, hänvisar till förmågan att förstå varför, var ochvad systemet gör. Anpassningsbarhet är huvudsakligen en teknisk egenskap som fokuserar påsystemets förmåga att utvecklas och förändras. Testbarhet strävar efter automatisk testning ochvalidering av korrekthet som kräver ingen eller lite manuell kontroll. Den sista egenskapen ärreparerbarhet, som beskriver möjligheten att återhämta systemet till ett konsekvent och korrekttillstånd, även om felaktig programvara har använts. En programmeringsmodell som rustarprogramvara med de ovan beskrivna programegenskaperna är utvecklad i detta examensarbete.Programmeringsmodellens arkitektur är baserad på diverse micro-tjänster, vilka ger brafrånkopplings- och underhållsförmåga för en programvara, samt användarorganisationerna.Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) frånkopplar läsoperationer från skrivoperationeroch gör ändringar i data explicita. Med Event Sourcing lagrar systemet inte endastdet nuvarande tillståndet, utan alla historiska händelser. Modellen förser användarna medett inbyggt revisionsspår och kan reproducera olika scenarion för felsökning och testning. Endemoprocess är definierad och implementerad i tre olika prototyper. Designen av prototypernaär baserad på den föreslagna programmeringsmodellen. Vilken är byggd i Javascript och implementerarmicro-tjänster, CQRS och Event Sourcing. Prototyperna visar och validerar hurprogrammeringsmodellen ger programvaran rätt egenskaper. Programvara byggd med dennaprogrammeringsmodell tillåter företag att iterera snabbare. De huvudsakliga begränsningarna iarbetet är att valideringen är baserad på en enklare demoprocess och att dess fördelar är svåraatt kvantifiera.