Orientador: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Eva Ucy Miranda Sá Soto / Banca: Tânia Maria Alkimin / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem, como objetivo principal, a análise da inter-relação entre fatores de ordem linguística e social a partir de um corpus jornalístico: a Imprensa Negra paulista - movimento realizado por negros e destinado a essa população no período posterior à abolição da escravatura no Brasil. A formação dessa imprensa se deu pela necessidade de veicular as reivindicações por melhores condições de vida e as propostas de inserção na sociedade brasileira. Para cumprir o objetivo desse trabalho, de se estabelecer relações interdependentes entre usos linguísticos e fatores sociais, foram analisados três periódicos da Imprensa Negra: O Kosmos, O Alfinete e O Clarim d'Alvorada. Essa escolha se justifica por uma combinação de fatores, entre eles a disponibilidade desse material, o período e local de produção (primeiras décadas do século XX / cidade de São Paulo) e o propósito de cada um desses periódicos. Para atingir esse propósito, optou-se por analisar o sistema de formas de tratamento empregado nos jornais, por se acreditar que esse fenômeno linguístico representa um exemplo privilegiado da relação entre a escolha linguística e seu motivador social. A fim de se estabelecer os usos da população negra e os usos tipicamente empregados pelo jornalismo da época, fez-se necessário comparar os dados da Imprensa Negra, com um jornal de circulação mais ampla na cidade de São Paulo: O Combate. Uma vez que o jornal é um gênero textual constituído por textos de naturezas diversas, privilegiou-se a proposta teórico-metodológica de Bonini (2003, 2004, 2006), que prevê a análise do jornal como um hipergênero, com o intuito de se avaliar as características peculiares de cada um dos gêneros do jornal para, posteriormente, relacioná-las com o emprego das formas de tratamento. O fenômeno lingüístico, em análise no presente estudo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main objective of this research is the analysis of the interrelation between the linguistic and the social factors from a journalistic corpus: the São Paulo "Imprensa Negra" - a movement carried through by blacks and destined to this population in the period after the slavery abolition in Brazil. The formation of this press occurred because of the need of propagating the claims for better living conditions and the proposals of insertion in the Brazilian society. To fulfill the objective of this work, we analyzed three "Imprensa Negra" newspapers: O Kosmos, O Alfinete e O Clarim d'Alvorada. This choice is justified by a combination of factors, including the material availability, the production period and place (the beggining of the 20th century / São Paulo city) and the specificity of these newspapers. To achieve this purpose, we chose to analyze the addressing system used in the newspaper, because we belive that this linguistic phenomenon is a privileged example of the relationship between the language choice and its social motivation. In order to establish the black population uses and the uses typically employed by the journalism of the time, it was necessary to compare the "Imprensa Negra" to the widest circulation newspaper in the São Paulo city: O Combate. Since the newspaper is a genre consisting by texts of different natures, we emphasize the theoretical proposal of Bonini (2003, 2004, 2006), which provides the newspaper analysis as a hypergenre, in order to evaluate the peculiar characteristics of each newspaper genre for relating them to the employment of the addressing forms. We analyzed the linguistic phenomenon of this study from the relationship of some theoretical points of view: the Soto (2001) proposal of the speaker's situation analysis, the inquiry of the interactivity marks proposed by Andrade (2008) and the semantics... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Improvement of wireless technologies is a natural consequence of the progress in the field of science and technology. Usage of wireless networks based on the ZigBee technology, which are capable of indepent operation in present form, providing detailed information about physical environment and process management, brings many advantages. On the other hand, there is a serious issue about commissioning. This Master's Thesis deals with introduction of ZigBee technology and its usage, describes issue about device commissioning and types of commissioning. The main part of the Thesis is my own proposal for solving this problem, proposing algorithm using the Bitcloud stack for Coordinator, End Device and Router and its demonstration at the application. Along with analysing the application there are described possible solutions for creating a new network, adding a new node into the existing network and changing a node. The result is a graphical application and firmware for each device. The result of succesfully associated devices in network is supported by the measurement.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging the Internet and other networks with wireless technologies to make physical objects interact online. The IoT has developed to become a promising technology and receives significant research attention in recent years because of the development of wireless communications and micro-electronics.  Like other immature technological inventions, although IoT will promise their users a better life in the near future, it is a security risk, especially today the privacy is increasingly concerned by people. The key technologies of IoT are not yet mature. Therefore the researches and applications of the IoT are in the early stage. In order to make the IoT pervade people’s everyday life, the security of the IoT must be strengthened. In this thesis, first, the IoT is compared with the Internet. Though the IoT is based on the Internet, due to the characteristics of the IoT, those mature end-to-end security protocols and protective measures in the Internet can not directly provide the end-to-end data security through the perceptual layer, the transport layer the and application layer. For the IoT security addressing issues (such as the Internet DNS attack), this thesis proposes the IoT addressing security model. The traditional access control and the identity authentication only works in the same layer. The IoT addressing security model designed in this thesis effectively solves the issues of vertically passing the authentication results in the addressing process without changing the protocols for two communication parties. Besides, this thesis provides the object access control and privacy protection from the object application layer addressing, DNS addressing and IP addressing phases. Finally, combining the IoT object addressing security model with practical application scenario, this thesis designs the IoT object security access model. In this model, the access requester can access objects in different domains through a single sign-on. This model provides the protection for the end-to-end communication between the access requester and object.

Today's Internet usage is changing from host-to-host communication to user-to-content interaction which proves a challenge for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Repeated requests lead to transfers of large amounts of traffic containing the same content often over costly inter-ISP connections. Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) contribute to solving this issue, but do not directly address the problem. This thesis project explores how content based addressing could minimize inter-ISP traffic due to repeated requests for content by caching content within the ISP's network. We implemented CCNx 0.6.0 in a network testbed in order to simulate scenarios with multiple ISPs interconnected to each other. This testbed is used to illustrate how caching of popular content minimizes inter-ISP traffic as well as how content independence minimizes the effect of other network problems such as link failures and congestion. These tests shows that the large overhead of the CCNx implementation due to the additional headers brings a 16% performance reduction compared to Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) transfers. However, these tests also shows that the cost from the inter-ISP traffic of CCNx transfers are constant regardless of the number of repeated requests, due to content caching in the ISP's network. As soon as there is more than one request for the same content there is a gain in using CCNx rather than HTTP for content transfer. / Dagens användning av internet ändrar form från dator-till-dator kommunikation till användaretill- innehålls interaktion vilket innebär nya utmaningar för internetleverantörer vilka måste överföra stora mängder upprepade förfrågningar av innehåll via kostsamma länkar mellan internetleverantörer. Lösningar som innehållsdistribuerande nätverk (Content Distribution Network) hjälper idag till men addresserar inte kärnan av problemet. Det här examensarbetet undersöker hur innehållsbaserad addressering kan minimera mängden trafik mellan internetleverantörer genom att cachning, att lagra kopior av innehåll, i internetleverantörers nätverket. I det här examensarbetet implementerade vi CCNx 0.6.0 i en testbädd för att simulera scenarion med nätverk mellan internetleverantörer. Denna testbädd används för att illustrera hur cachning av populärt innehåll kan minimera trafik mellan internetleverantörer samt hur innehållets oberoende av plats även hjälper till med andra problem i nätverket såsom länkfel och stockning. Dessa test visar att CCNx implementationen har stor overhead information på grund av ytterligare, extra headers vilket medför en 16% reducering i prestanda jämfört med överföringar som använder Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Vidare visar dessa tester även att kostnaden från trafik mellan internetleverantörer är konstant oberoende av antalet upprepade förfrågningar, på grund av cachning av innehåll i internetleverantörens nätverk. Så snart det finns fler än en begäran för samma innehåll finns det en vinst i att använda CCNx istället för HTTP för överföringar av innehåll.

The Internet of Things (IoT) impacts nearly all aspects surrounding our daily life, including housing, transportation, healthcare, and manufacturing. IoT devices communicate through a variety of communication protocols, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Zigbee, Z-Wave, and LoRa. These protocols serve essential purposes in both commercial industrial and personal domains, encompassing wearables and intelligent buildings. The organic and decentralized development of IoT protocols under the auspices of different organizations has resulted in a fragmented and heterogeneous IoT ecosystem. In many cases, IoT devices do not have an IP address. Furthermore, some protocols, such as LoRa and Z-Wave, are proprietary in nature and incompatible with standard protocols. This heterogeneity and fragmentation of the IoT introduce challenges in assessing the security posture of IoT devices. To address this problem, this thesis proposes a novel methodology that transcends specific protocols and supports network and security monitoring of IoT devices at scale. This methodology leverages the capabilities of software-defined radio (SDR) technology to implement IoT protocols in software. We first investigate the problem of IoT network reconnaissance, that is the discovery and characterization of all the IoT devices in one’s organization. We focus on four popular protocols, namely Zigbee, BLE, Z-Wave, and LoRa. We introduce and analyze new algorithms to improve the performance and speed-up the discovery of IoT devices. These algorithms leverage the ability of SDRs to transmit and receive signals across multiple channels in parallel. We implement these algorithms in the form of an SDR tool, called IoT-Scan, the first universal IoT scanner middleware. We thoroughly evaluate the delay and energy performance of IoT-Scan. Notably, using multi-channel scanning, we demonstrate a reduction of 70% in the discovery times of Bluetooth and Zigbee devices in the 2.4GHz band and of LoRa and Z-Wave devices in the 900MHz band, versus single-channel scanning. Second, we investigate a new type of denial-of-service attacks on IoT cards, called Truncate-after-Preamble (TaP) attacks. We employ SDRs to assess the security posture of off-the-shelf Zigbee and Wi-Fi cards to TaP attacks. We show that all the Zigbee devices are vulnerable to TaP attacks, while the Wi-Fi devices are vulnerable to the attack to a varying degree. Remarkably, TaP attacks demand energy consumption five orders of magnitude lower than what is required by a continuous jamming mechanism. We propose several countermeasures to mitigate the attacks. Third, we devise an innovative approach for the purpose of identifying and creating unique profiles for IoT devices. This approach leverages SDRs to create malformed packets at the physical layer (e.g., truncated or overlapping packets). Experiments demonstrate the ability of this approach to perform fine-grained timing experiments (at the microsecond level), craft multi-packet transmissions/collisions, and derive device-specific reception curves. In summary, the results of this thesis validate the feasibility of our proposed SDR-based methodology in addressing fundamental security challenges caused by the heterogeneity of the IoT. This methodology is future-proof and can accommodate new protocols and protocol upgrades.

No description available.

Ce travail a porté sur une nouvelle protéine impliquée dans l’apoptose, la mitogaligine, et plus particulièrement sur le fragment interne [31-53] responsable de son adressage à la mitochondrie. L’objectif général du projet est de comprendre au niveau atomique son mécanisme d’action sur les membranes mitochondriales. Le fragment d’adressage est à lui seul cytotoxique. C’est pourquoi j’ai concentré l’essentiel de mon travail de thèse sur son étude. Nous avons défini sa toxicité sur des cellules humaines et montré qu’il perturbait l’intégrité membranaire, excluant certaines protéines de la mitochondrie. Ce phénomène concorde avec le relargage de cytochrome c, à l’origine du déclenchement de l’apoptose par la voie mitochondriale. Pour mieux comprendre le mode d’action du fragment d’adressage et le rôle joué par la cardiolipine, lipide caractéristique des membranes mitochondriales, j’ai étudié par différentes techniques biophysiques complémentaires l’effet du milieu membranaire sur la structuration du peptide et l’effet du peptide sur la membrane. Le peptide a une très forte affinité (13nM) pour des membranes contenant de la cardiolipine. Il se place à plat sur la membrane, s’enfouissant dans l’interface, sans induire d’organisation particulière des lipides. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence que le peptide était capable d’induire une courbure positive de la membrane, ce qui va interférer avec de nombreux processus vitaux pour la cellule. Enfin, pour réaliser les études structurales et fonctionnelles de la protéine entière, j’ai participé aux premières étapes de production de mitogaligine, qui s’est avéré très délicate aussi bien par voie d’expression que par synthèse chimique. / This work is about a new protein of apoptosis, mitogaligin, and more particularly about the internal fragment [31-53] responsible for its mitochondrial targeting. General aim of the project is to understand at the atomic scale its mechanism of action on mitochondrial membranes. The addressing fragment is cytotoxic by itself. That is the reason why I focused the main part of my work on this peptide. We defined its toxicity on human cells and showed that it was capable of disrupting the membrane integrity, excluding some proteins from mitochondrion. This phenomenon agrees with the release of cytochrom c, which induces apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway. In order to better understand the mode of action of the addressing fragment and the role played by Cardiolipin, a specific lipid of mitochondrial membranes, I studied by various and complementary biophysics techniques the effect of membrane environments on the peptide structuration and the effect of the peptide on the membrane. The peptide has a very high affinity (13nM) for cardiolipin-containing membranes. It takes place parallel to the membrane, standing at the interface, without leading to a particular lipids organization. Furthermore, we highlighted that the peptide was capable of inducing a positive curvature of the membrane, what is going to interfere with numerous vital processes for the cell. Finally, to realize the structural and functional studies of the whole protein, I was involved in the first stages of mitogaligin’s production, which has proved to be very tricky either by recombinant pathway or by chemical synthesis.

La ville africaine est marquée par un dualisme du modèle urbain. A côté de la ville moderne, administrée, équipée, " légale ", se développent les quartiers " illégaux ", sans équipements ni services urbains de base. La Côte d'Ivoire n'échappe pas à cette situation. Au lendemain des indépendances, elle entreprend la plus vaste opération de géographie volontaire en vue de réduire les injustices spatiales et les inégalités entre régions du Sud forestier ; « l'opération San-Pedro ». Objectif: mettre en valeur une région jusqu'alors totalement enclavée et en marge du « miracle économique ivoirien » ; le Sud-ouest du pays avec comme point d'ancrage, la création d'un port en eau profonde et d'une ville nouvelle. Malgré un projet d'urbanisme largement concerté, San-Pedro abrite aujourd'hui l'un des plus grands quartiers précaires de l'Afrique de l'ouest, favorisant ainsi une fragmentation de plus en plus accentuée de la ville. On observe aujourd'hui dans la ville, moins de 10% des occupations immobilières ayant faits l'objet d'un enregistrement cadastral et d'un droit foncier réel inattaquable. Ce faible pourcentage illustre l'échec du système de l'immatriculation foncière, seule voie légale de sécurisation foncière et immobilière. Cela pose la question fondamentale d'autres voies alternatives à la sécurisation foncière et immobilière. D'où le nécessaire développement des systèmes d'adressage qui, à l'absence de cadastre général, permet de localiser les parcelles à partir de l'espace public afin d'améliorer la connaissance du patrimoine immobilier c'est-à-dire assurer une identification publique des biens et des droits existants facilitant ainsi leur sécurisation et leur reconnaissance juridique ultérieure. A cet effet, de nombreux pays africains ont lancé ces dernières années, des opérations d'adressage visant à servir d'alternative au cadastre fiscal et aux projets difficiles et lents de « régularisation foncière » en promouvant des formes simplifiées et principalement littérales d'identification des parcelles.Cette thèse vise donc à établir à San-Pedro, l'intérêt de l'utilisation d'un système d'adressage dans les politiques de sécurisation foncière et immobilière. Elle cherche à comprendre les relations entre l'adressage et le "droit à la ville", c'est-à-dire le droit d'accès aux ressources urbaines notamment d'accès à la propriété et à la sécurité du logement. Pour appréhender ces relations, il s'avère nécessaire d'entreprendre l'analyse sous l'angle de la justice spatiale tout en soulignant l'importance de l'adressage comme outil de reconnaissance des droits fonciers locaux et surtout d'intégration sociale et économique des populations.Cette approche ouvre de nouvelles perspectives méthodologiques à exploiter dans la réforme des systèmes fonciers et cadastraux des pays africains. / The African city is marked by a dualism of urban model. Alongside the modern city, administered equipped "legal" grow "illegal" areas, no equipment or basic urban services. Côte d'Ivoire is no exception to this. After independence, she undertook the largest operation of voluntary geography to reduce spatial injustices and inequalities between regions of southern forest; "Operation San Pedro." Objective: To develop a region until completely enclosed and outside the "Ivorian economic miracle", the South-west of the country with as an anchor, creating a deep water port and a new city . Despite a largely collaborative project planning, San Pedro now houses one of the largest shantytowns of West Africa, thereby promoting fragmentation increasingly accentuated the city. We observe today in the city, less than 10% of real estate occupations having made the subject of a land registration and real property of an indefeasible right. This low percentage shows the failure of the system of land registration, the only legal way of land and property security. This raises the fundamental question of alternative ways to land and property security. Where necessary the development of addressing systems, the lack of general survey, used to locate plots from public space to improve the knowledge of the real estate that is to say, ensure public identification of property and existing rights and facilitating their security and their subsequent legal recognition. To this end, many African countries have launched in recent years, addressing operations to serve as an alternative to fiscal cadastre and slow and difficult projects "land regularization" promoting simplified forms and mostly literal identification plots.Therefore this thesis aims to establish in San Pedro, the interest of the use of an addressing system in the policies of land and property security. It seeks to understand the relationship between the address and the "right to the city", that is to say, the right of access to urban resources including homeownership and housing security. To understand these relationships, it is necessary to undertake an analysis in terms of spatial justice while emphasizing the importance of addressing as a tool for recognition of local land rights, especially social and economic integration populations.This approach opens new methodological perspectives to operate in the reform of land tenure and cadastral African

<p>The pearl oyster <em>Pinctada martensii </em>or <em>Pinctada fucata </em>is the oyster for produce the South China Sea Pearl, and the production of pearl oyster <em>Pinctada martensii</em> plays a key role for the economic and social welfare of the coastal areas. To guarantee both rich and sustainability of providing pearl oyster productions, addressing the suitable areas for aquaculture is a very important consideration in any aquaculture activities. Relatively rarely, in the case of site selection research, the researchers use GIS analysis to identify suitable sites in fishery industry in China. Therefore, I decided to help the local government to search suitable sites form the view of GIS context. This study was conducted to find the optimal sites for suspended culture of pearl oyster <em>Pinctada martensii </em>using GIS-based multi-criteria analysis. The original idea came from the research of Radiarta and his colleagues in 2008 in Japan. Most of the parameters in the GIS model were extracted from remote sensing data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Landsat 7). Eleven thematic layers were arranged into three sub-models, namely: biophysical model, social-economic model and constraint model. The biophysical model includes sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-α concentration, suspended sediment concentration and bathymetry. The criteria in the social-economic model are distance to cities and towns and distance to piers. The constraint model was used to exclude the places from the research area where the natural conditions cannot be fulfilled for the development of pearl oyster aquaculture; it contains river mouth, tourism area, harbor, salt fields / shrimp ponds, and non-related water area. Finally those GIS sub-models were used to address the optimal sites for pearl oyster <em>Pinctada martensii</em> culture by using weighted linear combination evaluation. In the final result, suitability levels were arranged from 1 (least suitable) to 8 (most suitable), and about 2.4% of the total potential area had the higher levels (level 6 and 7). These areas were considered to be the places that have the most suitable conditions for pearl oyster <em>Pinctada martensii </em>for costal water of Yingpan.</p>

The pearl oyster Pinctada martensii or Pinctada fucata is the oyster for produce the South China Sea Pearl, and the production of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii plays a key role for the economic and social welfare of the coastal areas. To guarantee both rich and sustainability of providing pearl oyster productions, addressing the suitable areas for aquaculture is a very important consideration in any aquaculture activities. Relatively rarely, in the case of site selection research, the researchers use GIS analysis to identify suitable sites in fishery industry in China. Therefore, I decided to help the local government to search suitable sites form the view of GIS context. This study was conducted to find the optimal sites for suspended culture of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii using GIS-based multi-criteria analysis. The original idea came from the research of Radiarta and his colleagues in 2008 in Japan. Most of the parameters in the GIS model were extracted from remote sensing data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Landsat 7). Eleven thematic layers were arranged into three sub-models, namely: biophysical model, social-economic model and constraint model. The biophysical model includes sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-α concentration, suspended sediment concentration and bathymetry. The criteria in the social-economic model are distance to cities and towns and distance to piers. The constraint model was used to exclude the places from the research area where the natural conditions cannot be fulfilled for the development of pearl oyster aquaculture; it contains river mouth, tourism area, harbor, salt fields / shrimp ponds, and non-related water area. Finally those GIS sub-models were used to address the optimal sites for pearl oyster Pinctada martensii culture by using weighted linear combination evaluation. In the final result, suitability levels were arranged from 1 (least suitable) to 8 (most suitable), and about 2.4% of the total potential area had the higher levels (level 6 and 7). These areas were considered to be the places that have the most suitable conditions for pearl oyster Pinctada martensii for costal water of Yingpan.