The city of Stockholm has a goal of reducing traffic work within the municipality by the year 2030. To achieve this, a change in the travel pattern will be required for Stockholm County in its entirety. The population has increased in all municipalities in Stockholm County and that increase is expected to continue. In recent years, traffic work has decreased per capita but increased overall. This indicates that countermeasures are required to reduce the amount of traffic work. This study aims to investigate whether a reduction in the capacity of the Central Bridge can lead to a reduction in traffic.According to studies globally, a reduction in capacity leads to reduced traffic work rather than the system breaking down. Important lessons in avoiding system breakdown are that the road network is robust and that there are alternative means of transport. In this study, the Swedish Transport Administration's base forecast for the year 2040 has been used together with a compilation of similar projects globally and lessons learned from them. According to the base forecast, the traffic work is estimated to increase until 2040. If the Central Bridge has a reduced capacity, it leads to a one percentage point reduction in traffic work in the municipality of Stockholm per reduced lane. This further leads to better air quality in the inner city as traffic work moves out into the rest of the municipality and county.The study has used Sampers, the demand model that handles the Swedish Transport Administration's basic forecasts, to analyse various aspects of the transport system. Despite its usefulness, the model has some limitations such as the separation of the public transport road network and the car road network, where congestion is only considered for car traffic. This shortcoming means that the effects of a change in congestion do not affect public transport journey times. The model is good at identifying the impact of a change in the road network on vehicle traffic but has more difficulty in identifying transfers between transport modes. Nevertheless, the model gives some indication of a shift to more sustainable modes of transport such as public transport, walking and cycling. It also gives an indication of more local car travel as transport costs increase for trips to and from Stockholm city centre for motorists. Over both the Customs section and the Saltsjö-Mälar section, the share of public transport increases.

Cette thèse prend pour objet l’institutionnalisation paradoxale d’une fonction d’inspection de la culture. Alors que le contrôle de l’État sur la culture représente un tabou, cette administration a considérablement renforcé et rendu visibles ses capacités d’inspection entre 1959 (création du ministère) et nos jours. Les conditions de possibilité d’un tel retournement constituent donc une énigme historique. Notre argumentation éprouve l’idée selon laquelle le contrôle de l’État sur les politiques culturelles n’a pu s’afficher et être assumé comme tel, depuis les années 2000, qu’à la condition d’être présenté comme une modalité de surveillance dépolitisée. À travers le cas de l’administration de la culture, et plus particulièrement des usages politiques de ses inspections, nous questionnons donc plus largement la dépolitisation de la décision politique. L’enquête commencée en 2013 mobilise une méthodologie mixte, qui associe étroitement méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, au service d’une perspective diachronique embrassant la période 1950-2017. / This dissertation addresses the paradoxical institutionalization of inspectorates in the French ministry of Culture. While state control over culture is taboo, this administration has significantly strengthened and made visible its inspection capabilities between 1959 (creation of the ministry) and 2017. The conditions of possibility of such a reversal constitute a historical and sociological puzzle, that our dissertation seeks to explain. Our argument is based on the idea that state control over cultural policies managed to appear and be explicitely undertaken as such since the 2000s, provided that it is presented as a depoliticized surveillance modality. Through the case of the administration of culture, and more particularly the political uses of its inspections, we question more broadly the depoliticization of the political decision. The survey started in 2013 relies on a mixed methodology, which closely associates qualitative and quantitative methods, at the service of a diachronic perspective covering the period 1950-2017.

The thesis called "The Development of Territorial Structure of Public Administration in the Czech Republic" deals with analysis of the actual territorial structure of municipal governance using identified criteria. It is refered here to the most serious flaws within the organization of individual territorial units. The main aim of this thesis is to find consensus between different views on reform of territorial administration including introduction of measures that might help to solve the flaws of the mentioned actual state of the territorial structure. In this thesis there is original approach especially to the cathegory of municipality with authorized municipal office which by both the Ministry of the Interior, as well as most of the cited experts suggest to abolish completely. For the more detailed description of the issue the thesis gives an overview of the development of individual territorial units since 1848.

Questo studio indaga il fenomeno dell'amministrazione di risultato. Si tratta di una figura teoricamente nuova; essa, infatti, pur essendo già presente in importanti studi del passato, ha incominciato ad affermarsi come modello autonomo soltanto a partire nell'ultimo decennio. Molti autori che si sono occupati recentemente del tema, infatti, hanno avuto la pretesa di fondare sull'amministrazione di risultato, un presunto sistema generale di diritto amministrativo. Sennonché, dopo aver contestato le numerose tesi erronee, si cerca di dimostrare in questo lavoro, come tutte le figure genericamente ricondotte all'amministrazione di risultato, possono distinguersi a seconda che si riferiscano all'attività complessiva o, viceversa puntuale della p.a. / This work is concerned with the phenomenon of performance-oriented administration. This is theoretically a new subject: in fact, although it has been already studied in the past, the perspective of performance-oriented administration has gained its own space only in the last decade. Many scholars who have recently approached the subject want to build on performance-oriented administration a general system of administrative law. The goal of this work is to demonstrate how all the institutes usually traced back to performance-oriented administration can be distinguished according to they refer to the public administration's activity as a whole or to a single act in particular.