Hösten 2011 fälldes den flera hundra år gamla skyddsvärdesklassade ek, kallad TV-eken, som stod på Oxenstiernsgatan på Östermalm i Stockholm. I samband med fällningsbeslutet – ett på papperet tekniskt beslut om att fälla ett riskträd, men som av protesterande människor tolkades som ett helt annat beslut – uppstod en konflikt mellan ansvariga beslutsfattare och personer som ville bevara eken. Syftet med denna studie är att förstå vilka händelser och processer som ledde fram till den konflikt som uppstod i samband med beslutet om fällningen av TV-eken. Intervjuer med ansvarig tjänsteman på Stockholms stads trafikkontor och tre ekaktivister har genomförts och kompletterats med en mindre granskning av relevanta dokument. På grund av parternas bakgrund och förutfattade bild av varandra kom konflikten att handla om fler frågor än sakfrågan (TV-ekens fällning). De nya studier som gjordes av ekens tillstånd förvärrade konflikten då ingen av undersökningarna ansågs legitima av båda parter. Båda parter har uttryckt stor misstänksamhet gentemot den andra parten och många handlingar har tolkats som strategiska. Bristfällig kommunikation mellan parterna är den övergripande förklaringen till att konflikten uppstod och växte. / In the autumn of 2011 a veteran oak of protective value, ”TV-eken”, located on Oxenstiernsgatan in the city district Östermalm in Stockholm, was felled. The decision to fell the tree – officially a technical decision to fell a high-risk tree, whereas protesting people interpeted the decision completely different – caused a conflict between responsible decision-takers and people fighting to preserve the tree. The aim of this study is to understand what events and processes lead up to the conflict arising from the decision to fell the ”TV-eken” tree. Responsible decision-taking public official at the traffic administration in the city of Stockholm has been interviewed as well as three oak activists. The interviews have been complemented by reviews of some relevant documents. Due to the background of the conflicting parties and the parties' preconceived view of the opposite party, the conflict developed to be all about more questions than the factual question (i.e. the felling of the oak). New studies that were performed in order to examine the state of the oak exacerbated the conflict as none of the studies were considered legitimate by both parties. Both parties have expressed substantial suspiciousness towards the other party and many actings have been interpreted as strategical. Inadequate communication between the parties is the general explanation to the origin and increase of the conflict.

Coordinated decisions in public administration Abstract This dissertation thesis "Coordinated decisions in public administration" deals with a specific category of coordinated administrative acts as a result of the manifestation of will of more deciding authorities in public administration. A concept of coordinated decisions with subsumed binding opinions is one of the possible solutions to the issue of complex decision- making processes in the Czech legal order and extending over the competence of several administrative authorities. The aim of the dissertation is to answer the question whether the legislative solution of coordination of individual decision-making activities in the form of binding opinions, at the general procedural level in Czech administrative law adopted in the act no. 500/2004 Coll., general administrative code with effect from 1st January 2006, a sustainable and eligible concept that stands as a basis for coordinating administrative decisions now and in the future. The thesis first introduces the concept of subsumption in a broader context and from a historical perspective (1st part), the basis of the thesis is the analysis of definitive features of binding opinions in recent legislation (2nd part), all the features are subjected to detailed analysis, the principles and mechanisms of...

The problem with which this investigation was concerned was the development and implementation of a school-community informational system useful to administrators in planning and decision-making. From the data gathered it can be seen that: (1) Parent, teacher, and student groups were not unified in their perceptions and attitudes toward themselves, each other, and the school. (2) Teachers and the administration must share the responsibility for the learning program. (3) The administrative staff must promote faculty unity, teamwork, and teacher-administrative relationships. (4) The Administrative Team agreed that the data indicated the necessity of the principal, teachers, parents, and students participating in improving the school program. Ultimately the study concluded that: (1) the Campus Level Information System assists administrators in securing information to identify areas needing improvement, and (2) the Campus Level Information System assisted the Administrative Team in identifying and defining their role. This system promises to be useful in the assessment of student, parent, and teacher attitudes and perceptions.

Ocasionalmente, decisores se deparam com situações que demandarão a tomada de decisões estratégicas. Trata-se, com freqüência, de decisões que não foram vivenciadas anteriormente - seja no âmbito do organizacional, seja no âmbito pessoal dos decisores envolvidos - e, por isso, essas experiências anteriores podem ser de pouco valor ou podem ser transpostas apenas parcialmente ao novo contexto decisório. Nessas situações, surge um problema real a ser enfrentado pelos decisores e pouco explorado empiricamente pelos estudiosos dos processos decisórios: o problema de decidir como tomar uma decisão estratégica ou, como também conhecido no meio acadêmico, como tomar as metadecisões de um processo decisório. Para tratar desse problema, pesquisou-se a escassa literatura existente e, considerando estudos selecionados sobre processos decisórios, desenvolveu-se um modelo teórico representando os fatores que podem afetar dois tipos de metadecisões: a de processo e a de conteúdo. Em seguida, no contexto de uma organização pública e, no âmbito do desenvolvimento e produção de dois produtos para fins de diagnóstico e terapia, uma investigação foi conduzida envolvendo, no total, sete processos decisórios. Essa investigação objetivou testar o modelo teórico desenvolvido, verificar a existência de alguma associação lógica entre as diferentes metadecisões tomadas ao longo de um processo decisório e, a partir de análises dos resultados, identificar contribuições acadêmicas e práticas ao estado da arte sobre o tema. Como resultado desse esforço, o modelo do processo metadecisório foi revisado com a inclusão de novos fatores que podem influenciar as metadecisões e constatou-se que, ao longo de um processo decisório, parte das metadecisões tomadas podem apresentar uma associação lógica entre si. No conjunto, esses resultados permitiram a conclusão quanto à existência de uma estrutura lógica subjacente ao processo decisório maior do que a identificada por outros autores em estudos anteriores. Dezenove proposições relacionadas a metadecisões e uma metodologia para decidir como decidir integram as contribuições do estudo e abrem a perspectiva para outros estudos investigarem a aplicabilidade e generalidade do modelo desenvolvido e das proposições efetuadas para outros contextos organizacionais. / Occasionally, decision makers face situations where they need to make strategic decisions. Frequently, these decisions are new, and thus, previous experience is only partially helpful, if it is at all. In these situations, there is a real problem that needs to be addressed by the decision maker, which is the problem of deciding how to decide strategic decisions, or, in other words, how to make the metadecisions of a strategic decision. In order to deal with this theme, the scarce literature was reviewed and, along with selected topics about the decision making process, a theoretical model was developed to represent two types of metadecisions: process and content. The next step was the development of an empirical research in a public organization, involving the development and production of two products for diagnosis and therapy purposes. Seven decision processes were studied. The investigation was carried out in order to test the theoretical model, to verify the existence of any logical association among the different metadecisions taken within the decision process and, after the analysis of the results, to generate new contributions to the state of the art of this theme. The main results of this research are the revision and inclusion of new factors in the metadecision model and the identification that some of the metadecisions taken within a strategic decision process may present a logical association with one another. These findings indicated that the subjacent logical structure pointed out by other authors in previous studies can be extended. Nineteen propositions concerning metadecisions and a methodology to decide how to decide are additional contributions of this study. Taken altogether, this investigation opened the perspective of future studies to investigate the problem of deciding how to decide and extend the findings of the present study to other organizational environments.

Ocasionalmente, decisores se deparam com situações que demandarão a tomada de decisões estratégicas. Trata-se, com freqüência, de decisões que não foram vivenciadas anteriormente - seja no âmbito do organizacional, seja no âmbito pessoal dos decisores envolvidos - e, por isso, essas experiências anteriores podem ser de pouco valor ou podem ser transpostas apenas parcialmente ao novo contexto decisório. Nessas situações, surge um problema real a ser enfrentado pelos decisores e pouco explorado empiricamente pelos estudiosos dos processos decisórios: o problema de decidir como tomar uma decisão estratégica ou, como também conhecido no meio acadêmico, como tomar as metadecisões de um processo decisório. Para tratar desse problema, pesquisou-se a escassa literatura existente e, considerando estudos selecionados sobre processos decisórios, desenvolveu-se um modelo teórico representando os fatores que podem afetar dois tipos de metadecisões: a de processo e a de conteúdo. Em seguida, no contexto de uma organização pública e, no âmbito do desenvolvimento e produção de dois produtos para fins de diagnóstico e terapia, uma investigação foi conduzida envolvendo, no total, sete processos decisórios. Essa investigação objetivou testar o modelo teórico desenvolvido, verificar a existência de alguma associação lógica entre as diferentes metadecisões tomadas ao longo de um processo decisório e, a partir de análises dos resultados, identificar contribuições acadêmicas e práticas ao estado da arte sobre o tema. Como resultado desse esforço, o modelo do processo metadecisório foi revisado com a inclusão de novos fatores que podem influenciar as metadecisões e constatou-se que, ao longo de um processo decisório, parte das metadecisões tomadas podem apresentar uma associação lógica entre si. No conjunto, esses resultados permitiram a conclusão quanto à existência de uma estrutura lógica subjacente ao processo decisório maior do que a identificada por outros autores em estudos anteriores. Dezenove proposições relacionadas a metadecisões e uma metodologia para decidir como decidir integram as contribuições do estudo e abrem a perspectiva para outros estudos investigarem a aplicabilidade e generalidade do modelo desenvolvido e das proposições efetuadas para outros contextos organizacionais. / Occasionally, decision makers face situations where they need to make strategic decisions. Frequently, these decisions are new, and thus, previous experience is only partially helpful, if it is at all. In these situations, there is a real problem that needs to be addressed by the decision maker, which is the problem of deciding how to decide strategic decisions, or, in other words, how to make the metadecisions of a strategic decision. In order to deal with this theme, the scarce literature was reviewed and, along with selected topics about the decision making process, a theoretical model was developed to represent two types of metadecisions: process and content. The next step was the development of an empirical research in a public organization, involving the development and production of two products for diagnosis and therapy purposes. Seven decision processes were studied. The investigation was carried out in order to test the theoretical model, to verify the existence of any logical association among the different metadecisions taken within the decision process and, after the analysis of the results, to generate new contributions to the state of the art of this theme. The main results of this research are the revision and inclusion of new factors in the metadecision model and the identification that some of the metadecisions taken within a strategic decision process may present a logical association with one another. These findings indicated that the subjacent logical structure pointed out by other authors in previous studies can be extended. Nineteen propositions concerning metadecisions and a methodology to decide how to decide are additional contributions of this study. Taken altogether, this investigation opened the perspective of future studies to investigate the problem of deciding how to decide and extend the findings of the present study to other organizational environments.

The thesis deals with the nature of the decision-making of the Office for the Protection of Competition (hereinafter "the OPP") in the area of public procurement. The theoretical part describes the various methods used, the legislative framework for the decision-making processes of the OPP (from the point of view of the currently effective legislation and the new Act on public procurement), and summarizes theoretical assumptions. In the analytical part, selected decisions of the OPP from the years 2005-2015 are analysed, using descriptive and interferential statistical methods. In terms of the subject matter, the OPP most often conducts proceedings in relation to complaints against alleged violation of the prohibition of discriminatory practices. Decisions of the OPP are challenged before administrative courts in only 4% of cases, in spite of the fact that contracting authorities are found guilty of committing an administrative offense in almost 80% of the cases. Commonly imposed penalties are fines. The trend of decisions on guilt, as well as the imposition of fines, is growing, however, the level of fines remains unchanged. A contracting authority which awards a public works contract is more likely to be found guilty than a contracting authority awarding other public contracts. It is also more...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of law Abstract of the dissertation The title of the dissertation: The Role of the Courts of Administrative Justice at the Process of the Unification of the Legal Norm Interpretation of Public Law Supervisor: Doc. JUDr. Vladimír Mikule Author: JUDr. Petra Venclová Prague, March 2012 This dissertation deals with the role of the courts of administrative justice at the process of the unification of the legal norm interpretation in the field of public law. Ambition of this dissertation first lies in the function and meaning of administrative justice in relation of the legal norm interpretation on the level of interpretation practice of administrative body, second in capturing the process of unification of judicial activities of administrative courts in formal position as instrumental presumption for full development of material conception which has axiological content and might offer the answer to the question of legal- philosophical direction of administrative judiciary. This work is divided into three chapters on the basic level. The first chapter explains dualism in law within the meaning of dichotomy between private and public law. The administrative law as a part of public law is defined in the relationship to the private law through the different methods and aims of...