中國大陸自一九七○年代末期以來所展開之經濟體制改革，不僅經濟體制本身受到關注，其法制建設亦逐步恢復。由於大陸長期以來實行高度集中之計劃經濟體制，使得行政許可之運用極度膨脹，已滲透到經濟、社會各個領域，幾乎到了動輒要許可、步步要審批的地步，嚴重影響大陸當前正著力推行之企業經營機制的轉換與經濟效益的提高。有鑑於此，大陸乃在一九九六年著手行政許可法之調查研究及起草工作，嗣經進一步反覆研究、修改及意見徵詢，再予增減損益後，終於在二○○三年八月二十七日第十屆全國人大常委會第四次會議通過《中華人民共和國行政許可法》，內容計八章八十三條，舉凡行政許可設定權、行政許可之實施機關及程序、行政許可之收費、監督與檢查、違反本法規定之行政許可機關及其工作人員與被許可人之法律責任等，均在本法規範調整之列，並預定於二○○四年七月一日施行。惟本法就行政許可制度之基本程序設計是否完備，使得行政許可制度既能發揮行政規制之功能，又能適當調節人民權利之行使與公益的衝突；在大陸加入WTO後，既應接受WTO規則之約束，本法之相關規定是否符合WTO規則關於非歧視、透明化、自由貿易、公平競爭等原則之要求，均有待進一步檢討。 / The reform of the economic structure since the late 1970s in the People's Republic of China （PRC）has made a gradual recovery of the legal system.Due to the planned economy structure for a long time, the system of administrative license abused in the field of society and economics had severely done harm to the transformation of enterprise management mechanism and the enhancement of economic efficiency.According to this, the PRC government began to research and draft the administrative license law since 1996 .After unceasing investigation、amendment and opinion collecting，the Administrative License Law of The People's Republic of China has been adopted at the 4th session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on August 27, 2003 and shall be implemented as of July 1, 2004.The law including 8 chapters and 83 articles stipulates the establishment of an administrative license、the executive organ for administrative license、the procedures for administrative license、the expenses of administrative license、the supervision and check、legal liabilities and so on.But is the basic procedure design of the system of administrative license stipulated by the law perfect so that it could manage administration and adjust the conflict between people exercising right and public benefit？and do the stipulations of the law correspod with the requirements of WTO rules which include non-discriminatory、transparency、free trade、fair competition principles and so on？all of them need further discussion.

The MA thesis "Minimum Legal Drinking Age in the U.S.: A Reasonable Exception to Age of Majority?" examines the U.S. legal limit for consumption of alcohol from the perspective of policies aimed at controlling drunk driving because the minimum drinking age was set to twenty-one - higher than the age of majority - in order to reduce drunk-driving fatalities. The thesis analyzes different aspects of this issue and concludes that the high minimum legal drinking, which constitutes a severe limitation of personal freedom of those aged eighteen to twenty, did not fulfill the expectations with which it was introduced in 1984. The thesis suggests alternatives to the high age limit, and examines how and if they are implemented or what prevents their frequent use. The thesis has four parts: one provides basic facts about drinking, driving, and drunk driving in the U.S. society including the attitudes of the public toward the issue. The following part looks into the legal developments of the drinking age limits and legal challenges to the law arranging the age limit for its supposed unconstitutionality. The third chapter looks at the results of scientific research and suggests ways to deal with drunk driving more efficiently. The last part examines what prevents these more effective measures from being widely...