Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1992.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1992.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1978.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1978.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

This work is based on the premise that uncontrolled anger contributes to the violence committed by adolescent boys 13-17 years of age. In fact, in all countries, young males are both the principal perpetrators and victims of homicide (World Health Organization, 2002). Identifying the underlying reasons for the anger is instrumental in controlling this emotion and in developing and implementing effective violence prevention methods that may lead to a decrease in adolescent violence. Violence in urban America committed specifically by the adolescent male is a serious problem and one that has stimulated the interest of this writer.The purpose of this dissertation is to provide classroom teachers, school administrators, counselors, and parents with insights, strategies, and techniques to understand and help the chronically angry child. Further, my purpose is to review and describe existing knowledge to provide a basis for action in managing these children. Dealing with an angry child is frustrating as well as challenging if one does not understand anger—its possible causes and effects. Since 95% of juvenile homicides are committed by boys under the age of 18, it is fitting that this work focuses on adolescent males (Supporting Our Sons, 2003). / Ed. D.

Introdução: O consumo alimentar de adolescentes pode ser influenciado por diversos fatores, como por exemplo, o ambiente familiar, o acesso e a disponibilidade dos alimentos. Objetivos: Verificar as associações entre fatores com o consumo alimentar dos oito grupos da pirâmide dos alimentos. Materiais e métodos: A amostra foi constituída por adolescentes de 14 escolas técnicas da cidade de São Paulo, que responderam questões sobre percepção de alimentos e de alimentação saudável, acesso e disponibilidade, refeições em família, frequencia das refeições, influência dos pais, da mídia, da escola e dos amigos. Avaliou-se associação destas variáveis com o consumo alimentar dos oito grupos da pirâmide dos alimentos por meio dos testes Qui-Quadrado e t-Student, com nível de significância de 5 por cento . Foi realizada análise de regressão logística para identificar os fatores que influenciaram o consumo alimentar dos grupos de alimentos. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 1167 adolescentes, 51,1 por cento do sexo masculino. Foram observadas as associações: percepção de alimentação saudável com os grupos dos açúcares, das carnes, dos feijões, das frutas e do arroz; acesso e disponibilidade com os açúcares, óleos, leite, carnes, feijões, frutas e arroz; estado nutricional com os açúcares e feijões; frequencia das refeições com os óleos, leite, carnes e feijões; lazer sedentário com os óleos; sexo com leite, carne, feijões e arroz; refeição em família e influência dos amigos com as carnes; e, idade com os feijões. O risco de consumir acima recomendado foi observado no grupo dos açúcares, dos óleos e das carnes. Os grupos do leite, dos feijões, das frutas e do arroz tiveram maior risco de consumir abaixo da recomendação. Conclusões: O presente estudo confirma a importância de conhecer essas associações a fim de contribuir para o planejamento de estratégias de intervenção com ações educativas e de prevenção mais abrangentes e efetivas para os adolescentes. / Introduction: Food intake of adolescents can be influenced by several factors, such as, family environment, food access and availability. Purpose: To identify the associations between factors and food intake of the food pyramid groups. Methods: The sample consisted of adolescents from 14 technical schools in the city of São Paulo, who answered questions about food perception and eating health perception, access and availability, family meals, meals, parental, media, school and friends influences. We evaluated the associations between variables with food intake of food pyramid groups using Chi-Square and t-student tests with significance level 5 per cent . Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors influencing food intake of the pyramid food groups. Results: The study include 1167 adolescents, 51,1 per cent male. Observed associations: eating health perception with sugar, meat, beans, fruits and rice; access and availability with sugars, oils, milk, meat, beans, fruits and rice; nutritional status with sugar and beans, meals patterns with oils, milk, meat and beans; sedentary leisure with oils; sex with milk, meat, beans and rice; family meals and friends influence with meats; and age with beans. The risk of dietary intake excess was observed in the sugars, oils and meat. The milk, beans, fruits and rice groups had higher risk of dietary intake below of recommendation. Conclusion: Were found associations between several factors with food groups. This study confirms the importance of knowing the associations to contribute in the planning intervention strategies with educational and preventive action for adolescents

<p>Adolescence means an increased risk for eating disorders (ED) and the female gender is the most important risk factor. Empirical studies of the perceptions of gender ideals—as potential mediating factors between the socio-cultural context and ED—were this thesis’ primary goals. Further aims implied evaluating the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorders Inventory for Children (EDI-C) and providing normative data for boys and girls concerning self-assessed ED symptoms and related psychological traits.</p><p>The EDI-C has satisfying psychometric properties, and normative data are now provided. The vast majority of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls (n=4725) are not preoccupied with weight concerns, but 1–3% of the boys and 9–20% of the girls here indicate feelings of anxiety and problematic attitudes. An increase of self-reported ED symptoms occurs during female preadolescence and early adolescence. </p><p>Responses to three open-ended questions—addressing perceived and personal gender ideals of adolescent boys (n=347) and girls with (n=204) and without (n=417) an ED—indicate that girls are, compared to boys, more involved in images of ideals. The perceived ideal man and ideal woman differ in body size and strength. This corresponds with different health risk behaviours reported in boys (body building) and girls (dieting). Awareness of media ideals and an ability to discriminate them from individual values was common in the normal groups and in girls who had recovered from an ED. A poor outcome was associated with thinness stated as ideals of the media, without mentioning good looks. Factors that could predict outcome at the 3-year follow-up of an ED in adolescent girls were: good looks (media ideal), maturity fears, profession (individual ideal), sexual debut, and vomiting.</p><p>The addition of a gender perspective would add a dimension to programmes aiming at preventing and treating ED in adolescence.</p>