Despite air travel has not grown as predicted, air travel is still expected to rise to just less than doubling the current figure by 2030. This creates an urging need to develop more efficient Air Traffic Management (ATM) solutions. Around the globe, research and development initiatives have been launched to modernize the air traffic control infrastructures. These modernized infrastructures will be built around continuous information gathering, sharing and transferring of data between aircraft and air navigation service providers and airports ground infrastructure, which will be difficult for current aeronautical communications systems to handle. As a result, new communication infrastructures are required to manage future aeronautical communication traffic demand. This paper proposes an integrated aeronautical communication architecture consisting of four radio access technologies for communications between aircrafts and ground Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN). The design and implementation of a Joint Radio Resource Management (JRRM) framework to manage these radio resources are discussed. The design is verified by a proof-of-concept JRRM prototype which is developed for the management of radio resource between the Inmarsat Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) and the Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communication System (AeroMACS).

The wireless networks of the future are likely to be tiered, i.e., a heterogeneous mixture of overlaid networks that have different power, spectrum, hardware, coverage, mobility, complexity, and technology requirements. The focus of this dissertation is to improve the performance and increase the throughput of tiered networks with resource/interference management methods, node densification schemes, and transceiver designs; with their applications to advanced tiered network structures such as heterogeneous networks (i.e., picocells, femtocells, relay nodes, and distributed antenna systems), device-to-device (D2D) networks, and aeronautical communication networks (ACN). Over the last few decades, there has been an incredible increase in the demand for wireless services in various applications in the entire world. This increase leads to the emergence of a number of advanced wireless systems and networks whose common goal is to provide a very high data rate to countless users and applications. With the traditional macrocellular network architectures, it will be extremely challenging to meet such demand for high data rates in the upcoming years. Therefore, a mixture of different capability networks has started being built in a tiered manner. While the number and capabilities of networks are increasing to satisfy higher requirements; Modeling, managing, and maintaining the entire structure has become more challenging. The capacity of wireless networks has increased with various different advanced technologies/methodologies between 1950-2000 which can be summarized under three main titles: spectrum increase (x25), spectrum efficiency increase (x25), and network density (spectrum reuse) increase (x1600). It is vital to note that among different schemes, the most important gain is explored with increasing the reuse and adding more nodes/cells into the system, which will be the focus of this dissertation. Increasing the reuse by adding nodes into the network in an uncoordinated (irregular in terms of power, spectrum, hardware, coverage, mobility, complexity, and technology) manner brought up heterogeneity to the traditional wireless networks: multi-tier resource management problems in uncoordinated interference environments. In this study, we present novel resource/interference management methods, node densification schemes, and transceiver designs to improve the performance of tiered networks; and apply our methodologies to heterogeneous networks, D2D networks, and ACN. The focus and the contributions of this research involve the following perspectives: 1. Resource Management in Tiered Networks: Providing a fairness metric for tiered networks and developing spectrum allocation models for heterogeneous network structures. 2. Network Densification in Tiered Networks: Providing the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and transmit power distributions of D2D networks for network density selection criteria, and developing gateway scheduling algorithms for dense tiered networks. 3. Mobility in Tiered Networks: Investigation of mobility in a two-tier ACN, and providing novel transceiver structures for high data rate, high mobility ACN to mitigate the effect of Doppler.

No / Fault management is one of the important management functions of a telecommunication network and mainly deals with fault monitoring and diagnosis. This paper applies reliability theories and methodologies for the fault management of an aeronautical communication system developed within the EU FP7 SANDRA project. The failure of the SANDRA terminal demonstrator is an undesirable event and the corresponding fault tree was built upon a reliability function analysis and was used to quickly monitor failures in the system. By using Monte Carlo simulations, the SANDRA demonstrator's reliability can be predicted and important components, which have major contributions to system failures, can be identified. The results can be used to improve the system reliability by adding parallel components in weak and important places. / Fault management is one of the important management functions of a telecommunication network and mainly deals with fault monitoring and diagnosis. This paper applies reliability theories and methodologies for the fault management of an aeronautical communication system developed within the EU FP7 SANDRA project. The failure of the SANDRA terminal demonstrator is an undesirable event and the corresponding fault tree was built upon a reliability function analysis and was used to quickly monitor failures in the system. By using Monte Carlo simulations, the SANDRA demonstrator's reliability can be predicted and important components, which have major contributions to system failures, can be identified. The results can be used to improve the system reliability by adding parallel components in weak and important places.

Au début des années 2000, les instances aéronautiques ont exprimé le besoin de développer un nouveau système de radiocommunication aéronautique du fait de l'augmentation du trafic aérien et de la saturation croissante des capacités de communication radio entre les aéronefs et les stations de contrôle aérien. L'une des composantes de ce système, nommée L-DACS (« L-band Digital Aeronautical Communication System »), devrait opérer dans la bande L-aéronautique (960-1164 MHz), dans laquelle fonctionnent également de nombreux autres systèmes radioélectriques. La compatibilité radioélectrique (CRE) de L-DACS avec ces systèmes est un des facteurs principaux à prendre en considération dans le développement d'un tel système.L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'identifier les principaux problèmes reliés à la CRE et d'en étudier les cas critiques. Ces travaux sont fondamentaux en aéronautique, puisque tout dysfonctionnement dans la communication ou dans les systèmes de radionavigation peut mettre en danger la sécurité du vol. Les conclusions de cette thèse contribueront à la normalisation du système L-DACS et à la finalisation de ses spécifications.Dans une première étape, on étudie l'état de l'art dans les communications aéronautiques et en CRE. On analyse en particulier les dernières spécifications des deux systèmes candidats L-DACS. Ensuite, on propose un algorithme de calcul de brouillage dans le but d'étudier la CRE dans le domaine fréquentiel, d'en identifier et d'en traiter les cas critiques. L'analyse fréquentielle étant insuffisante dans plusieurs cas, on propose alors une approche temporelle d'étude de CRE. Après en avoir présenté les avantages, on présente un exemple d'étude de l'effet d'un système L-DACS sur un récepteur DME (« Distance Measuring Equipment ») à l'aide d'un banc de test CRE aéronautique.Cette thèse a été réalisée en collaboration avec la Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile (DGAC), qui est un acteur principal pour la réglementation des communications et un affectataire de fréquence pour le spectre aéronautique en France. La thèse contribue aux études menées par la DGAC à l'échelle nationale et internationale.Dans les perspectives, on propose la poursuite de cette étude par une approche temporelle plus générale pour étudier la CRE entre des systèmes radioélectriques quelconques en tenant compte de paramètres supplémentaires liés à la dynamique des systèmes et aux propriétés de leurs technologies. / In the beginning of the 21th century, the aeronautical authorities expressed their need to develop a new system for aeronautical radiocommunications, because the air-traffic is increasing and that current communication systems between pilots and air-controllers are reaching their capacity limits. The L-band Digital Aeronautical Communication System (L-DACS) is the part of the future system that will be operating in a part of the aeronautical L-band (960-1164 MHz), already occupied by a large number of radio-frequency legacy systems. Consequently, it is essential to consider its radio-frequency compatibility (RFC) for the development of the future L-DACS system. This thesis aims at identifying the principal issues related to RFC and studying its critical situations. Such topics are fundamental in aeronautics, as any communication or radionavigation dysfunction may endanger flight and passengers security. Some obtained results will be used for the L-DACS standardization and its specifications finalization. We first analyze the state-of-the-art in both aeronautical communications and RFC, focalizing on updated specifications of both preselected L-DACS candidate systems. We then propose a deterministic algorithm to compute the interference level in order to study the RFC in the frequency domain under identified critical scenarios. Since the frequency-domain analysis seems to be insufficient in several cases, we develop a different methodology, called the time-frequency approach, to analyze the RFC for such situations. We apply this new approach to analyze the effect of an L-DACS interferer on a Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) receiver, using an aeronautical RFC test-bed that we implemented at SUPELEC. This work has been performed in collaboration with the French Civil Aviation Authorities (DGAC), which are an important actor in aeronautical communication regulations and aeronautical spectrum management in France. The thesis contributes to DGAC studies at national as well as international levels. For further work, we suggest to generalize the proposed time-frequency approach to analyze the RFC between any two radio-frequency systems, taking into account additional parameters related to system dynamics and their technology properties.

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