Die gevarieerde landskap van leksikografie stel aanleerders uit verskillende sosiale agtergronde in staat om ’n vreemde taal vanuit hul eie moedertaal aan te leer. Gevolglik is een van die maniere waarop taalverwerwing bevorder kan word, veral deur die ontwikkeling van aanleerderwoordeboeke, meer spesifiek vreemdetaalwoordeboeke wat volwassenes bemagtig om die vreemde taal aan te leer om beide resepsie en produksie van die taal te bemeester. Die ontwerp en samestelling van ’n woordeboek is ’n komplekse saak, want onder andere moet die verskille tussen kultuurgroepe, die vlak van die aanleerder se vermoë om ’n taal aan te leer, die aanleerder se kennis van die betrokke taal en die beskikbaarheid van leermateriaal en bronne in ag geneem word. Hierby moet ook vertaalekwivalente in beide tale vir resepsie en produksie verskaf word. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om ’n raamwerk daar te stel vir die kriteria van ’n tweerigtingaanleerderwoordeboek met Afrikaans en Frans as taalpaar. Die hipotese is dat dit moontlik is om ’n doeltreffende raamwerk vir die kriteria vir ‘n tweerigting-aanleerderwoordeboek met Afrikaans en Frans as taalpaar te ontwikkel. Die motivering vir hierdie studie is deels gegrond op die gebrek aan aanleerderwoordeboeke met Afrikaans en Frans as taalpaar. Die Afrikaanssprekende moet tans Frans deur middel van Engels aanleer vanweë die gebrek aan leermateriaal. Die navorser se persoonlike ervaring met die aanleer van Frans as vreemde taal het die ondersoek verder geïnspireer. Kriteria vir ’n tweerigtingaanleerderwoordeboek met Afrikaans en Frans as taalpaar is vasgestel aan die hand van ’n literatuuroorsig. Die geïdentifiseerde kriteria is in detail bespreek en aan die hand van praktiese voorbeelde eksemplaries toegelig.

M.A. / This dissertation is an investigation into the lexicographical treatment of synonymy in Afrikaans explanatory dictionaries - especially the Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (HAT). It is divided into two chapters of theoretical discussion, a chapter of practical examples from HAT and a final chapter with conclusions and suggestions for improvement. Chapter two discusses the concept of 'meaning'. In order to arrive at an understanding of 'meaning', it is necessary to have a measure knowledge of some aspects of the theory. First of all there will be a brief discussion of the theory of reference and cognitive/ descriptive meaning. A lexicographer should describe the conceptual sense of a word. In order to do this he uses sense relations, namely hyponymy, antonymy and synonymy. These relations are interdependent. Hyponymy and antonymy will be touched on briefly, while synonymy will be discussed thoroughly. As far as synonymy is concerned there will be, among other aspects, a discussion of the concept 'synonymy', the difference between absolute and near-synonymy and polysemy and homonymy. Chapter three lists the lexicographical criteria in terms of which synonymy must be applied in a dictionary. In this chapter there will be a look at aspects such as the guide to the use of the dictionary (front matter), synonym definitions, the arrangement of synonyms, contextual information and a consistant cross-reference. The system according to which syonymy must be applied in a dictionary must be thoroughly explained in the front matter. In the case of synonym definitions every synonym must be taken up as a lemma and supplied with a lexicographic definition. The member of a synonym paradigm with the highest use frequency must be supplied with a lexicographic definition, while the other members of a synonym paradigm get synonym definitions. With reference to chapter three, chapter four deals with an evaluation of the application of synonymy in HAT. All the criteria in chapter three will be discussed on the basis of examples from HAT.A main conclusion reached, is that the criteria are not always maintained. In many cases the criteria are correctly maintained, but deviations of the criteria are, inter alia: not all the synonyms are taken up as lemmas; cross-references are not always correct and consistant; the lexicographic definition is placed with the wrong lemma; the members of a synonym paradigm are not arranged according to the highest use frequency. Chapter five gives a summary of the conclusions regarding criteria. There are also suggestions for improvement, regarding the application of synonymy in the case of multi-word lexical units and sublexical units. Lexicographers are working on a central data base for Afrikaans, The main problem with dictionaries, namely inconsistant cross-referencing, will be reduced if such a data base functions as the basis for lexicographic activity.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although work on the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal started in the pretheoretic era of lexicography, it was originally the wish of the editorial staff to involve linguists in the compilation of the dictionary. They were, however, reluctant to implement suggestions of the critics after the first volumes had been published. A few adaptations were made, but a high premium was placed on the uniformity of the dictionary so that no meaningful changes were considered. The increasing harshness of the critisism as well as growing doubt whether the dictionary would be completed at the ever slowing pace, motivated the editorial staff to make a radical about-turn at the halfway mark. In an unprecedented step in lexicography the dictionary was redesigned during 1989 and 1990. Metalexicographers were involved and critisism on the completed volumes as well as the insights of lexicographic theory were taken into account in the designing of the new generation WAT volumes. The interaction between theory and practice should however be an ongoing process and more adaptations should be made if the ideal remains that the dictionary should reflect the state of metalexicography. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal uit die voorteoretiese era van die leksikografie stam, was daar aanvanklik die begeerte by die redaksie om taalkundiges by die woordeboek te betrek. Daar was egter 'n traagheid om uitvoering te gee aan die voorstelle van die kritici met die verskyning van die eerste dele van die WAT. Enkele veranderinge is wel aangebring, maar die eenheidsbeeld van die woordeboek is steeds vooropgestel sodat geen diepgaande wysigings oorweeg is nie. Die feller wordende kritiek asook twyfel of die woordeboek ooit voltooi sou word teen die traer wordende pas, het die redaksie laat besluit om by die halfpadmerk 'n radikale omkeer te maak. In 'n ongeëwenaarde stap in die leksikografie is die woordeboek gedurende 1989 en 1990 herontwerp. Metaleksikograwe is betrek en die kritiek op die vorige dele en die insigte van die leksikografieteorie is verreken in die ontwerp van die nuwe-generasie- WAT-dele. Die wisselwerking tussen teorie en praktyk duur egter voort en meer aanpassings sal gemaak moet word indien dit steeds die ideaal is dat die woordeboek die stand van die metaleksikografie weerspieël.

M.A. / The objectives of the study was the treatment of needlework terms in four Afrikaans monolingual dictionaries, viz. Nasionale Woordeboek (NAS), Verklarende Afrikaanse Woordeboek (VAW), Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (VAW) and the exhaustive Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (WAT). Chapter 1 focused on the semantic description of needlework terms. For this purpose definition types such as descriptive, genus-differentia, synonym, circular, extensional, genetic, functional and antonym definitions were distinguished. Polysemy and a separation in homonyms were also considered. Needlework terminology as a semantic field was introduced in Chapter 2 and a list of terms given in Appendix A. A distinction was made between terms referring specifically to needlework and more general vocabulary items also applicable to needlework. The vast majority of the terms were found to be nouns, the remainder being verbs and adjectives. A small number of needlework terms were found to be compounds and derivations. The main thrust of the study was Chapter 3, in which a semantic analysis of definitions was made with reference to the definition types distinguished earlier on. The genusdifferentia definition was found to be the type most commonly employed. It was moreover found that the differentia in particular could itself be analysed in other definition types. One or more synonyms formed a separate part of the semantic description. The occurrence of the various definition types as they were distributed amongst the various dictionaries, was expressed in a number of tables. No significant difference was found between the dictionaries as far a preference for a specific definition type is concerned. A number of microstructural elements, such as morphological and syntactic information, labels, etymological information and illustrative examples, and idioms containing needlework terms, were discussed in Chapter 4, and the idioms listed in Appendix B. The labels were found to be of two types, viz. subject and stylistic labels. The latter was limited to ongewoon ('uncommon'), while the former could refer to needlework, embroidery, knitting and textile usages.

M.A. (Linguistics) / Unlike in the natural sciences, the study fields of the social sciences are closely related and large areas overlap - with regard to the use of terminology as well. However there are also differences, and in an institution such as the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) which comprises a heterogeneous community of subject specialists, not only the different subjects fields are represented, but also the different schools of thought (universities). In order to conduct human sciences research, the subject specialists should communicate with one another within these subject fields, but also across the borders of the different human sciences disciplines. The aim of this study was to standardize selected human sciences terminology used in the HSRC in order to provide a source of such terminology to be used mainly by HSRC personnel, and to enhance communication in this way. A theoretical review of the fields of standardization and sUbject lexicography was given. The former field was subdivided into linguistic standardization, technical language standardization and organizational standardization, and a clear organizational standardization process was distinguished on the basis of the steps of collecting, submitting, processing and distributing terminology. The field of subject lexicography concerned technical dictionaries and terminology lists, and the issue of computerizing terminology was also dealt with. The organizational standardization process with respect to HSRC terminology was explained and problematic terms identified in the study were discussed. The terminology involved in the study had been collected over a number of years by the language practitioners at the Centre for Language Services eCLS) of the HSRC, recorded on cards and later entered into the computer. In the study the terminology was submitted to the various sUbject specialists in the HSRC for their comment and approval, and their comments were subsequently researched and discussed by the CLS. The next step in the standardization process involves the processing of the comments so that the terminology can be distributed in the form of a publication or by means of a computerized database. The use of standardized terminology in the HSRC can contribute greatly towards improving communication between subject specialists and if the computerized information is transferred to the National Term Bank of the National Terminology Services as planned, the standardized HSRC terminology can be of use outside the HSRC as well.

288 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-275. Includes bibliography. Digitized using a Bizhub 250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR). / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 1999. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to investigate the user perspective in Afrikaans lexicography. Placing the user and his needs first, research was done to determine the user-friendliness of Afrikaans dictionaries. In order to conduct such research user target groups had to be identified. This was problematic, since until now, almost no research on Afrikaans dictionary users had been done. An overview of the research on the user perspective is given in the first chapter. Since the teaching of dictionary use in schools forms a substantial part of the user perspective, the present state was investigated. As a result the necessity of teaching of dictionary use in schools has been emphasized and some improvements in this regard have been suggested. The following Afrikaans dictionaries were studied to determine their userfriendliness: Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (HAT) and Verklarende Afrikaanse Woordeboek (VAW), Basiswoordeboek van Afrikaans (BA), Reader's Digest Afrikaans-Engelse Woordeboek/English-Afrikaans Dictionarv (RD) and Groot Tesourus van Afrikaans (GT). These dictionaries were investigated with regard to their functions, textual segments and transfer of information. Some more user-friendly models for dictionaries have been suggested. The study is aimed at the metalexicographer, since it has been approached from a theoretical point of view, but also at the practical lexicographer because practical dictionary use has been investigated. Ultimately, it is hoped that this study will contribute towards more user-friendly dictionaries that put the user first. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om die gebruikersperspektief in die Afrikaanse leksikografie na te vors. In die studie word die gebruiker en sy behoeftes sentraal gestel en daar word nagevors in watter mate Afrikaanse woordeboeke hul gebruikers ter wille is. Vir so 'n studie moet gebruikersgroepe geidentifiseer word en dit op sigself is problematies, aangesien daar feitlik geen navorsing oor Afrikaanse woordeboekgebruikers tot op hede onderneem is nie. 'n Oorsig oor navorsing oor die gebruikersperspektief in die Afrikaanse leksikografie word in die eerste hoofstuk verskaf. 'n Wesenlike deel van die gebruikersperspektief is 'n studie van die stand van woordeboekonderrig in Suid-Afrikaanse skole. Die noodsaaklikheid van woordeboekonderrig in skole word beklemtoon en die huidige stand van sake word ondersoek. Etlike voorstelle word gemaak om woordeboekonderrig in skole te verbeter. Die gebruikersvriendelikheid van verskeie Afrikaanse woordeboeke, te wete Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (HAT) en Verklarende Afrikaanse Woordeboek (VAW), Basiswoordeboek van Afrikaans (BA), Reader's Digest Afrikaans-Engelse Woordeboek/English-Afrikaans Dictionary (RD), Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (WAT) en Groot Tesourus van Afrikaans (GT) word getoets aan die hand van hul funksies, tekstuele segmente en ontsluiting van inligtingstipes. Verder word gebruikersvriendeliker modelle van woordeboeke voorgestel. Hierdie studie is gerig op die metaleksikograaf, aangesien dit vanuit 'n teoretiese perspektief onderneem is, maar ook op die praktiese leksikograaf, aangesien die praktiese gebruik van woordeboeke bestudeer is. Die oogmerk van die studie is om 'n bydrae te lewer tot die skep van meer gebruikersgerigte woordeboeke waarin die gebruiker en sy behoeftes sentraal gestel word.