abstract: With many students of all ages attending after school programs (APSs) where there are a variety of program specific goals, this study examined the physical activity (PA) patterns of youth and teens attending afterschool programs as well as their physical activity during the school week. The first phase of the study used a validated observational instrument System for Observing Play and Leisure in Youth (SOPLAY) to record PA data and contextual aspects. Data was analyzed using cross-tabulations, chi-square test, and a table created to understand moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels and contextual variables of the ASP. Findings suggest both girls and boys engaged in MVPA in environments built for play, while the mean percentage of girls engaged in MVPA was less than boys regardless of activity area. The second phase of the study used a survey comprised of two self-administered instruments. The first section used the Middle School Health Behavior Survey (MSHBS), which has been previously validated to record youth and teens PA behaviors during the past school week inside and outside of school. The second portion of the survey asked youth and teens about PA participation, leisure time, perceptions of the after school program, and choices within the after school program using the validated Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate and summarize data within and across both groups. Results showed more than half of youth and teens surveyed were active in some form during the past week regardless of being in school or outside of school, approximately less than a third are in front of a television or computer for less than an hour, and the favorite part of the ASP to youth and teens was the Gym and Friends respectively. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physical Education 2015

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / The China agricultural equipment market represents 48% of the equipment demand in South East Asia, and 16.5% of the global equipment demand in 2005. With John Deere’s market leadership position in the global agricultural equipment business, in order to maintain that leadership, China will have be part of their plans. John Deere started doing business in China in 1976 and has grown to four agricultural machinery factories in the country. Service parts sales make up an important part of the agricultural equipment business, both in revenue and profit. Margins on service parts sales can be as much as eight times that of new complete good sales. Within China, the John Deere dealer organization in the past has focused primary on selling complete goods, missing out on service parts sales. Successful equipment dealerships outside of China maintain a balance between complete good sales, service parts sales, and service labor sales. The objective of this research was to determine those factors that appear to impact the amount of service parts a John Deere dealership in China sells. Data was collected for three years and regression modeling used to determine what impact variables had on service parts sales and net service parts sales. The outcome of the research found that there are key attributes of John Deere dealerships along with geographical regions that John Deere can focus on in China to improve their service parts sales.

Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: To determine if the addition of oral alvimopan, liposomal bupivacaine and intravenous acetaminophen as part of a comprehensive enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program decreases length of stay, recovery time and narcotic/acetaminophen use without affecting colorectal surgery patient outcomes. Methods: Patients were compared before and after the implementation of alvimopan, liposomal bupivacaine and intravenous acetaminophen with an ERAS program. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (measured in hours). Secondary outcomes included change in time to first meal, bowel sounds, and bowel movement (measured in hours), pain scores (visual analog scale 0-10), opioid use (measured in morphine equivalent milligrams), and acetaminophen use (measured in mg). Results: Thirty-seven individuals were included in the pre implementation population and fifty one patients were included in the post implementation population. The mean length of stay decreased from 124.3 hours to 100.2 hours (P equals 0.13) with the addition of the ERAS program with the three medications. The 24 hour morphine equivalent intervals for seventy-two hours following surgery decreased from 125.8 mg (day 1), 81.9 mg (day 2) and 44.5 mg (day 3) to 44.3 mg (day 1), 22.8 mg (day 2) and 13.2 mg (day 3) (P less than 0.005 for each one). Conclusions: The addition of alvimopan, liposomal bupivacaine and intravenous acetaminophen as part of a comprehensive ERAS program decreased length of stay but not significantly. However, the addition of these three medications with the ERAS program changes was associated with a statistically significant decrease in opioid use.

Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: To determine if the addition of oral alvimopan, liposomal bupivacaine and intravenous acetaminophen as part of a comprehensive enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program decreases length of stay, recovery time and narcotic/acetaminophen use without affecting colorectal surgery patient outcomes. Methods: Patients were compared before and after the implementation of alvimopan, liposomal bupivacaine and intravenous acetaminophen with an ERAS program. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (measured in hours). Secondary outcomes included change in time to first meal, bowel sounds, and bowel movement (measured in hours), pain scores (visual analog scale 0-10), opioid use (measured in morphine equivalent milligrams), and acetaminophen use (measured in mg). Results: Thirty-seven individuals were included in the pre implementation population and fifty one patients were included in the post implementation population. The mean length of stay decreased from 124.3 hours to 100.2 hours (P equals 0.13) with the addition of the ERAS program with the three medications. The 24 hour morphine equivalent intervals for seventy-two hours following surgery decreased from 125.8 mg (day 1), 81.9 mg (day 2) and 44.5 mg (day 3) to 44.3 mg (day 1), 22.8 mg (day 2) and 13.2 mg (day 3) (P less than 0.005 for each one). Conclusions: The addition of alvimopan, liposomal bupivacaine and intravenous acetaminophen as part of a comprehensive ERAS program decreased length of stay but not significantly. However, the addition of these three medications with the ERAS program changes was associated with a statistically significant decrease in opioid use.

This research project explored how mothers experiencing depression after childbirth perceived their mental illness. Illness perceptions were assessed across the dimensions outlined within the Self-Regulatory Model (SRM, Leventhal, Nerenz & Steele, 1984) via the use of the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R, Moss-Morris, Weinman, Petrie, Horne, Cameron & Buick, 2002). The psychometric properties of the IPQ-R within this clinical sample and relationships between illness perceptions, depression severity and maternal bonding were assessed. A literature review of the use of the IPQ and IPQ-R within mental health identified that these measures with modifications (in particular to the causal and identity subscales) were largely reliable and valid measures of assessing illness perceptions in mental health. The illness dimensions outlined within the SRM were largely endorsed within the clinical populations sampled, offering support of the applicability of the SRM within mental health. Mental illnesses were consistently viewed as chronic with serious negative consequences. Perceptions regarding mental illness consequences, chronicity and controllability were associated with coping strategies and help-seeking. Treatment adherence and attitudes towards taking medication were associated with illness controllability beliefs. The IPQ-R modified for depression after childbirth was shown to be a reliable measure for assessing illness perceptions within this clinical sample and was shown to be reliable over a four-week time period.Mothers experiencing depression after childbirth perceived their depression as having a moderate number of symptoms, a high number of negative consequences and responded to their depression with a number of emotions. Mothers perceived having a coherent understanding of their difficulties, believing that depression was amenable to treatment and personal control and that depression was cyclical in nature. Commonly reported symptoms experienced attributed to depression included depressed mood, difficulties concentrating, loss of interest/pleasure in activities, fatigue/loss of energy and sleep difficulties. Frequently endorsed causes of depression included stress or worry, hormonal changes, own emotional state, family problems, mental attitude and own behaviour. Interestingly, no significant difference was found between illness perceptions of mothers who previously experienced psychological problems and mothers who had not.Mothers who perceived having many symptoms and a high emotional response to depression were more likely to report higher depression severity. Whereas mothers who believed they had control over their depression were more likely to report lower depression severity. Illness identity and consequence beliefs were associated with maternal bonding difficulties. The project's findings were presented with reference to previous literature with implications for theory and clinical practice explored. Difficulties and limitations of the research and its related theory were discussed in addition to reflections upon the research project. Possible improvements to the research procedure and areas for future research were also identified.

South Africa’s unresolved land question has material and ideational dimensions. While undeniably crucial to resolving the land question, the material dimension has created tension and conflict. Therefore, this thesis considers the necessary but insufficient material approach to South Africa’s land question after 2013 and, as a supplementary response, introduces social constructionism and the inherent ideational context as an extension to the material. Social constructionism emphasises the social origins of knowledge and the articulation of language for the construction of multiple realities by actors with different identities who use structures and agency to construct distinctive social communities and networks. Drawing on primary data sources such as the Hansard, television interviews, speeches and personally authored documents explicitly involving party leaders Julius Sello Malema (EFF) and Petrus Johannes Groenewald (FF+) as political elites, the methodology entails a qualitative content analysis of their ‘land language’ from 2013 to 2019. In this regard, Malema and Groenewald have articulated conflictual, diversifying and unifying ‘land language’ to construct social networks and communities that emerge from their differing realities leading to hostility, fear and confrontation. It shows that despite the hostility, fear and confrontation over the land question there is also, to a degree, ‘land language’ contributing to an imagined pluralistic security community with dependable expectations of peaceful change. As an ideational response, a security community integrates social communities and networks to engender an over-arching sense of we-ness. We-ness is achievable by advancing societal interest, promoting human dignity and inculcating compassion as a virtue to introduce dependable expectations of peaceful change when considering South Africa’s post-2013 land question. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Political Sciences / PhD / Unrestricted

Adobe After Effects es una aplicación de composición, gráficos en movimiento y efectos visuales digitales desarrollada por Adobe Systems y utilizada en el proceso de postproducción de la producción de películas, videojuegos y televisión. Entre otras cosas, After Effects se puede utilizar para incrustación, seguimiento, composición y animación. (adobe After Effects)

Adobe After Effects es una aplicación de composición, gráficos en movimiento y efectos visuales digitales desarrollada por Adobe Systems y utilizada en el proceso de postproducción de la producción de películas, videojuegos y televisión. Entre otras cosas, After Effects se puede utilizar para incrustación, seguimiento, composición y animación. (Adobe After Effects)

Abstract Introduction Chris Hani Baragwanath (CHB) hospital has 20 000 deliveries per annum, with 25% by caesarean section (CS). Therefore, vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) is an important delivery option. We questioned the reasons for the low VBAC success following trial of labour (TOL). The primary objective was to determine the proportion of eligible patients attempting TOL and the VBAC success rate. Secondary objectives were to establish reasons for failed VBAC, predictive factors for VBAC, and maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methodology A retrospective descriptive study by record review, analysing demographic, obstetric and delivery outcome variables of women with one prior CS in a subsequent pregnancy. Results From the 340 patients eligible for VBAC, 287 (84.4%) attempted TOL and 53 (15.6%) had an elective repeat caesarean section (ERCS). VBAC success was 51.6% (148/287). Prelabour rupture of membranes and prolonged latent phase of labour resulted in 40% of failed VBAC. Successful VBAC was associated with a higher parity, lower birth weight and lower gestation (p<0.001). Positive predictors of successful VBAC were previous vaginal birth (p=0.004), previous VBAC (p=0.038), previous CS for malpresentation (p=0.012), birth weight <3500g (p=0.003), and gestation ≤ 39 weeks (p<0.001). Negative predictors were previous CS for cephalopelvic disproportion (p=0.003) and women with no prior vaginal deliveries (p<0.001). There was no maternal mortality. Complications however, included 2 uterine ruptures, 2 uterine dehiscences, 4 hysterectomies, and one intrapartum fetal death. Adverse maternal outcomes were increased with TOL compared to ERCS (p=0.038), and more so with failed compared to successful VBAC (p=0.002). Adverse neonatal outcomes were also increased with TOL compared to ERCS (p=0.048), however there was no difference in neonatal outcomes between failed and successful VBAC (p=0.420). Conclusion VBAC remains a viable option for patients with one prior CS in this setting, despite a lower VBAC success than developed countries. Failed VBAC due to prelabour rupture of membranes and prolonged latent phase of labour remains a problem.

Titeln på detta arbete är: de första minuterna, redskap som kan behövas efter rasten. Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en förståelse för vilka redskap som kan behövas för att en pedagog ska kunna klara av de olika situationer, som kan uppstå i klassrummet efter rasten. Med situationer efter rasten menar jag till exempel olösta konflikter. Jag har valt att göra min undersökning i en förskoleklass i en mindre ort i Skåne. Som undersökningsmetod använde jag observation med en låg grad av struktur. Det vill säga att jag förde löpande anteckningar under observationens gång. De frågeställningar som genomsyrar arbetet är vad som händer efter rasten i en förskoleklass samt vad en pedagog kan göra för att underlätta för de situationer som kan uppstå efter rasten. Det jag kommit fram till är att de situationer som uppstår efter rasten bland annat är toalettbesök och drickande av vatten. Fler situationer uppstodd inte då pedagogen i klassrummet hade skapat olika förebyggande strategier för att situationer ska bli mindre och mer kontrollerande. Med förebyggande strategier menar jag olika rutiner som eleverna är införstådda med, de vet vad de ska göra efter rasten, som till exempel sätta sig i en ring på golvet. När eleverna väl sitter i en ring kan man diskutera vad som har hänt på rasten. För det mesta handlar det om olösta konflikter som behövs redas ut med hjälp av pedagogen. Detta sätter press på att pedagogen har relevant kunskaper inom konflikthantering. Det krävs även ett fungerade ledarskap i klassrummet för att dessa olika redskap ska kunna fungera. Nyckelord:redskapledarskapkonflikthantering ochförebyggande strategier