The aim of my diploma thesis is to describe indirect methods that are used in the compilation of quarterly national accounts. The diploma thesis is divided into three parts and three chapters. The first chapter presents the theoretical background and describes the development of national accounts in the Czech Republic and the basic macroeconomic aggregates. The second chapter is devoted to the quarterly national accounts and mathematical and statistical methods that are used in their compilation. The third chapter describes in detail selected indirect methods, which consists in linking the indicator and aggregate. Consequently, this method is applied to the data of the Czech Republic and then quarterly estimates are constructed which are compared to actual values.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joao_ricardo_pereira_silva.pdf: 5270116 bytes, checksum: e2453cbeb125a1529e7873ffe4d87453 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Modeling studies the RAA expansion are generally limited by the difficulty due to the heterogeneity and reactive aggregate size range. This work aims to study the issue and help in developing models to predict the potential for expansion of mortar and concrete containing reactive aggregates. The paper presents measurements to provide experimental data on the effect of aggregate size expanding mortar bars. The results show that expansion was measured on mortars relating the standard from 2.4 to 0.15 mm fraction with the individual fractions 2.4; 1.2; 0.6; 0.3; 0.15 mm, where 0.3 mm fraction showed the highest growth and the lowest was the fraction 0.15 mm. You can observe the interference of particle sizes. The effect size of reactive aggregates is evaluated and the consequences of accelerated laboratory tests are discussed. / Os estudos da expansão RAA são geralmente limitados pela dificuldade devido à heterogeneidade e faixa de tamanho de agregados reativos. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar o assunto e ajudar no desenvolvimento de modelos para prever o potencial de expansão da argamassa e do concreto que contém agregados reativos. O trabalho apresenta medições a fim de fornecer dados experimentais sobre o efeito do tamanho do agregado na expansão em barras de argamassa. Os resultados mostram que a expansão medida nas argamassas relacionando a fração padrão 2,4-0,15 mm com as frações individuais 2,4; 1,2; 0,6; 0,3; 0,15 mm, onde a fração 0,6 mm apresentou a maior expansão e a menor foi à fração 0,15 mm. É possível observar a interferência das faixas granulométricas. O efeito do tamanho dos agregados reativos é avaliado e as consequências sobre os ensaios laboratoriais acelerados são discutida.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-01-29T17:34:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 maria_conceição_aguiar_nascimento.pdf: 3804537 bytes, checksum: aea07399e9de24f9fafa6060e4c467bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T17:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maria_conceição_aguiar_nascimento.pdf: 3804537 bytes, checksum: aea07399e9de24f9fafa6060e4c467bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / Brazil is the world's largest non-sugar-alcohol complex that has been expanding in recent times, driven by the advent of bioenergy, exerting a leadership in all segments. The residue generated at the end of the sugarcane bagasse milling process is used for the generation of energy by burning in boilers. At the end of the burning as residual ash are released into the environment inadequately, and may cause environmental problems due to the generation of waste as a sugarcane bagasse ash. The interest of the research is to justify the demand through a job offer from the sugarcane bagasse ash (CBC) in concrete structures, due to the large volume of generation and the concern with the environment. The objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of the conventional contract made of sugar cane residues proved from mills. The results were reported with a 0%, 20% and 40% substitution of natural sand by BCC, where this mixture may contribute to a compound more difficult than conventional concrete. It is also concluded that although the use of CBC has not significantly reduced the final value of m³ of concrete, the gain in relation to the mechanical performance was higher. It can be concluded that the specimens produced have obtained sufficient mechanical strength to be dismantled, transported and conditioned prior to use, in the same way as the referents. / O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial no complexo sucroalcooleiro que vem se expandindo nos últimos tempos, impulsionado pelo advento da bioenergia, exercendo a liderança em todos os segmentos. O resíduo gerado ao final do processo de moagem do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar é utilizado para a geração de energia por meio da queima em caldeiras. Ao final da queima as cinzas residuais são lançadas no meio ambiente de forma inadequada, podendo causar problemas ambientais em decorrência da geração de resíduos como a cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. O interesse desta pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade de se avaliar a possibilidade do emprego da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (CBC) em estruturas de concreto, devido ao grande volume de geração e a preocupação com o meio ambiente. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar o desempenho do concreto convencional confeccionado de resíduos de cana-de-açúcar proveniente de usinas. Os resultados foram apresentados com a substituição de 0%, 20% e 40% da areia natural por CBC, onde essa mistura pode contribuir para um composto mais durável que o concreto convencional. Conclui-se, também, que apesar do uso da CBC não ter diminuído significativamente o valor final do m3 do concreto, o ganho em relação ao desempenho mecânico foi maior. Pode-se concluir que os corpos-de-prova produzidos obtiveram resistência mecânica suficiente para serem desmoldados, transportados e acondicionados antes do uso, da mesma forma que os de referência.

Au cours de ces dernières années, les banques centrales principales ont adopté de nouvelles politiques monétaires considérées comme étant des politiques non conventionnelles. Ces politiques ont pour objectif de relancer la croissance économique et de maîtriser l’inflation par l’intermédiaire du marché obligataire. Dans ce travail de recherche, nous étudions l’impact de ces nouvelles pratiques monétaires sur les marchés financiers. Plus précisément, nous essayons d’explorer l’évolution du marché boursier face à la mise en œuvre de l’assouplissement quantitatif et de détecter les canaux de transmission de cette stratégie aux cours boursiers. / During the last few years, major central banks have adopted new monetary policies that were considered unconventional policies. These new measures aim to boost economic growth and control inflation through the bond market. In this research the main objective is to study the impact of these new monetary practices on the financial markets. More specifically, this dissertation tries to explore the stock market's evolution in the face of the implementation of quantitative easing and to detect the transmission channels of this strategy to stock prices.

La présente étude vise à valoriser des résidus agroindustriels comme matériaux pour l’habitat et la construction. Dans ce contexte, les travaux de recherche s’articulent autour de deux axes majeurs : le développement d’un liant alternatif et l’élaboration de matériaux composites à partir de ce liant alternatif et des matériaux végétaux. Deux liants composés utilisant des cendres de bagasse, nommés cendres de bagasse-chaux et ciment-cendres de bagasse ont été étudiés. A partir de ces liants composés, deux types de matériaux composites incluant des matériaux végétaux ont été élaborés : un composite incorporant des granulats de bagasse et de coco et un autre renforcé par des pulpes d’eucalyptus. Les propriétés physiques, chimiques, mécaniques et hydriques de ces matériaux ont été déterminées. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la calcination des cendres de bagasse à 600°C et la sélection des particules de taille inférieure à un diamètre seuil compris entre 45 et 63µm augmentent sa réactivité. Le liant composé cendres de bagasse-chaux est susceptible de développer une résistance à la compression de l’ordre de 39MPa à 28 jours, une valeur supérieure à celle des liants composés matériaux pouzzolaniques-chaux étudiés dans la littérature. Grace à sa faible alcalinité, ce liant composé préserve mieux les matériaux végétaux vis à vis de leur minéralisation et leur fragilisation comparativement au liant à base de ciment. L’incorporation de pulpes cellulosiques dans le liant composé cendres de bagasse-chaux permet d’obtenir des matériaux composites ayant des propriétés à la flexion comparables à celles d’un composite ciment-pulpes cellulosiques. / The present study aims to add value to agroindustrial residues as housing and building materials. In this context, the research works revolve around two main lines: the development of an alternative binder using agroindustrial residues and the production of composite materials from this alternative binder and plant resources. Two composed binder using bagasse ash, named bagasse ash lime and cement-bagasse ash, were optimised and produced. Using these composed binder, two kinds of composite materials including plant resources were produced: one composite developed with vegetable aggregates and another one reinforced with eucalyptus pulps. The physical, chemical, mechanical and hydric properties of these materials were investigated. The results show that the bagasse ash recalcination at 600 °C and the selection of the particles under a diameter limit (between 45 and 63 µm) improve its reactivity. Blended with slaked lime, the composed binder obtained with these parameters is likely to develop a compressive strength higher than 39 MPa at 28 days; this value is higher than the compressive strength of pouzzolanic material and lime based binder studied in the literature. In addition, due to the lower alkalinity of the interstitial solution of this composed binder, related to the lime consumption by the pouzzolanic material, it better protects vegetable materials from mineralization than the binders based on Portland cement. The incorporation of the cellulosic pulps in the composed binder lime-bagasse ash produces composite materials with a similar flexural behaviour as a composite made with cement and cellulosic pulp.

In the world there are adverse climates, climates that hinder the good construction and paving of roads, generating insecurity among the locals and visitors. This over time affects the economy of a country, as a road boosts tourism, transport and commerce. Therefore, a mixture was designed to mitigate a problem in the placement of hot asphalt mixture at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. That is, a conventional mix design was proposed, but with different types of filler (lime, Portland cement type I and silica) tested with the Marshall and Lottman method which are governed according to the EG-2013 standards [1] and parameters established in the Asphalt Institute [2]. To find the optimum, it was tested with 5.0%, 5.5% 6.0% and 6.5% asphalt cement. Then with the results obtained a comparative analysis was performed. Finally, specimens without any additives were made, the specimens once prepared at 140°C were subjected to freezing, resulting in the three types of filler, that the hot asphalt mixture with incorporation of Portland cement type I to a 5, 90% of asphalt cement is the optimum since, subject to extreme temperatures below 0°C they comply with the parameters required in the standards.

Mutant mRNA and protein both contribute to the clinical manifestation of many repeat-associated neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders. The presence of nuclear RNA clusters is a feature shared amongst these diseases, such as C9ORF72/ALS and myotonic dystrophy 1/2 (DM1/2); however, this pathological hallmark has not been conclusively demonstrated in Huntington’s disease (HD) in vivo. Investigations into HD – caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene – have largely focused on toxic protein gain-of-function as a disease-causing feature, with fewer studies investigating the role of mutant HTT mRNA in pathology or pathogenesis. Here we report that in two HD mouse models, YAC128 and BACHD-97Q-ΔN17, mutant HTT mRNA is preferentially retained in the nucleus in vivo. Furthermore, we observed the early, widespread formation of large mutant HTT mRNA clusters (approximately 0.6 to 5 µm3 in size) present in over 50-75% of striatal and cortical neurons. Affected cells were limited to one cluster at most. Endogenous wild-type mouse Htt or human HTT mRNA containing 31 or fewer repeats did not form clusters. Additionally, the aberrantly spliced N-terminal exon 1-intron 1 RNA fragment, HTT1a, also formed clusters that fully co-localized with the mutant HTT mRNA clusters. These results suggest that multiple repeat-containing transcripts can coalesce to form a single cluster in a given cell. Treating YAC128 mice with antisense oligonucleotides efficiently silenced individual HTT mRNA foci but had limited impact on clusters. Our findings identify mutant HTT mRNA clustering as an early, robust molecular signature of HD, further supporting HD as a repeat expansion disease with suspected mRNA involvement.

The current usage of both classical and fluid combustion ashes is not sufficient and they are deposited in large quantities. The focus of this master´s thesis is to determine and verify some possibilities of their suitable applications in construction industry, specifically as the alternative aggregates for concrete. After the performed analysis several systems based on both classical and fluid combustion ashes have been proposed. Portland cement and hydrated lime were used as admixtures and binding properties of fluid combustion ashes were also tested. The most important properties were compressive strength and bulk density. The aim was to appropriate an optimal ratio between the addition of modifying substance and resulting strength of prepared aggregate in order to correspond to standards for aggregates for concrete.

The subject of this work is to validate the possibility of managing the cast iron strength through residual Mg content and to determine methodically whether it is possible to exploit this technology in a foundry. It is another subject to determine the economics of the exchange of cupola furnace for electric induction furnace and methodically assess the possibilities of melting in the electric induction furnace.

Les particules de suie, issues de la combustion incomplète, peuvent, en fonction des conditions de combustion, contenir une part plus ou moins importante de composés organiques (OC/TC). Par ailleurs, dès lors que ces nanoparticules sont émises dans l'atmosphère, des composés organiques volatiles peuvent s'adsorber, formant une gangue autour de ces agrégats fractals. L'impact de cette composition initiale ou de ce « vieillissement atmosphérique » sur les propriétés morphologiques et radiatives de ces particules n'est pas bien connu. Ceci a un impact sur les modèles radiatifs climatiques mais aussi sur l'interprétation des signaux délivrés par les différents diagnostics optiques pouvant être utilisés pour la métrologie des aérosols. En particulier, ce travail vise à juger de la pertinence de l'usage de diagnostics optiques pour caractériser les particules de suie en conditions atmosphériques. Afin d'étudier l'impact des composés organiques initialement présents dans la particule ou adsorbés en post-combustion sur leurs propriétés radiatives, nous avons étudié en laboratoire des suies produites par une flamme de diffusion (miniCAST) pour différentes richesses globales et avons ajouté un revêtement organique d'acide. Dans le but de générer en laboratoire une couche d'acide oléique sur des particules de référence, un dispositif de « coating » a été mis en œuvre et qualifié. Les particules ainsi générées et recouvertes ou non, ont été caractérisées en masse (mesures TEOM), en taille (mesures SMPS) et morphologiquement (densité effective). L'épaisseur de coating ainsi que la restructuration morphologique causée par l'ajout d'une gangue de matière organique ont ainsi été quantifiées. Les propriétés radiatives, ont été mesurées par extinction spectrale (Turbidimétrie) et diffusion (diffusion angulaire et spectrale). Un effort particulier a été mené pour que des mesures expérimentales puissent valider des résultats de calculs numériques préexistants. Par ailleurs, ces différentes techniques de mesures (optiques et non optique) ont conduit à la généralisation de la théorie Rayleigh Debye Gans for Fractal Aggregates (RDG-FA) à des particules de type agrégats fractals polydispersés recouverts d'un revêtement organique (RDG-CFA). Ceci permettant d'appréhender de façon phénoménologique l'impact du coating sur les propriétés radiatives et d'entrevoir une implantation plus aisée dans les codes de simulation climatique ou pour l'interprétation des mesures optiques dans l'atmosphère. Enfin, une attention particulière a été portée sur la technique d'incandescence induite par laser (LII) afin d'étudier la faisabilité de l'application de cette technique aux particules organiques ou ayant interagi avec les composés atmosphériques au cours de leur vieillissement. / Soot particles resulting from incomplete combustion may contain a more or less important part of organic compounds (OC / TC), depending on the combustion conditions. Moreover, once these nanoparticles are emitted into the atmosphere, volatile organic compounds can adsorb, forming a coating around these fractal aggregates. The impact of the initial composition or the atmospheric aging on the morphological and radiative properties of these particles is not well known. This has an impact on the radiative climate models but also on the interpretation of the signais delivered by the different optical diagnostics that can be used for aerosol metrology. In particular, this work aims to evaluate the relevance of the use of optical diagnostics to characterize soot particles in atmospheric conditions. In order to study the impact of organic compounds initially present in the particle or adsorbed in post-combustion on their radiative properties, we have studied soot produced by a diffusion flame (miniCAST) for different global richnesses and added an organic acid coating. In order to produce an oleic acid layer on reference particles, a coating device has been implemented and qualified. Particles thus generated, coated or not, were characterized in mass (TEOM measurements), in size (SMPS measurements) and morphologically (effective density). The coating thickness as well as the morphological restructuring caused by the addition of an organic coating was thus quantified. The radiative properties were measured by spectrally resolved light extinction and scattering (angular and spectrally resolved). A special effort was made to allow experimental measurements to validate pre-existing numerical results. Moreover, these different measurement techniques (optical and non-optical) have led to the generalization of the Rayleigh Debye Gans for Fractal Aggregates (RDG-FA) theory to particles of the polydispersed fractal aggregate type coated with an organic layer (RDG-CFA). This allows to understand phenomenologically the impact of a coating on the radiative properties and to permit an easier implementation in climate simulation codes or for the interpretation of optical measurements in the atmosphere. Finally, special attention was paid to the laser induced incandescence technique (LII), to study the applicability of this technique to organic particles or having interacted with atmospheric compounds during their aging processes.