<p>This thesis investigates the possibilities to extend a tactical air combat simulator, named TACSI, with support for team behavior in fight and attack scenarios. A model for describing teamwork has been developed. The model uses plans and primitive team actions to achieve goals. A social structure is used to transfer the responsibility for making decisions from the team to a single agent within the team. Special care have been taken to allow an effctive distribution of targets within the team. In order to test the concepts of the model and to evaluate the applicability in TACSI, a limited implementation of the team behavior model have been made. The results show that the concepts of the model works and that the model is applicable in TACSI, but some things is left to be specified in order to make a complete implementation.</p>

This thesis investigates the possibilities to extend a tactical air combat simulator, named TACSI, with support for team behavior in fight and attack scenarios. A model for describing teamwork has been developed. The model uses plans and primitive team actions to achieve goals. A social structure is used to transfer the responsibility for making decisions from the team to a single agent within the team. Special care have been taken to allow an effctive distribution of targets within the team. In order to test the concepts of the model and to evaluate the applicability in TACSI, a limited implementation of the team behavior model have been made. The results show that the concepts of the model works and that the model is applicable in TACSI, but some things is left to be specified in order to make a complete implementation.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / This paper discusses Global Positioning System (GPS) Range Applications Joint Program Office (RAJPO) efforts to foster interoperability between airborne instrumentation, virtual simulators, and constructive simulations using Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS). In the past, the testing and training communities developed separate airborne instrumentation systems primarily because available technology couldn't encompass both communities' requirements. As budgets get smaller, as requirements merge, and as technology advances, the separate systems can be used interoperably and possibly merged to meet common requirements. Using DIS to bridge the gap between the RAJPO test instrumentation system and the Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation (ACMI) training systems provides a defacto system-level interoperable interface while giving both communities the added benefits of interaction with the modeling and simulation world. The RAJPO leads the test community in using DIS. RAJPO instrumentation has already supported training exercises such as Roving Sands 95, Warfighter 95, and Combat Synthetic Test, Training, and Assessment Range (STTAR) and major tests such as the Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation (JADS) Joint Test and Evaluation (JT&E) program. Future efforts may include support of Warrior Flag 97 and upgrading the Nellis No-Drop Bomb Scoring Ranges. These exercises, combining the use of DIS and RAJPO instrumentation to date, demonstrate how a single airborne system can be used successfully to support both test and training requirements. The Air Combat Training System (ACTS) Program plans to build interoperability through DIS into existing and future ACMI systems. The RAJPO is committed to fostering interoperable airborne instrumentation systems as well as interfaces to virtual and constructive systems in the modeling and simulation world. This interoperability will provide a highly realistic combat training and test synthetic environment enhancing the military's ability to train its warfighters and test its advanced weapon systems.

Efficient communication is an essential part of cooperative work, and no less so in the case of radio communication during air combat. With time being a limited resource and the consequences of a misunderstanding potentially fatal there is little room for negligence. This work is an exploratory study which combines data mining, machine learning, natural language processing and visual analytics in an effort to investigate the possibilities of using radio traffic data from air combat simulations for human performance evaluation. Both temporal and linguistic properties of the communication were analyzed, with several promising graphical results. Additionally, utterance classification was successfully attempted with mean precision and recall both over 0.9. It is hoped that more complex and to a larger extent automated data based communication analysis can be built upon the results presented in this report. / Effektiv kommunikation är en grundläggande del av god samarbetsförmåga, inte minst när det gäller radiokommunikation under luftstrid. När tid är en begränsad resurs och ett missförstånd kan få fatala följder finns inte mycket utrymme för slarv. Det här arbetet är en utforskande studie som kombinerar data mining, maskininlärning, natural language processing och visuell dataanalys i syfte att undersöka hur radiotrafikdata från luftstridssimulering skulle kunna användas för prestationsutvärdering. Såväl tidsrelaterade som språkliga egenskaper hos kommunikationen har analyserats och flera av visualiseringarna ser lovande ut. Vidare prövades med framgång att klassificera yttranden, med genomsnittlig precision och täckning över 0.9. Förhoppningen är att de resultat som presenteras i rapporten ska kunna användas som grund för vidareutveckling av mer djupgående och i större utsträckning automatiserad databaserad kommunikationsanalys.

Thesis aims at fighter combat and maneuvring - so called Dogfighting. The purpose of this work is to create intelligent autopilot based on Agent system, eligible of executing in-air maneuvers and tactics in real-time simulation. In the first part, theoretical basis of air combat will be introduced, such as weapon systems, maneuvring and tactics in mutual combat 1 on 1, odds fight 2 on 1, and last but not least mass fights. Also agent programming will be introduced, as well as recognizing of agent rules and processes and its transformation to agent language. The second part describes building of a simple graphical simulation environment based on JMonkey game engine. Agent system maintaining every single aircraft within the simulation will be created and own network socket protocol for communication between intelligent behavior and simulation environment will be discussed and documented.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / A system was developed using capabilities from the Range Applications Joint Program Office (RAJPO) GPS tracking system and the ACMI Interface System (ACINTS) to provide tracking data and visual cues to experimenters. The Mobile Advanced Range Data System (ARDS) Control System (MACS) outputs are used to provide research data in support of advanced project studies. Enhanced from a previous system, the MACS expands system capabilities to allow researchers to locate where Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) is available for incorporation into a reference data base. The System Integration Group at Veda Incorporated has been supporting Wright Laboratories in the ground-based tracking and targeting arena since 1989 with the design, development, and integration of four generations of real-time, telemetry-based tracking aids. Commencing in Q3 1995, Veda began developing a mobile, transportable system based on the RAJPO GPS tracking system. The resulting system architecture takes advantage of the front end processor (FEP) used in the three previous generations of interface systems built for Wright Laboratories, thus maximizing hardware and software reuse. The FEP provides a computational interface between the GPS tracking system and the display (operator) system. The end product is a powerful, flexible, fully mobile testbed supporting RDT&E requirements for Wright Laboratories, as well as to other U.S. and foreign research organizations. The system is rapidly reconfigurable to accommodate ground-based tracking systems as well as GPS-based systems, and its capabilities can be extended to include support for mission planning tools, insertion of virtual participants such as DIS entities, and detailed post-mission analysis.

<p>A study of communication content, frequency and problems was performed at the Swedish Air Force Air Combat Simulation Centre, FLSC. The purpose was to investigate the connection between team communication and performance variables, to study communication problems during air combat and to employ and develop the PILOT method of communication problem analysis. Ten fighter pilots and four fighter controllers engaged in simulated air combat beyond visual range in teams on two sides, Blue and Red, with four pilots and one fighter controller each. Eight such training runs lasting 15 to 25 minutes were analyzed with regard to the Blue team’s communication during launch situations, i.e. one minute before launching a missile to either missile impact of failure, and problems during whole runs. The performance of the Blue team was rated by an experienced training instructor in six of the runs. It was hypothesized that positive outcomes would be associated with high communication frequencies but low communication problem rates. Results showed that high utterance frequencies were positively associated with positive global outcomes, i.e. wins, but not associated with high instructor ratings or launching hitting missiles. Incoherent results were found for communication problems. The results were discussed and further research suggested.</p>

<p>This thesis describes the evaluation of a prototype (Illustrator) for future simulator training of Within Visual Range - combat in the Swedish Air Force. The main focus was to collect and transform user acceptance data (expert opinions) to useful guidelines for continued development. Thirteen active fighter pilots participated in the study. The aim was to use expert opinion to study a) the psychological user acceptance, and b) the technical user acceptance, of the Illustrator together with c) gathering opinions for future improvement. Three psychological aspects were rated before and after the sessions to measure psychological user acceptance. For technical user acceptance, seven fidelity levels of the Illustrator were evaluated regarding realism, limitation of performance and importance of realism after the sessions. The sessions consisted of WVR-scenarios. Four different questionnaires were used for data collection. Two fidelity levels showed to diverge from the others in many ways, and were identified as major problems by the participants. No change of the psychological aspects was found between measurements. According to the results of the evaluation, suggestions and guidelines for future development are presented. Finally, issues of interest for future research are proposed.</p>

This thesis describes the evaluation of a prototype (Illustrator) for future simulator training of Within Visual Range - combat in the Swedish Air Force. The main focus was to collect and transform user acceptance data (expert opinions) to useful guidelines for continued development. Thirteen active fighter pilots participated in the study. The aim was to use expert opinion to study a) the psychological user acceptance, and b) the technical user acceptance, of the Illustrator together with c) gathering opinions for future improvement. Three psychological aspects were rated before and after the sessions to measure psychological user acceptance. For technical user acceptance, seven fidelity levels of the Illustrator were evaluated regarding realism, limitation of performance and importance of realism after the sessions. The sessions consisted of WVR-scenarios. Four different questionnaires were used for data collection. Two fidelity levels showed to diverge from the others in many ways, and were identified as major problems by the participants. No change of the psychological aspects was found between measurements. According to the results of the evaluation, suggestions and guidelines for future development are presented. Finally, issues of interest for future research are proposed.

This thesis deals with designing a model for simulation and visualisation of air combat tactics. It introduces air combat environment and describes a process for its modeling. Thesis describes basics of air combat, its principles and importance of chosen tactics. Using Jason programming language, artificial agents are created and chosen tactics are implemented. The process of implementing tacitcs is described from analysis to final implementation. Finaly, various types of agents are tested in mock combat against each other.