Suivre et comprendre l'évolution des deux principaux gaz à effet de serre anthropogéniques (CO2 et CH4) sont des enjeux majeurs pour les sciences du climat. L'augmentation du nombre et de la diversité des observations (en surface, mesures aéroportées, satellitaires) ainsi que l'amélioration des modèles de chimie-transports atmosphériques ont contribué à développer notre compréhension des cycles biogéochimiques associés à ces gaz. Néanmoins, les observations précises le long de la verticale sont encore très limitées. Elles deviennent pourtant indispensables, d'une part, pour approfondir nos connaissances dans le transport de CO2et CH4, d'autre part, pour évaluer les colonnes totales ou partielles mesurées par satellites. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un instrument innovant appelé "AirCore" permettant d'échantillonner l'air en continu le long d'une colonne atmosphérique lors d'une descente depuis haute altitude. Différents AirCores donnant accès à différentes résolutions verticales ont été développés au LMD et déployés avec succès lors des campagnes ballons Strato-Sciences 2014, 2015 et 2016 du CNES. Les profils verticaux de AirCores ont permis de valider les estimations de colonnes partielles de CH4 réalisées avec l'instrument IASI/Metop. Des comparaisons ont été menées avec des profils troposphériques obtenus lors de campagnes aéroportées (HIPPO), ou avec des profils issus de modèles de transports (LMDz, TM5) ou de prévisions (CAMS). Les résultats ont démontré l'importance d'une bonne caractérisation de la stratosphère pour les activités de calibration/validation des mesures satellites et, plus généralement, l'étude des gaz à effet de serre. / Monitoring and understanding the evolution of the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases(carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)) are some of the major challenges in climate science. Over the past decades,the increased availability and diversity of observations (surface networks, aircraft campaigns, satellite observations)and the improvement of atmospheric transport models has allowed to increase our understanding of biogeochemicalcycles of CO2 and CH4. Nevertheless, precise vertical observations are still very rare. However, these become crucialto both properly characterize the vertical transport of the gases, as well as to fully evaluate total or partial columnsof gases retrieved from space observations.In this thesis, we present an innovative instrument called “AirCore” allowing to collect a continuous air samplealong an atmospheric column while descending from high altitude. The analysis of CO2 and CH4 mole fractions inthe collected sample combined with the measurements of an ambient parameters (Pressure, temperature...) allows toretrieve vertical profiles from the surface up to 30 km. Initially invented at NOAA, several new AirCores giving accessto various vertical resolutions have been developed at LMD and flown with success during the CNES Strato-Sciences2014, 2015, and 2016 balloon campaigns. Excellent agreement was found between profiles acquired with differentAirCores during the same flights demonstrating the repeatability of the measurements and allowing to validate thecalculation of the vertical resolution. Comparisons with measurements from independent laser diode spectrometersflown on the same gondola have confirmed that AirCore profiles capture the vertical variability of CO2 and CH4.The vertical profiles retrieved from AirCores have been allowed to validate the CH4 partial columns retrieved fromIASI/Metop at LMD and revealed that the information on the full atmospheric column is required. Comparisons havebeen performed with tropospheric profiles obtained during aircraft campaigns (HIPPO) as well as vertical profilesextracted from atmospheric transport models (LMDz,TM5) and forecast systems (CAMS). Results demonstrated theimportance of a good characterization of the stratosphere for satellite

Detta examensarbete har utförts på uppdrag av Koenigsegg Automotive AB, som utvecklar, tillverkar och säljer högpresterande sportbilar. Företaget erbjuder fälgar tillverkade helt i kolfiberkomposit, som ger betydande viktbesparingar i jämförelse med traditionella metallfälgar. Efter tillverkningen kräver fälgarna viss bearbetning vid anläggningsytan mellan fälg och däck. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka möjligheten att utföra bearbetningen av fälgarna in-house i Ängelholm, och målet har varit att konstruera en maskin för detta ändamål. Projektet inleddes med en litteratursökning, där svårigheter och möjligheter gällande bearbetning av kolfiberkompositer undersöktes. Till följd av de undersökningar som gjordes, valdes bearbetningsmetoden svarvfräsning och ett antal konstuktionskoncept genererades. Genom ett antal utvärderingar utvecklades ett speciellt koncept vidare till ett komplett produktförslag. Produktförslaget är komplett med analyser, beräkningar samt tillverkningsunderlag, som ger uppdragsgivaren bättre insikt i sina möjligheter. Även underlag som tillåter en framtida CE-märkning har tagits fram. Projektet har följt Fredy Olssons konstruktionsmetod. / The following thesis has been performed in cooperation with Koenigsegg Automotive AB, which develops, manufactures and sells high-performance sportscars. Koenigsegg offers rims made completely from carbon fiber composite, which yields substantial benefits in stiffness and weight compared to their traditional metal counterparts. After the manufacturing of the rims, some trimming is necessary in the contact surface between rim and tire. The purpose of this thesis has been to examine the possibility of performing the necessary trimming in-house in Ängelholm, by designing a special tool. The project began with a literature study, where possibilities and difficulties of machining carbon fiber composites were examined. As a result of the study, the manufacturing process turn-milling was chosen, and a number of concepts were generated. Through a series of evaluations, one concept was further developed to a final product. The suggested product is complete with calculations, analyses and drawings, which gives Koenigsegg a better insight of future possibilities. A solid foundation for future CE-marking has also been produced. The project has followed Fredy Olssons methods of Engineering Design.