The Mudawwana is a work which is traditionally credited to Saḥnūn, a legal jurist from Kairouan, North Africa in the 2nd-3rd/8th-9th century. It is one of the major legal texts at the foundation of the Mālikī madhhab named after Mālik b. Anas. The text is a large compendium of hypothetical scenarios requiring resolution. The style of the text is masāʾil, i.e. question-and-answer, between a disciple and his teacher. This research examines ancient manuscripts, commentaries and modern editions of the Mudawwana for a comparative analysis in attempting to understand the way in which the text was formed. The text will be examined in the areas of structure, content and presentation. The roles and influences of those responsible for the development of the text will be examined using definitions set out by Sebastian Günther. Discrepancies and variances amongst the manuscripts and modern editions, along with insights gleaned from the commentaries will yield a formative process in the development of the text over a period of centuries. It will be shown that although much of the content of the text was likely set by the creator of the text, various influences through the centuries by personalities and individuals fulfilling certain roles have impacted the structure and presentation of the text. The various roles in the creation of the text will be examined including author, writer, scribe, student, transmitter and editor. The influences of these various roles have developed the text further, therefore distancing it from the intentions of the creator of the original text. Structural changes were most prominent in the medieval period with kitābs within the text being bound in kurrāsas, one or more to a group. In the modern period, these nearly one hundred kitābs were then bound in multi-volume hardcover sets providing a very new presentation form for the text. Additionally, a new name was given with the publication of the first modern edition in 1323/1905, al-Mudawwana al-kubrā. The textual changes will be examined in light of these roles in order to better understand how the text has been modified and formed over the centuries. Results will demonstrate that the text of the Mudawwana has undergone three primary periods of development: formative, classical and renaissance. The roles and personalities have impacted its development in content, structure and presentation, with the latter two having been more significantly affected during its classical and renaissance stages. / Graduate / 0333 / wat@uvic.ca

The Mudawwana is a work which is traditionally credited to Saḥnūn, a legal jurist from Kairouan, North Africa in the 2nd-3rd/8th-9th century. It is one of the major legal texts at the foundation of the Mālikī madhhab named after Mālik b. Anas. The text is a large compendium of hypothetical scenarios requiring resolution. The style of the text is masāʾil, i.e. question-and-answer, between a disciple and his teacher. This research examines ancient manuscripts, commentaries and modern editions of the Mudawwana for a comparative analysis in attempting to understand the way in which the text was formed. The text will be examined in the areas of structure, content and presentation. The roles and influences of those responsible for the development of the text will be examined using definitions set out by Sebastian Günther. Discrepancies and variances amongst the manuscripts and modern editions, along with insights gleaned from the commentaries will yield a formative process in the development of the text over a period of centuries. It will be shown that although much of the content of the text was likely set by the creator of the text, various influences through the centuries by personalities and individuals fulfilling certain roles have impacted the structure and presentation of the text. The various roles in the creation of the text will be examined including author, writer, scribe, student, transmitter and editor. The influences of these various roles have developed the text further, therefore distancing it from the intentions of the creator of the original text. Structural changes were most prominent in the medieval period with kitābs within the text being bound in kurrāsas, one or more to a group. In the modern period, these nearly one hundred kitābs were then bound in multi-volume hardcover sets providing a very new presentation form for the text. Additionally, a new name was given with the publication of the first modern edition in 1323/1905, al-Mudawwana al-kubrā. The textual changes will be examined in light of these roles in order to better understand how the text has been modified and formed over the centuries. Results will demonstrate that the text of the Mudawwana has undergone three primary periods of development: formative, classical and renaissance. The roles and personalities have impacted its development in content, structure and presentation, with the latter two having been more significantly affected during its classical and renaissance stages. / Graduate / 2015-04-22 / 0333 / wat@uvic.ca

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1981. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 3-19).

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Fachbereich "Aussereuropäische Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften"--Frankfurt am Main--Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 1982. / Bibliogr. p. 282-309. Index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophisch-historische Fakultät--Universität Bern, 1986.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1981. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 3-19).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This study is concerned with the biography of Atabeg Zangi and the conditions prevailing during his reign; it contains a survey of relevant sources and notes on modern works which render information reflecting the subject. It is in six chapters together with an appendix concerning his titles. The first of the chapters endeavours to portray the background to his life by a biographical survey of his childhood, training and youthful development, the changing circumstances of which finally produced the great and even ruthless Atabeg who ruled Mosul. In the second chapter his service to the Seliuqs in the East and West are discussed. The struggles for power between the Maliks and Zangi's involvement with them is its theme, together with the role played by the 'Abbasid Caliphate. Chapter three deals with Zangi's conflicts with the Latin States in the East. His wars against the Crusaders are discussed here as also are their dealings with the Atabegs of Damascus, followed by Zangi's endeavours to rule that city. An expedition led by the Byzantine Emperor, John II Comnenus, is described in chapter four. In this, his project for the capture of the Muslim towns In Syria is the chief topic as is also Zangi's reaction against the Byzantines. In chapter five, the Turcomans and Zangi's operations against them in Shahrazur, the Artuqids in Hisn Kayfa and Mardin and the Kurds in the north of Mosul are the main theme. The final and sixth chapter which deals with the revolt of Malik Farrukh-Shah, for whom Zangi acted as Atabeg, and the siege of Qal'at Ja'bar, ends with the murder of Zangi during this, his last operation.

No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre as ligas AA7050- T7451 e AA2050-T84, bem como entre as direções L-T e T-L para analisar o comportamento das ligas, quando submetidos à temperatura ambiente e criogênica. Para realizar a análise comparativa entre as ligas e entre as direções, foram utilizados corpos de prova tipo C(T) (Compacto Tension), pré-trincados em fadiga. A análise comportamental das ligas foram avaliadas através dos ensaios de tenacidade à fratura, KIC, Curva KR, fadiga, da/dN. A microestrutura foi caracterizada através da microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Foi observado que na direção L-T há uma maior resistência à propagação da trinca em relação à direção T-L, no que diz respeito à Curva KR, tanto para temperatura ambiente quanto para temperatura criogênica. Quando comparou-se as duas ligas na direção L-T em temperatura ambiente, ambas apresentaram um fator de intensidade de tensão similar. Os resultados dos ensaios de fadiga mostraram que a direção T-L é mais sensível à razão de carga. Analisando os resultados entre as direções L-T e T-L, observou-se que as duas ligas apresentaram comportamento anisotrópico. / A comparative study was made of the AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84 alloys and of the L-T and T-L directions to analyze the behavior of the alloys when subjected to room and cryogenic temperatures. The comparative analyses of the alloys and directions were performed using fatigue-precracked compact tension (CT) test specimens. The behavior of the alloys was analyzed based on fracture toughness, KIC, KR curve, fatigue, and da/dN tests. Their microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The KR curve indicated that resistance to crack propagation was higher in the L-T direction than in the T-L direction at both room and cryogenic temperatures. In a comparison of the two alloys in the L-T direction at room temperature, they were found to present a similar stress intensity factor. The results of the fatigue tests demonstrated that the T-L direction is more sensitive to the load ratio. An analysis of the results in the L-T and T-L directions indicated that the two alloys exhibited anisotropic behavior.

La tesis se compone de dos tomos: el primero en español y el segundo en árabe. El tomo I, comienza con una parte introductoria, se concluye con las conclusiones y acaba con la bibliografía, como partes periféricas. Las dos partes principales son la primera de estudio y la segunda de la traducción de la "lnāla I-'ilmiyya" de lbn Luyūn. La primera parte de estudio, trata la biografía del autor Abū I-Ḥasan al-Šuštarī y de sus obras en prosa. En cuanto a la biografía de al-Šuštarī, tratamos varios de sus aspectos: su formación, sus viajes y lugares de paso, sus maestros sufíes, la ṭarīqas con las que tuvo contacto, etc. Especial hincapié se ha hecho sobre la relación de al-Šuštarī con su principal maestro sufí, 'Abd al-Ḥaqq lbn Sab'īn. En ello se han recogido las ocasiones en las que al-Šuštarī menciona a lbn Sab'īn, en sus obras. A su vez, se ha vista conveniente tratar algunas "Rasā'il" de lbn Sab'īn, en ellas hallar aspectos y datos concretos que ilustran los métodos de la ṭarīqa I-sab'īniyya. AI-Šuštarī era miembro destacado de esta "ṭarīqa" y dentro de la misma ocupaba funciones vitales y estratégicas en cuanto al asesoramiento espiritual de los faquires cofrades. Pero también se encargaba de la parte logística, sobre todo la organización de los viajes que organizaba en compañía de numerosos faquires cofrades. AI-Šuštarī practicaba y predicaba la modalidad del sufismo viajero. Durante el desarrollo de esta primera parte del tomo I, de la biografía de al-Šuštarī, se ha comprobado que algunos datos carecen de argumentos. A destacar que se ha demostrado que al-Šuštarī no se desvinculó de su maestro lbn Sab'īn, y por tanto no hubo ninguna "ṭarīqa šuštariyya" independiente de la "ṭarīqa I-sab'īniyya". Esta opinión es una versión repetida conjeturada por 'Alī Sāmī al-Naššār y recogida por su alumno M. al-'Adlūnī, editor de la "lnāla l-'ilmiyya" de Ibn Luyūn. A continuación, el estudio expone los datos sobre las obras en prosa de al-Šuštarī. En más profundidad se han tratado dos de sus obras relevantes: "al-Maqālīd al-wuŷūdiyya" y la "risāla I-Bagdādiyya". Después hemos comparado la "lnāla l-'ilmiyya" de lbn Luyūn, que es resumen de la "Risāla l-'alamiyya" de al-Šuštarī, con esta última, para llegar a la exposición de los contenidos de la "lnāla" y la "Risāla". La segunda parte, del primero tomo I, se ocupa de la traducción española de la "lnāla l-'ilmiyya". Traducción de estilo literario y con método filológico, dotada de referencias extratextuales que remiten a las posibles fuentes de la "lnāla" y la "Risāla". El segundo tomo árabe es la nueva edición de la "lnāla l-'ilmiyya" de ibn Luyūn. La necesidad de una nueva edición es debida a que la única existente, de M. al-'Adlūnī, es deficiente y también hemos localizado dos nuevos manuscritos que este último no conocía, ni utilizó. Hemos usado el manuscrito de la Biblioteca General de Tetuán (ڌط) como base y lo hemos cotejado con el manuscrito de al-Jizāna l-Dāwudiyya (د) y con la edición de M. al-'Adlūnī. Es decir que el cuerpo del texto editado recoge el texto del manuscrito de Tetuán (ڌط), y que en las notas a pie de página se registran las variantes y las diferencias del manuscrito(د), y el texto editado por M. al-'Adlūnī. Dado que el manuscrito base (ڌط), es más completo, contiene muy pocos errores, además de estar vocalizado, su texto es más correcto, entonces, prevalece sobre las variantes que constan en el manuscrito (د) y las de la edición de M. al-'Adlūnī. Debido a esta comparación de los textos, la mayoría de las notas a pie de página están dedicadas a la fijación del texto de nuestra edición. Y por tanto las referencias de los hadices, más de 300, se han recogido en una tabla/índice al final del texto editado. El segundo Tomo, de la edición árabe, finaliza con unas 17 páginas que hemos sacado de la "Risāla I-'alamiyya" original de al-Šuštarī. "Al-lnāla I-'ilmiyya" de lbn Luyūn es un resumen de la "Risāla l-'alamiyya". En la parte de estudio, tomo l, habíamos comparado el testo de ambas obras y habíamos analizado el método de lbn Luyūn en su resumen. Durante esta comparación hemos notado que hay alrededor de 17 páginas seguidas de "al-Risāla I-'alamiyya" que están ausentes sus contenidos en la "lnāla" resumen de la "Risāla". Considerando que la "lnāla" de lbn Luyūn y la "Risāla" de al-Šuštarī son dos obras independientes, hemos optado por respetar el texto de la "lnāla" y no injertar partes de la "Risāla" de al-Šuštarī dentro del texto de la "lnāla" de lbn Luyūn. Por este motivo hemos recogido aparte las 17 páginas de la "Risāla I-'alamiyya" de al-Šuštarī, en un anexo al final de nuestra edición al texto de la "lnāla l-'ilmiyya" de lbn Luyūn.