A two-step protocol has been devised as a rapid and selective alternative to conventional differential extraction techniques with an increased recovery of DNA. The protocol involves pressure cycling with the Barocycler® NEP 2320 from Pressure Biosciences. Inc. in alkaline conditions for epithelial cell lysis and removal. This step is followed by alkaline lysis at 95º C for extraction of sperm cell DNA. At 1:1 or 2:1 female to male cell ratios, high selectivity and complete separation can be achieved. But at higher ratios, male allelic dropout is observed. This protocol has been modified to generate a clean male profile at a 20:1 cell ratio through optimization of NaOH concentration and inclusion of an additional pressure cycling step. Validation studies have been performed to assess the efficiency of this method under various conditions. An additional immunomagnetic cell capture pretreatment allowed for nearly complete separation at cell ratios of up to 200:1.

The assemblage of ca. 6–4 Ma volcanic rocks exposed at the Sagehen Research station in the Truckee-Tahoe region of the northern Sierra Nevada, United States, is interpreted to be, within the Ancestral Cascades volcanic arc, a Lassen-type stratovolcano complex. Sagehen is of particular importance because it is one of the few Tertiary arc volcanic centres in California which has not been heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene. The volcanic rocks are variably porphyritic or aphanitic, including abundant plagioclase with clinopyroxene and amphibole. The rocks range from basalt to basaltic-andesite to andesite in composition. Basalts are olivineand clinopyroxene-bearing with minor phenocrysts of plagioclase. The basaltic-andesites are primarily pyroxene bearing while the andesites contain pyroxene-, plagioclase- and hornblende porphyritic phases. Sagehen arc lavas are calc-alkaline and enriched in the large ion lithophile elements and depleted in High Field Strength Elements. The basalts are depleted in Zr and Hf while the andesites are enriched with Zr and Hf relative to the middle rare earth elements. Compared to previously studied Ancestral Cascade arc samples, Sagehen region basalts have lower 143Nd/144Nd isotopic values that do not correspond to proposed mantle-lithosphere mixing lines, while the andesite samples appear to represent the interplay of these two components on a 87Sr/86Sr vs. 143Nd/144Nd. The trace element data and isotopic plots suggest that the melts that produced the basalts are from subduction modified mantle wedge peridotites that ponded near the base of the lithosphere similar to the generation of other subduction related calc-alkaline lavas along convergent continental margins. The andesitic samples appear to be the result of further modification through crustal assimilation as seen in the higher isotopic Sr contents in the andesites and Ce/Smpmn vs. Tb/Ybpmn plots. Finally, the proposed map units from Sylvester & Raines (2007) were found to contain various geochemical facies based on the samples collected indicating that some map units may have to be redefined or sub-divided.

Dans ce travail, nous présentons une étude originale de l'utilisation des catalyseurs basiques solides dans la réaction de transestérification des acrylates. La réaction de l'acrylate d'éthyle avec le n-hexanol a été choisie comme réaction modèle. Les catalyseurs employés, à base d'alumines modifiées par des ions alcalins, alcalino-terreux ou fluorures, se sont avérés être actifs et sélectifs dans la réaction de transestérification, réalisée en conditions douces, sans solvant, en utilisant un rapport stoéchiométrique des réactifs. Les réactions secondaires ont été identifiées comme étant des réactions d'addition de Michael. Nous avons mis en évidence que la réaction de transestérification se produit sur des sites basiques faibles, le catalyseur Ca(NO3)2/ γ-Al2O3 ayant montré la sélectivité la plus élevée en acrylate d'hexyle (> 90%) pour une conversion supérieure à 60%. L'étude du recyclage du catalyseur nous a permis de déterminer les facteurs les plus influents tels que le contact du catalyseur avec le CO2 et l'eau ainsi que la teneur en fer de l'alumine employée comme support. Ces facteurs sont déterminants pour le recyclage du catalyseur, qui peut alors être recyclé jusqu'à 4 fois dans la réaction de transesterification de l'acrylate d'éthyle par le n-hexanol sans observer de changements significatifs de la conversion et de la sélectivité / We present an original study of the use of solid basic catalysts in the transesterification reaction of acrylates. The reaction of ethyl acrylate with n-hexanol was chosen as model reaction. The catalysts employed, based on alumina modified with alkalin, alkalin earth, and fluoride ions were shown to be active and selective for the reaction of transesterification reaction carried out under mild conditions, without solvent, using a stoechiometric amount of reactants . The secondary reactions were identified as Michael addition reactions. We demonstrated that the transesterification reaction occurs on weak basic sites, the catalyst Ca (NO3)2 /γ-Al2O3 has shown the highest selectivity in the hexyl acrylate (> 90%) for conversion greater than 60%. The study of the catalyst recycling allowed to determine the most influential factors such as the catalysts contact between CO2 and water as well as the iron content of the alumina support. These factors are critical to the success of the catalyst recycling, which was done four times in the reaction of transesterification of ethyl acrylate with n-hexanol without observing significant changes in the conversion and selectivity

Différentes techniques spectroscopiques (impédancemétrie électrique, RMN, IR et Raman) ont été utilisées pour étudier la mobilité ionique de deux séries de verres binaires de borate d’alcalins (Li₂O-B₂O₃ et Na₂O-B₂O₃) dans une large gamme de composition en relation avec la structure, aussi bien dans l’état solide que dans l’état fondu. Nous avons ainsi établi un bilan complet de l’évolution de la structure du réseau vitreux à température ambiante en fonction de la teneur en oxyde d’alcalin M₂O. Alors que B₂O₃ n’est formé que d’unités BO₃, organisées en anneaux boroxol reliés par des chaînes, l’ajout d’alcalins entraîne l’apparition d’unités BO₄- incorporées dans différents groupements borate. Parallèlement, les chaînes et les boroxols disparaissent progressivement. A partir de 20% en M₂O, les alcalins commencent à jouer un rôle de modificateurs de réseau vitreux en cassant des liaisons, entrainant la formation d’oxygènes non-pontants (NBO). Leur proportion augmente rapidement de telle sorte qu’à partir de 40% de M₂O, la teneur en BO₄- rediminue. L’association de deux dispositifs de mesure de l’impédance complexe a permis d’obtenir des valeurs fiables de la conductivité sur un intervalle de température très étendu allant du solide jusqu’à l’état fondu. En dessous de Tg, la conductivité statique suit une loi d’Arrhenius. Sa valeur augmente avec la teneur en M₂O, toutefois, deux changements de régime sont observés : le premier vers 32% de M₂O coïncide avec l’anomalie de bore et peut être relié à la formation d’un nombre important de NBO, le second, est observé dans la série Na vers 10-20% de Na₂O et serait provoqué par une compaction du réseau. En passant à l’état fondu, la conductivité augmente de façon considérable et suit une loi VFT. Nous avons observé que l’anomalie de bore persiste à l’état fondu, mais se déplace vers les basses teneurs en M₂O. / Different spectroscopic techniques (electrical impedancemetry, NMR, IR and Raman) have been used to study ionic mobility of two series of binary alkaline borate glasses (Li₂O-B₂O3 and Na₂O-B₂O₃) in a wide range of composition in relation to their structure, both in the solid and molten state. We have thus established a complete description of the structural evolution of the vitreous network at ambient temperature as a function of the alkaline oxide M₂O content. While B₂O₃ is only formed of BO₃ units, organized in boroxol rings linked by chains, the alkaline addition leads to the appearance of BO₄- units incorporated in different borate groups. At the same time, chains and boroxols disappear gradually. From 20% M₂O, the alkalines start to play the role of vitreous network modifiers by breaking bonds, resulting in the formation of non-bridging oxygens (NBO). Their proportion increases rapidly so that, from 40% M₂O, the BO₄- content decreases. The association of two devices for measuring the complex impedance enabled us to obtain reliable values of the conductivity over a very extended temperature range from the solid to the molten state. Below Tg, the static conductivity follows Arrhenius law. Its value increases with the M₂O content, however, two changes are observed: the first towards 32% M₂O coincides with the so-called boron anomaly and can be related to the formation of a large number of NBO, the second, is observed in the Na series towards 10-20% Na₂O and is caused by network compaction. When passing to the molten state, the conductivity increases considerably and follows a VFT law. We observed that the boron anomaly persists in the molten state, but moves to lower M₂O contents.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação do ultra-som (US) de 1 MHz comparando as freqüências de repetição de pulso de 100 Hz e 16 Hz na recuperação da fratura de fíbula, por análise morfológica e bioquímica, entre animais tratados e não-tratados. Foram utilizados 60 ratos machos albinos Wistar divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: referência, controle, tratados com US com freqüência de repetição de pulso de 16 Hz ou 100 Hz. Os animais dos grupos tratado e controle foram submetidos a uma fratura com perda óssea da fíbula direita. O tratamento teve início 24 h após a fratura, durante 5 dias por semana, com intensidade de 0,5 W/'CM POT.2', modo pulsado 1/5, freqüência de repetição de pulso a 100 Hz ou 16 Hz, por 3 min/dia. No 7°, 14º e 21º dia após a indução da fratura foi realizada coleta do sangue através de punção cardíaca para quantificação dos níveis de fosfatase alcalina e cálcio sérico e em seguida os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e a fíbula foi removida para análise histológica. Foram determinadas a densidade de matriz óssea, condrócitos e fibroblastos. Os níveis de fosfatase alcalina e cálcio foram significativamente (P < '10 POT.-7') diferentes nos grupos experimentais. A densidade de matriz óssea, condrócitos e fibroblastos também foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos experimentais. O tratamento com US acelerou a regeneração óssea e modulou os níveis sanguíneos de fosfatase alcalina e cálcio, sendo que, o US pulsado com freqüência de repetição de pulso a 100 Hz e freqüência de base da 1 MHz demonstrou ser mais eficaz / The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of 1 MHz ultrasound application, comparing the 100 Hz and 16 Hz pulse repetition frequency in the recovering of fibula fracture, using morphological and biochemical analysis, between treated and non-treated animals. We used 60 male albino Wistar rats divided into 4 experimental groups: reference; control; treated with 100 Hz or 16 Hz pulse repetition frequency ultrasound. The treatment began 24 h after fracturing, lasted for 5 days per week, with 0.5 W/'CM POT. 2', pulsed mode 1/5, pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz or 16 Hz, for 3 min a day. In the 7th, 14th and 21st after fracture induction, blood was collected through cardiac punction to alkaline phosphatase and calcium levels quantification and following that, the animals were euthanised and the fibula was removed to histological analysis. The bone matrix, condrocytes and fibroblasts densityes were determined. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and calcium were significantly (P < '10 POT.-7') different among the experimental group. The bone matrix, condrocytes and fibroblasts densities were significantly different among experimental groups. The US treatment accelerated the bone regeneration and modulated the alkaline phosphatase and calcium blood levels, being the pulsed US with 100 Hz pulse repetition frequency and base current 1 MHz the most efficient

This diploma thesis deals with the use of various types of bran as a by-product in the milling of cereals. Mills create a huge amount of this material per year. The most common way of processing bran is mostly incineration and to a lesser extent it is used as feed for livestock. Depending on the type of cereal, bran contains 10-20% of protein, which disappears from the food chain due to combustion. Within the framework of sustainability and valorisation of waste, which has recently been largely discussed, great emphasis is placed on waste minimization whether in the field of its production or further processing. Due to the relatively high protein content, bran appears to be a suitable starting material to produce protein supplements. Proteins can be extracted from bran based on their different solubility at different pH. In the alkaline method, the proteins are first dissolved in an alkaline pH and then precipitated in an acidic medium. Lyophilization is followed by characterization of the extract in terms of yield, protein content, moisture, amino acid profile and digestibility. The highest yield was obtained with the oat bran isolate (13,5 ± 0,6 g of isolate per 100 g of bran). In terms of protein content, the best protein isolate was also obtained from oat bran (95,2 ± 0,4% protein in the isolate). Another determination was the analysis of the amino acid profile, in which a high content of arginine was found in all analyzed protein isolates from bran. Determination of digestibility showed very good digestibility of all produced protein extracts from bran.

Alkali-activated materials (AAM) are construction materials with great potential, especially for their environmental friendliness, but also due to their mechanical properties. Therefore, it is appropriate to pay further attention to these binders. This diploma thesis deals with monitoring the effectiveness of plasticizers in connection with the surface chemistry of the alkali-activated slag system. Sodium hydroxide and sodium water glass were used as alkaline activators for the preparation of alkali-activated blast furnace slag-based systems. To study the effectiveness of the lignosulfonate plasticizer, yield stress, heat flow, adsorption and zeta potential were monitored depending on the amount and time that the plasticizer was added to the system. The results show that the type of activator used in the mixtures plays an important role. NaOH-activated samples revealed the best efficiency of lignosulfonate plasticizers. A key factor in studying the behavior of the studied mixtures was the measurement of the zeta potential, which provided insight into the surface charge of blast furnace slag particles related to the ability of lignosulfonate to adsorb on grains of alkali-activated slag.

V této diplomové práci je popsána přechodná transfekce buněk 293 HEK adaptovaných na růst při suspenzní kultivaci bez přítomnosti séra za použití polyethyleniminů (PEI). Buňky byly transfekovány plasmidem pcDNA5/SEAP, který exprimuje sekretovanou formu lidské placentální alkalické fosfatázy. K porovnání účinnosti jednotlivých transfekcí byla měřena koncentrace exprimované fosfatázy v buněčném supernatantu. Cílem této práce bylo optimalizovat různé faktory ovlivňující účinnost transfekcí s důrazem na nalezení optimálního poměru DNA:PEI.

This master´s thesis deals with the suppression of the growing of algae in cooling towers. Subject of the work is suggestion and testing surface modification of the existing mature concrete in order to suppress the growth of algae. In the frame surface modification, several commercially available and newly developed systems were tested. Testing systems are based on the basis of portland cement, geopolymers or formation of insoluble complex compounds containing metal elements (Zn, Cu). Experimental methods were applied in the real environment of cooling towers of Dukovany Nuclear power plant.

The subject of this graduation thesis is low-cost alkaline power cells and especially electrodes with alternative catalyst made of MnOx + dopant. The thesis expands the bachelor´s thesis [1] and previous research [4] [12] [13] [14]. Volt-ampere characteristics and power characteristics of the katodes for AFC, subsidized with various dopants, are the outcome of this project. The project presents the optimalisation of preparation process of AFC electrodes. The aim is to prepair several electrodes with identical construction, which varies only with the type of the dopant.