Rhodium complexes bearing multidentate nitrogen donor ligands were investigated for their ability to promote alkyne and olefin functionalization reactions. This thesis work is comprised of two projects in which rhodium-heteroatom reactivity is investigated: P-H bond activation reactions and olefin functionalizations via rhodaoxetane intermediates. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2] [Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate] and [Tp*Rh(cod)]2 (cod = cyclooctadiene) were evaluated for their activity in alkyne hydrophosphinylation in comparison to known catalysts for this reaction. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2]and [Tp*Rh(cod)]2 were both shown to effect hydrophosphinylation of 1-octyne with diphenylphosphine oxide with high regioselectivity but moderate yields in comparison with Wilkinson's catalyst [C1Rh(PPh3)3]. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2] was further shown to effect hydrophosphinylation of a range of aromatic and aliphatic alkynes with diphenylphosphine oxide, in each case exclusively providing the E-linear vinylphosphineoxide product. 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy provided evidence that alkyne hydrophosphinylation in the presence of pyrazolylborate rhodium complexes follows an analogous mechanism to that proposed for this reaction catalyzed by [C1Rh(PPh3)3] or[C1Rh(cod)]2. The 2-rhodaoxetane [(TPA)Rhmec2_,-4u, 0-2-oxyethypr BPh4- (TPA = tris[(2-pyridal)methyl]amine) was investigated for its potential as an intermediate in proposed functionalization reactions of olefins. RTPA)Rh111(K2-C,0-2-oxyethyl)]+ BPh4- was prepared by two published methods with limited success. A third method involved the use of nitrous oxide to oxygenate [(12-ethene)(K4-TPA)Rh1]+ to RTPA)Rh1110(-2-C,0-2-oxyethyDr. Only a trace amount of [(TPA)Rhmoc2 -C,0-2-oxyethypr was observed in the 1I-1 NMR spectrum of this reaction mixture. Initial test reactions of [(TPA)Rhilioc2_C,0-2-oxyethypr combined with substrates (aniline, toluenesulfonamide, phenylboronic acid, or benzaldehyde) were inconclusive since the results were obscured by the impurity of the samples.

Rhodium complexes bearing multidentate nitrogen donor ligands were investigated for their ability to promote alkyne and olefin functionalization reactions. This thesis work is comprised of two projects in which rhodium-heteroatom reactivity is investigated: P-H bond activation reactions and olefin functionalizations via rhodaoxetane intermediates. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2] [Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate] and [Tp*Rh(cod)]2 (cod = cyclooctadiene) were evaluated for their activity in alkyne hydrophosphinylation in comparison to known catalysts for this reaction. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2]and [Tp*Rh(cod)]2 were both shown to effect hydrophosphinylation of 1-octyne with diphenylphosphine oxide with high regioselectivity but moderate yields in comparison with Wilkinson's catalyst [C1Rh(PPh3)3]. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2] was further shown to effect hydrophosphinylation of a range of aromatic and aliphatic alkynes with diphenylphosphine oxide, in each case exclusively providing the E-linear vinylphosphineoxide product. 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy provided evidence that alkyne hydrophosphinylation in the presence of pyrazolylborate rhodium complexes follows an analogous mechanism to that proposed for this reaction catalyzed by [C1Rh(PPh3)3] or[C1Rh(cod)]2. The 2-rhodaoxetane [(TPA)Rhmec2_,-4u, 0-2-oxyethypr BPh4- (TPA = tris[(2-pyridal)methyl]amine) was investigated for its potential as an intermediate in proposed functionalization reactions of olefins. RTPA)Rh111(K2-C,0-2-oxyethyl)]+ BPh4- was prepared by two published methods with limited success. A third method involved the use of nitrous oxide to oxygenate [(12-ethene)(K4-TPA)Rh1]+ to RTPA)Rh1110(-2-C,0-2-oxyethyDr. Only a trace amount of [(TPA)Rhmoc2 -C,0-2-oxyethypr was observed in the 1I-1 NMR spectrum of this reaction mixture. Initial test reactions of [(TPA)Rhilioc2_C,0-2-oxyethypr combined with substrates (aniline, toluenesulfonamide, phenylboronic acid, or benzaldehyde) were inconclusive since the results were obscured by the impurity of the samples.

Rhodium complexes bearing multidentate nitrogen donor ligands were investigated for their ability to promote alkyne and olefin functionalization reactions. This thesis work is comprised of two projects in which rhodium-heteroatom reactivity is investigated: P-H bond activation reactions and olefin functionalizations via rhodaoxetane intermediates. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2] [Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate] and [Tp*Rh(cod)]2 (cod = cyclooctadiene) were evaluated for their activity in alkyne hydrophosphinylation in comparison to known catalysts for this reaction. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2]and [Tp*Rh(cod)]2 were both shown to effect hydrophosphinylation of 1-octyne with diphenylphosphine oxide with high regioselectivity but moderate yields in comparison with Wilkinson's catalyst [C1Rh(PPh3)3]. [Tp*Rh(PPh3)2] was further shown to effect hydrophosphinylation of a range of aromatic and aliphatic alkynes with diphenylphosphine oxide, in each case exclusively providing the E-linear vinylphosphineoxide product. 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy provided evidence that alkyne hydrophosphinylation in the presence of pyrazolylborate rhodium complexes follows an analogous mechanism to that proposed for this reaction catalyzed by [C1Rh(PPh3)3] or[C1Rh(cod)]2. The 2-rhodaoxetane [(TPA)Rhmec2_,-4u, 0-2-oxyethypr BPh4- (TPA = tris[(2-pyridal)methyl]amine) was investigated for its potential as an intermediate in proposed functionalization reactions of olefins. RTPA)Rh111(K2-C,0-2-oxyethyl)]+ BPh4- was prepared by two published methods with limited success. A third method involved the use of nitrous oxide to oxygenate [(12-ethene)(K4-TPA)Rh1]+ to RTPA)Rh1110(-2-C,0-2-oxyethyDr. Only a trace amount of [(TPA)Rhmoc2 -C,0-2-oxyethypr was observed in the 1I-1 NMR spectrum of this reaction mixture. Initial test reactions of [(TPA)Rhilioc2_C,0-2-oxyethypr combined with substrates (aniline, toluenesulfonamide, phenylboronic acid, or benzaldehyde) were inconclusive since the results were obscured by the impurity of the samples. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

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Ce projet de recherche mené en collaboration avec le CTP (Centre Technique du papier) a eu comme objectif de mettre en place une stratégie de greffage de polymères sur des fibres de cellulose via « Chimie Click » dans l’eau et dans des conditions douces et respectueuses de l’environnement afin de conférer de nouvelles propriétés mécaniques aux papiers résultants. La première étape a été d’élaborer une fonctionnalisation alcyne des fibres dans des conditions douces – dans l’eau ou dans un mélange eau/isopropanol – permettant à la fois une fonctionnalisation conséquente tout en préservant la cristallinité de la cellulose, la structure fibre et les propriétés mécaniques. Différentes méthodes de microscopie ont été utilisées pour mieux comprendre l’impact de la fonctionnalisation sur les propriétés mécaniques. Afin d’améliorer les propriétés mécaniques du papier, le greffage sur les fibres de polyéthers d’alkyle fonctionnalisés azoture a été réalisé dans l’eau par cycloaddition de Huisgen d’azoture-alcyne catalysée par le cuivre (II) (CuAAC). Plusieurs polymères de natures différentes (poly(éthylène glycol) et poly[(éthylène glycol)-stat-(propylène glycol)]), de différentes masses molaires et fonctionnalités (mono- ou difonctionnels) ont été liés aux fibres de cellulose. L’ajout de chaînes de poly(éthylène glycol) s’est avéré avoir un effet lubrifiant entraînant une légère diminution de l’indice de traction mais une augmentation importante de la flexibilité du papier. De plus, le greffage de polymères difonctionnels a démontré des propriétés originales de résistance à l’eau sans changer la nature hydrophile des fibres de cellulose. Enfin, le couplage Thiol-Yne a permis de fixer de petites molécules hydrosolubles fonctionnalisées thiol sur des fibres modifiées alcyne en s’affranchissant du cuivre nécessaire à la réalisation de la réaction de CuAAC. / This research project, in collaboration with CTP (Centre Technique du Papier), aimed at developing chemical pathway in water to graft polymers on cellulose fibers via “Click Chemistry” in eco-friendly and non-degrading conditions conferring new mechanical properties upon the resulting paper sheets. A first step was to develop a “green” alkyne derivatization method in mild conditions – through pure water or water/isopropanol mixture – allowing for a substantial alkyne functionalization without jeopardizing the cellulose crystallinity, the fiber structure, and maintaining good mechanical properties of the cellulose fibers and resulting paper sheets. To better understand how the functionalization impacts the mechanical properties, several microscopy methods were employed. Then, aiming at improving mechanical properties of the resulting paper, grafting of azidefunctionalized polyoxyalkylenes on alkyne-modified fibers was achieved via Copper(II)-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (CuAAC) in pure water. Water soluble polymers of different nature (poly(ethylene glycol) or poly[(ethylene glycol)-stat-(propylene glycol)]), with different molar mass and functionality (one or two azide groups per macromolecular chain) were successfully attached on cellulose fibers. Grafting of PEG chains involved a slight decrease of the tensile index but a drastic increase of the flexibility of the paper sheet. Interestingly, fibers grafted with difunctional polymers demonstrated an original water resistance maintaining the hydrophilic nature of fibers. Finally, Thiol-Yne reaction was successfully carried out to attach small water soluble thiol-bearing reagents on alkyne-functionalized fibers in water as a metal-free alternative to CuAAC reaction.