Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4857_1.pdf: 1653912 bytes, checksum: fa27a80f0afd0f74ec13a74b17072bdc (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Constituída por cerca de 60 gêneros e 850 espécies, Amaryllidaceae s.s. possui ampla distribuição geográfica. No Brasil ocorrem aproximadamente 15 gêneros e um número estimado de 150 espécies, das quais cerca de 30 nomes foram propostos como nativas da região nordeste. Visando colaborar para o conhecimento das espécies nativas da região, foi elaborado o levantamento de representantes de Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. nordestinas, bem como também foram realizados estudos morfológicos, anatômicos e palinológicos como subsídios à sua taxonomia. Foram identificadas 23 espécies, sendo 21 representantes de Amaryllidaceae s.s. pertencentes aos gêneros Griffinia, Habranthus, Hippeastrum, Hymenocallis e Zephyranthes e duas espécies de Nothoscordum (Alliaceae s.s.). A forma das folhas e escapos, número de flores por inflorescências, posição do ovário, simetria floral e comprimento do hipanto são algumas das mais importantes características morfológicas utilizadas para o reconhecimento interespecífico. Estruturalmente, os caracteres foliares e dos escapos podem atuar como diagnósticos para a segregação de agrupamentos em nível de família, gêneros ou espécies. Laticíferos foram detectados apenas em Nothoscordum pernambucanum, enquanto que a ausência de colênquima nos escapos e presença de cavidades de ar exclusivamente esquizógenas segregam Habranthus e Zephyranthes candida, respectivamente, das demais espécies. Escapo biconvexo é um caráter exclusivo de Griffinia e Hymenocalllis. A forma da folhas, em ST, é diversa em Habranthus. Assim como, Hippeastrum puniceum distingue-se de Hip. stylosum por apresentar floema nacarado. A segregação do grupo aqui analisado através do conjunto de caracteres anatômicos pode ser mais seguramente empregada em nível genérico. Todas as espécies apresentaram grãos de pólen em mônades, heteropolar-bilaterais, monossulcados e âmbito elíptico/elipsoidal. Foram detectadas características diagnósticas com relação ao padrão de ornamentação, destacando Hippeastrum stylosum e Hymenocallis littoralis por possuirem grãos de pólen com calotas equatoriais. Os dados macro e micromorfológicos observados dentre os táxons analisados responderam, com ressalvas, à taxonomia do grupo

Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS) / Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This project was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMDLA) in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. The doses of 200 (mg/kg, i.p.) and 400 (mg/kg, i.p.) of the leaf methanol extract of T. Violacae significantly delayed the onset of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion in a dose dependent manner. Leaf methanol extract of the plant species (200 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the incidence of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion while 400 mg/kg (i.p.) protected only one mouse against the tonic convulsion. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea (100mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly affect the onset or incidence of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)- induce tonic convulsion. Phenobarbitone (12 mg/kg, i.p.), diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and muscimol (2mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and also significantly reduced the number of animals convulsing. Muscimol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly affect the onset or incidence of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion. However, combined therapy of sub effective doses of the leaf methanol extract of T. Violacea (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and muscimol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of PTZ (100mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and but did not significantly reduce the number of animals convulsing. The combined therapy of sub effective doses of the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and muscimol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) protected two of the mice against the tonic convulsion. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea (100-400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly and dose dependently delayed the onset of tonic convulsion produced by bicuculline (30 mg/kg, i.p.), picrotoxin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or NMDLA (400 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion but did not affect the incidence of any of the convulsions. Phenobarbitone (12 mg/kg, i.p.), diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or muscimol (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of bicuculline (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or picrotoxin (20 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and also significantly reduced the number of animals convulsing. Phenobarbitone (12 mg/kg, i.p.) or diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) did affect significantly affect the onset or incidence of NMDLA (400 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion. LY233053 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of tonic convulsion produced by NMDLA (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and also significantly reduced the number of animals convulsing. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea (200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion but did not significantly affect the number of mice convulsing. The dose of 100 mg/kg (i.p.) of leaf methanol extract of T. violacea did not significantly affect the onset or incidence of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion. Phenobarbitone (12 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and also significantly reduced the number of animals convulsing. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly delay the onset of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and also did not significantly affect the number of mice convulsing. Phenytoin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or DMSO (0.25 ml, i.p.) did not significantly affect the onset or incidence of bicuculline (30 mg/kg, i.p.), picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA-induced tonic convulsion. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea may be greater than 4000 mg/kg. The HPLC fingerprint of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea showed distinct peaks at the following retention times, 2.911, 3.269, 4.010, 7.597, and 15.122 min. The results obtained in this study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea has anticonvulsant activity. The results obtained also indicate that GABA, glutamic acid and glycine mechanisms may probably be involved in the anticonvulsant activity of the plant extract. The relatively high LD50 obtained for the plant species, given orally, indicate that it is safe in mice.

Tulbaghia (Alliaceae) is a genus of plants with medicinal, ornamental and nutritive value. Different plant parts such as roots, bulbs, leaves and flowers are used in the treatment of a variety of conditions. The bulbs of Tulbaghia violacea are used as a remedy for pulmonary tuberculosis as well as an anthelmintic. Due to the extensive harvesting of plants in this genus, the genus is susceptible to overexploitation and may eventually become threatened with extinction. It was therefore the aim of this study to systematically examine the micropropagation of Tulbaghia ludwigiana and Tulbaghia violacea, as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of micropropagated plants. Seeds of T. ludwigiana and T. violacea were successfully decontaminated using 70% ethanol, 1% Benlate and 3.5% NaOCl. Temperature played a significant role in the germination of both species while light did not play a significant role in this process. Light did not play a significant role in the stomatal density of T. violacea seedlings. Hypocotyls were the regenerative part of the seedlings in both species. A low number of shoots was yielded by the combination of various concentrations of NAA and mTR in the growth medium in both species. There were more isoprenoid cytokinins than there were aromatic cytokinins in each of the seedling sections of T. violacea that were analysed, with tZ being the predominant isoprenoid cytokinin, while BA was the predominant aromatic cytokinin. Shoots of both species were successfully rooted in a medium with IBA, while some shoots had simultaneously rooted during shoot multiplication. Potting soil and vermiculite were used in the acclimatization of both species, where T. violacea plantlets acclimatized successfully. This was not the case for T. ludwigiana. Micropropagated T. violacea plantlets contained higher concentrations of phytochemical compounds and displayed better antibacterial activity than outdoor-grown plants. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de s'intéresser à la chimie des substances naturelles (extraction et caractérisation des molécules issues des forêts de Guyane) et d'étudier des extraits ou familles de molécules naturelles ayant des propriétés inhibitrices de la corrosion du zinc. Dans la première partie du document, un screening de plantes a été effectué. Celles dont les extraits ont présenté les propriétés inhibitrices les plus intéressantes - la Mansoa alliaceae et la Bagassa guianensis -ont été sélectionnées parmi les Il plantes étudiées. Dans la seconde partie du document, différentes techniques électrochimiques ont été utilisées- la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique (SEI) et la polarisationlinéaire (PL)- afin de calculer les taux d'inhibition et de remonter aux mécanismes réactionnels caractérisant l'inhibition. Ainsi, le rôle des paramètres tels que le mode d'extraction et le milieu corrosif (ASTM et NaCI3%) sur le taux d'inhibition ont été étudiés. Ces travaux ont débouché sur de nombreux résultats expérimentaux nouveaux et notamment un modèle dynamique prenant en compte l'efficacité de l'inhibiteur en fonction de sa concentration dans le milieu / The objective of this thesis is to focus on the chemistry of na tura! substances (extraction and characterization of molecules from forests of French Guiana) and to study extracts or families ofnatural molecules with inhibiting properties of zinc corrosion. In the first part of the document, a screening of plants was made. Those whose extracts have shown the most interesting potential inhibitors - the Mansoa alliaceae and Bagassa guianensis - were selected among the Il plants studied. In the second part of the paper, different electrochemical techniques were used - the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization (LP) - to calculate the inhibition rate and to understand the reaction mechanisms characterizing the inhibition. Thus, the role of parameters such as the method of extraction and the corrosive medium (ASTM and NaCI3%) on the inhibition rate were studied. This work bas led to many new experimental results including a dynamic mode! taking into account the effectiveness of the inhibitor according to its concentration in the medium

This work concerns the amount of certain phenols in some of the representatives of families Alliaceae, Lamiaceae and Apiaceae. Phenols in plants are widely represented and highly concentrated. Flavonoids are one of the smallest, yet quite significant classes of phenols. Ingestion of food containing flavonoids can prevent certain diseases such as Arteriosclerosis. cardiovascular and tumor diseases. This work focuses, for their special biological effects, on five flavonoids: Kaempferol, Quercetin, Myricetin, Apigenin and Luteolin. For determining the content of phenols a method of High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used. Three representative of the family Alliaceae, two representatives of the family Lamiaceae and three representatives of the family Apiaceae were analysed. Only edible parts of the plants were used for the analysis and the amount of phenols was compared in certain plants planted in beddings to the plants planted in greenhouses. At first, the qualitative representantion of phenols was ascertained by the HPLC method. The result is chromatographic profiles, which were then used in calculating the amount of particular phenols. Then the total amounts of kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, apigenin and luteolin were found out thanks to HPLC method. The biggest amount of total kaempferol was determined in petroselium hortense planted in beddings (588 mg/kg of fresh sample) and in a greenhouse (340 mg/kg of fresh sample). The biggest amount of quercetin was determined in red onion planted in a greenhouse (773 mg/kg of fresh sample) and in ocimum basilicum planted in beddings (535 mg/kg of fresh sample). The biggest amount of apigenin was determined in petroselium hortense planted in a greenhouse (1790 mg/kg of fresh sample) and in petroselium chrispum planted in beddings (3690 mg/kg of fresh sample).