Les critères de répartition des compétences contentieuses sont, primairement, autant d’outils découverts et utilisés par le Tribunal des conflits pour réaliser et optimiser son office. Ceci dit, ils représentent par leur nombre et leur diversité d’objets une difficulté tangible pour le juriste et le justiciable qui, au commencement de tout contentieux, se doivent de déterminer nécessairement l’ordre de juridiction apte à connaître du litige. Appréhender et comprendre la répartition des compétences suppose donc d’élucider les réelles fonctions à attribuer à ces critères et, plus largement, de théoriser la méthode et le raisonnement tenu par le juge répartiteur à leur égard. Aussi, l’étude croisée des différents outils de compétences révèle-t-elle que penser les critères de répartition comme des transcriptions de rapports de droit public ou de rapports de droit privé revient à pouvoir conceptualiser la répartition des compétences en termes de relations. C’est en effet au regard du lien obligationnel à la base du litige que le qualificateur en arrive à déterminer la nature juridique tant de l’un que de l’autre et en déduit ainsi, suivant une corrélation désignée, le juge compétent pour en connaître. Mieux encore, c’est en asseyant par cette vision chaque individu au litige à la place qui est la sienne, et ce en correspondance du contexte qui entoure le pourquoi de sa connaissance de l’autre, que s’effectuent l’identification de la situation dialogique mis en cause et celle des potentielles spécificités qui la caractérisent. Il s’en désigne alors presque automatiquement le cheminement déductif vers un critère de répartition en particulier, lequel constitue d’ailleurs aussi bien l’aboutissement que l’explication de ce raisonnement. / Primary, the criteria for distributing litigation competences are as many tools found and used by the Tribunal of Conflicts to achieve its office. Further, due to their amount and the diversity of their purposes they stand for a concrete difficulty for both the lawyer and the litigant as they must necessarily determine the competent jurisdiction – judiciary or administrative – from the beginning of the litigation. It is then compulsory to seize and understand first how they are distributed. Once this classification completed, their real functions can be found out, leading us at last to theorize the method and reasoning of the Tribunal when the latter uses them.By consequence, the cross study of these different tools brings to light “public law links” and “private law links”, so that the competences distribution can be thought more broadly as a web of links. Everything works here as a chain reaction: from the obligational link at the base of the litigation, the link as well as the litigation can be qualified and then, the competent jurisdiction for ruling can be designated. The domino effect works also the other way, because the process gives each party the place he or she deserves depending on the context and their dialogic situation with all its specificities at the same time, underlining the deductive path followed by the Tribunal of Conflicts to opt for the criterion. Finally, the criterion for distributing litigation skills is the Alpha and the Omega of the Tribunal of Conflicts’ reasoning.

<p>Adaptive Resource Allocating Vector Quantizer (ARAVQ) är en teknik för datareducering för mobila robotar. Tekniken har visats framgångsrik i enkla miljöer och det har spekulerats i att den kan fungera som ett generellt datautvinningsverktyg för tidsserier. I rapporten presenteras experiment där ARAVQ används som datareducerare på en artificiell respektive en fysiologisk datamängd inom en datautvinningskontext. Dessa datamängder skiljer sig från tidigare robotikmiljöer i och med att de beskriver objekt med diffusa eller överlappande gränser i indatarymden. Varje datamängd klassificeras efter datareduceringen med hjälp av artificiella neuronnät. Resultatet från experimenten tyder på att klassificering med ARAVQ som datareducerare uppnår ett betydligt lägre resultat än om ARAVQ inte används som datareducerare. Detta antas delvis bero på den låga generaliserbarheten hos de lösningar som skapas av ARAVQ. I diskussionen föreslås att ARAVQ skall kompletteras med en funktion för grannskap, motsvarande den som finns i Self-Organizing Map. Med ett grannskap behålls relationerna mellan de kluster som ARAVQ skapar, vilket antas minska följderna av att en beskrivning hamnar i ett grannkluster</p>

Adaptive Resource Allocating Vector Quantizer (ARAVQ) är en teknik för datareducering för mobila robotar. Tekniken har visats framgångsrik i enkla miljöer och det har spekulerats i att den kan fungera som ett generellt datautvinningsverktyg för tidsserier. I rapporten presenteras experiment där ARAVQ används som datareducerare på en artificiell respektive en fysiologisk datamängd inom en datautvinningskontext. Dessa datamängder skiljer sig från tidigare robotikmiljöer i och med att de beskriver objekt med diffusa eller överlappande gränser i indatarymden. Varje datamängd klassificeras efter datareduceringen med hjälp av artificiella neuronnät. Resultatet från experimenten tyder på att klassificering med ARAVQ som datareducerare uppnår ett betydligt lägre resultat än om ARAVQ inte används som datareducerare. Detta antas delvis bero på den låga generaliserbarheten hos de lösningar som skapas av ARAVQ. I diskussionen föreslås att ARAVQ skall kompletteras med en funktion för grannskap, motsvarande den som finns i Self-Organizing Map. Med ett grannskap behålls relationerna mellan de kluster som ARAVQ skapar, vilket antas minska följderna av att en beskrivning hamnar i ett grannkluster

This study evaluates whether there is a capital gain yield in the athletic investment decision allocating university resources to any component of athletics (teams, facilities, equipment, etc.) at any institution. The data for testing is analyzed by using the NET PRESENT VALUE MODEL which is composed of initial outlays, operating cash flows at time t, and cost of capital. This analysis will estimate if the investment decisions are correct or not.

Project portfolio management (PPM) is considered a central part for achieving intended strategies for organisations. However, only a percentage of strategies are actually realised, and whilst much previous research has focused on the formulation of strategies, less has been directed towards the realisation. To gain further understanding of how PPM can contribute to realising strategies, this thesis studied the PPM activities of selecting projects and allocating resources, and related challenges when trying to achieve a strategically aligned project portfolio in a matrix organisation. A qualitative case study was performed at a pharmaceutical production company in Stockholm referred to as Medex. An abductive research approach was used, and the data was thematically analysed whilst striving to achieve triangulation. The study was divided into a pre-study and a main study consisting of a total of 15 semi-structured interviews with participants at different positions within the organisation, in parallel to the collection of secondary data from Medex’s intranet.    The study indicate that it is a challenge for a matrix organisation to align projects to strategy through project objectives, and that it is rather project values’ strong connection to strategy that provide a clear link between projects and strategy. It further suggests that using project value for linking projects to strategy can increase the understanding of the motivation of project priorities, as well as creating a foundation for determining if the allocation of resources is oriented towards strategy. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the challenge and necessity for top management to base their decisions on sufficient and reliable information. Moreover, the selection of projects must be performed in accordance with available resource capacity, which highlights the need for strong connections between short-, medium- and long-term resource allocation. Furthermore, the study emphasises the need for a structured way of evaluating PPM processes to improve and address associated challenges. Additionally, the high competition between resources in a matrix organisation is depicted and the study indicates that a strong focus on profits can limit the possibility of achieving a strategically aligned project portfolio. While the study is based on a single case, the findings can be regarded as transferable, at varying extents, to other companies of similar size and organisational structure as well.

With the increasing complexity in construction projects, monitoring project schedule and managing projects effectively is becoming increasingly important. Most projects being deadline oriented, timely completion becomes a must. Like every industry, the construction industry too lays a lot of emphasis on timely completion which makes it necessary to monitor the project schedule very closely. A schedule overrun is never predicted at the start of the project but during the course of the project, even the slightest change can result in delays. As per the current scheduling practices, float is considered free. It is an expiring resource and hence the party to the use the float first owns the float. The concept endorsed by the court for analyzing delay claims is the proximate cause concept. As per this concept, the party which is the immediate cause to a particular delay is held responsible for that delay irrespective of what has happened before in the project. Due the ambiguous nature of its interpretation, the present concept on float management has now become one the primary reasons for disputes amongst the participating parties. Parties in contract are always trying to appropriate float to suit their interests. This is why total float management has gained this level of importance in today's industry. To handle this issue of total float management more efficiently, Dr. Prateapusanond (2003) proposes a new concept of total float management as an effort towards a more fair and equitable system. This concept respects the dynamic nature of construction projects and recognizes float to be an asset for both parties. The new concept proposes to allocate float in the ratio 50:50 between the parties at the start of the project. This pre-allocated float owned by each party is called the Allowable Total Float (ATF). The implementation of this concept ensures that the parties are now aware that consumption of float in a way that it affects critical activities will expose them potential damages. This concept is an effort towards a more fair and equitable system for total float management. It appears impressive on paper but its practicality and applicability remains a major concern. This research is aimed at testing the practicality of the proposed concept of pre-allocation of total float. It introduces bookkeeping procedures that will facilitate the application of the concept of Pre-allocation of total float. These procedures have been developed and tested on certain case studies to make sure that they are robust. Once their ability to handle scheduling issues is determined, the bookkeeping procedure along with the concept of pre-allocation of total float is applied to a real construction project. This research presents an in depth analysis of the nature of the proposed concept of pre-allocation of total float, the scheduling issues which this concept does not address to, and certain assumptions which could be used in conjunction with the present concept to make it robust in nature. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T13:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 UEFS - Dissertacao - Marcia Rosa.pdf: 1933540 bytes, checksum: db8809df1eeadbe0a91103b9d7008417 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-17 / The object of this paper was the process of financial management that to be in focus on the flow of financial resources since the origin as far as the immediate results of health activities. The objective, here, was to analyze municipal management of financial resources of Unified National Health System (SUS). This paper is a single study case that obtained in the documental analyses the evidence sources. The date financial were collected and analyzed through of the four table s proposal by National Health Accounts (NHA) and compared with the documental date. The characteristics of the service provider and of the activities were detailed carefully because of the methodology powerful with high the date separation. The result of research showed profile of date municipal resource: the federal government contributed to 82% of incomes, after municipality contributed to 17%, and, less participation the state that contributed to 1% of incomes. To point the Total Income of R$ 608,5 per capita and the pantry per capita of the 16 unities of the PSF (Family Health Program) vary from R$ 465,4 to R$ 62,3 per capita/unity/year. The Public Pantry with Health (GPS) per capita was R$ 261/hab/year. The PIB per cent that corresponded GPS was 4,4%. The proportion of incomes allocated to the hospitals was 47%, and ambulatory unities 44% showing a different profile of the another municipalities studied. The activities carried by Family Health Program Unities in 2005 were predominant Actions executed by nurse profession (38%); Actions basic medicines (28%) and Actions basic dentist (19%). Conclusion: a low capacity of collection taxes in 2005 year and co-financial insufficient of State. About health financial management of municipal system realized a planning process occurring in parallel; little coincide of LOA and PMS aims; a mask budget execution. The health responsibilities were carried partial proper sub-financial of three government sphere and the financing the federal government totally linked, taking the municipally co-finance what was prioritized by Union, and however, do not remain self municipal incomes to invest in local priorities. / O objeto deste estudo ? o processo de gest?o financeira focado no fluxo dos recursos desde a sua origem at? os resultados mais imediatos, as atividades de sa?de. O objetivo, aqui, ? analisar a gest?o municipal dos recursos financeiros do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de. Trata-se de um estudo de caso ?nico, que teve na an?lise documental a principal fonte de evid?ncias. Os dados financeiros foram coletados e analisados atrav?s de quatro tabelas propostas pelo National Helth Acounts (NHA) e comparados com as fontes documentais. As caracter?sticas dos provedores de servi?os e das atividades foram detalhadas ami?de devido ? potencializa??o da metodologia com a elevada desagrega??o dos dados. O resultado da pesquisa mostrou o perfil das fontes de recursos municipais: o governo federal contribuiu com 82% das receitas, seguido do munic?pio (17%) e, com a menor participa??o, o Estado (1%). Destaca-se a Receita Total de R$ 608,5 per capita; e os gastos per capita das 16 unidades do PSF variaram de R$ 465,4 a R$ 62,3 per capita/unidade/ano. O Gasto P?blico com Sa?de (GPS) per capita foi R$ 261/hab./ano. O porcentual do PIB que correspondeu ao GPS foi 4,4%. A propor??o de recursos alocados para os hospitais foi 47% e para as unidades ambulatoriais 44%, revelando um perfil diferenciado de outros munic?pios j? estudados. As atividades realizadas pelas Unidades de Sa?de da Fam?lia em 2005 foram redominantemente A??es executadas por profissionais de enfermagem (38%); A??es m?dicas b?sicas (28%) e A??es b?sicas em odontologia (19%). Concluiu-se que houve uma baixa capacidade de arrecada??o de impostos no ano de 2005 e um co-financiamento irris?rio do estado. Sobre a gest?o financeira da sa?de do sistema municipal percebeu-se: processos de planejamento ocorrendo paralelamente; pouca coincid?ncia dos objetivos da LOA e PMS; e um mascaramento da execu??o or?ament?ria. As responsabilidades sanit?rias foram parcialmente cumpridas devido ao sub-financiamento das tr?s esferas de governo e ao financiamento do governo federal totalmente vinculado, levando ao munic?pio co-financiar o que foi priorizado pela Uni?o e, por conseguinte, n?o sobrou recursos pr?prios para investir nas prioridades locais.