An algorithm is presented for game-tree searching that is shown under fairly general but formally specifiable conditions to be more sparing of computational resource than classical alpha-beta minimax. The algorithm was programmed in POP-2 and compared experimentally with alpha-beta searching on randomly generated trees, and the results are presented. A machine for solving deep chess combinations was built from micro-electronic circuits. The general game-tree searching algorithm was embedded in the machine together with a chess-specific algorithm. The chess-specific algorithm and the hardware of the machine are described. The results of running the machine on selected chess positions are presented. Deficiencies in the performance of the machine are described and improvements suggested. The problem of generating human-oriented descriptions of combinatorial problems was considered using chess tactics as a domain. A system is described for finding causal motivations for moves in a chess game-tree. The chess machine was interfaced to a main-frame computer and programs were written which ran interactively with the chess machine to produce humanly understandable explanations of the combinations solved The system was tested on selected positions and the results presented. Deficiencies in the performance of the system are analysed and solutions suggested based on extensions of the underlying algorithm. Applicability of these methods is discussed to combinatorial problems encountered in industry and defence.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important metabolic stress-sensing protein kinase responsible for regulating metabolism in response to changing energy demand and nutrient supply. Mammalian AMPK is a stable aß? heterotrimer comprising a catalytic a subunit and two non-catalytic subunits, ß and ?. The ß subunit targets AMPK to membranes via an N-terminal myristoyl group and to glycogen via a mid-molecule glycogen-binding domain. Here I show that the conserved C-terminal 85-residue sequence of the ß subunit, ß1(186-270), is sufficient to form an active AMP-dependent heterotrimer a1ß1(186-270)?1, whereas the 25-residue ß1 C-terminal (246-270) sequence is sufficient to bind ?1, ?2, or ?3 but not the a subunit. Within this sequence (246-270), two residues were essential for ß? association based on Ala scanning mutagenesis. / Substitution of ß1 Tyr-267 for Ala precludes ß? but not aß association suggesting independent binding requirements. Substitution of Tyr-267 for Phe or His but not Ala or Ser can rescue ß? binding. Substitution of Thr-263 for Ala also resulted in decreased ß? but not aß association. Truncation of the a subunit reveals that ß1 binding requires the a1(313-473) sequence while the remainder of the a C-terminus is required for ? binding. The conserved C-terminal 85-residue sequence of the ß subunit (90% between ß1 and ß2) is the primary a? binding sequence responsible for the formation of the AMPK aß? heterotrimer. The ? subunits contain four repeat CBS sequences with variable N-terminal extensions and the ?1 isoform is N-terminally acetylated. The ?2 subunit can be multiply phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro, with Ser-32 identified as a minor site. A detailed understanding of the structure and regulation of AMPK will enable rational drug design for treatment of such linked diseases as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Introdução: A rede lisossômica é um complexo de vias metabólicas que influenciam processos como degradação de organelas danificadas ou senescentes, processamento de antígenos, reutilização de aminoácidos essenciais e, em última instância, um sistema de fundamental importância para a fisiologia celular normal. Nesse contexto, os lisossomos possuem uma relevância muito grande, uma vez que é nessa organela que ocorre a destruição das moléculas envolvidas em todos os processos citados acima. Entre as unidades operacionais nos lisossomos estão as hidrolases lisossômicas, que são mais de 50 enzimas com capacidade, em ambiente ácido, de realizar a quebra de substratos específicos. A GlcNAc-fosfotransferase é um complexo hexamérico (J2K2L2) residente na porção cis do complexo de Golgi que realiza a adição de resíduos de manose-6- fosfato nas cadeias de oligossacarídeos das hidrolases lisossômicas. Com ação subsequente, a enzima descobridora realiza a remoção da manose, expõe os resíduos de fosfato e possibilita que as hidrolases sejam reconhecidas pelos receptores de manose-6- fosfato e direcionadas aos compartimentos lisossomais. As subunidades J e K da GlcNAc-fosfotransferase são codificadas pelo gene GNPTAB, localizado no cromossomo 12, constituído de 21 éxons, e a subunidade L pelo gene GNPTG, localizado no cromossomo 16, constituído de 11 éxons. Alterações patogênicas em GNPTAB podem causar as doenças Mucolipidose II ou III alfa/beta e alterações em GNPTG causam a doença Mucolipidose III gama. O defeito genético leva à atividade residual, ou nula, da enzima que acaba por gerar o extravasamento das hidrolases lisossômicas ao meio extracelular e o acúmulo de substratos nos lisossomos. Objetivos: (1) caracterizar as alterações patogênicas em GNPTAB em um grupo de pacientes brasileiros não relacionados com Mucolipidose II ou III alfa/beta, e (2) definir um protocolo de pesquisa molecular para os pacientes brasileiros. Metodologia: É um estudo transversal, com amostragem por conveniência, e inclui pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e bioquímico de Mucolipidose II ou III. Foi extraído DNA genômico dos pacientes a partir de sangue obtido por punção venosa periférica. O gene GNPTAB foi sequenciado através da técnica de Sanger. As alterações do tipo troca de sentido foram analisadas pelos programas de Bioinformática Polyphen2, Sift e Consurf, e as preditas como patogênicas foram pesquisadas em alelos controles brasileiros e analisadas por estudos funcionais, quando possível. A geração de construtos das alterações p.Ser385Leu e c.3503_3504delTC foi realizada por mutagênese sítio-dirigida e a atividade residual destes foi avaliada 24 horas após expressão em células HEK. Para a análise financeira, valores atuais de equipamentos, reagente de biologia molecular e materiais plásticos foram utilizados para estimar o custo de uma extração de DNA, reação de PCR, purificação com PEG8000 e sequenciamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 13 pacientes (ML II= 8; ML III= 5) e, adicionalmente, de uma mãe de paciente com diagnóstico clínico e bioquímico de ML II. A análise molecular identificou seis alterações patogênicas novas, as c.831delT, c.1763insA, c.1927delAATT, p.Ser385Leu, p.(Asp76Gly) e p.Try1111*. A análise de bioinformática das alterações do tipo troca de sentido as caracterizaram como prejudiciais para a função da proteína e os resíduos 76 e 385 como estrutural e funcional, respectivamente, além de ambos como altamente conservados entre as espécies. A análise funcional dos mutantes p.Ser385Leu e c.3503_3504delTC identificaram atividades residuais de 1,5% e nula, respectivamente. Também foram identificadas outras seis alterações patogênicas previamente descritas. A alteração c.3503_3504delTC foi a que apresentou a maior frequência (40%, n= 10/25 alelos), seguido pela p.Ile403The (12%, n=3/25 alelos). Quanto às relações genótipo-fenótipo, sete pacientes com ML II possuem genótipos combinados de alterações do tipo mudança de fase de leitura e sem sentido, enquanto que os cincos pacientes com ML III alfa/beta apresentam pelo menos uma alteração do tipo troca de sentido, o que evidencia a relação entre alterações que impactam a funcionalidade da proteína e fenótipos mais graves. A análise retrospectiva definiu o protocolo 1.0 que finalizaria o diagnóstico com um custo médio de R$ 338,45, em uma amostra de 25 pacientes. A análise prospectiva do protocolo 2.0, sobre a mesma amostra de pacientes, indicou que o mesmo finalizaria o diagnóstico com o custo médio de R$ 299,80, uma economia de 25%. Discussão/Conclusão: As novas alterações patogênicas descritas nesse trabalho confirmam a alta heterogeneidade alélica do gene GNPTAB. A análise funcional da alteração p.Ser385Leu confirma sua patogenicidade, que está de acordo com o fenótipo ML II do paciente, e evidencia a necessidade de mais estudos a fim de constatar o motivo desse resíduo ser importante para a proteína. A síntese dos protocolos demonstrou ser uma estratégia interessante e economicamente importante, uma vez que diminui os gastos envolvidos para finalizar o diagnóstico molecular. / Introduction: The lysosomal network is a complex of metabolic ways that influence processes like damaged or senescent organelles degradation, antigen processing, essential amino acid reutilization, and, in the last instance, it is important for normal cell physiology. In this context, lysosomes have a great relevance since it is in this organelle that the destruction of the molecules involved in all the processes mentioned above occurs. The operational units in the lysosomes are the lysosomal hydrolases that are more than 50 enzymes with capacity, in an acid environment, to breakdown specific substrates. GlcNAc-phosphotransferase is a hexameric complex (J2K2L2) located in the cis portion of the Golgi complex that performs the addition of mannose-6-phosphate residues in oligosaccharides chains on lysosomal hydrolases. In a subsequent way, the uncovering enzyme removes the mannose residues, exposes the phosphate residues, and enables the recognition of hydrolases by mannose-6-phosphate receptors. The J and K subunits are codified by GNPTAB gene, which is located in chromosome 12 and consists of 21 exons, and the L subunit, encoded by GNPTG gene, that is located in chromosome 16 and consists of 11 exons. The consequences of pathogenic alterations in GNPTAB are Mucolipidosis II or III alpha/beta diseases and alterations in the GNPTG are Mucolipidosis III gamma disease. The genetic defect leads to residual or absent activity of enzyme which ultimately generates an overflow of lysosomal hydrolases to the extracellular environment and accumulation of substrates in lysosomes. Objectives: (1) to characterize, by sequencing of the GNPTAB gene, the pathogenic alterations in a group of unrelated Brazilian patients with Mucolipidosis II or III alpha/beta, and (2) to define a molecular research protocol for Brazilian patients. Methodology: It is a crosssectional study with convenience sampling, and it includes patients with biochemical and clinical diagnosis of Mucolipidosis II or III. The DNA was amplified by PCR technique and sequencing by Sanger technique. All patients in the present study had all exons amplified. The missense alterations were analyzed by Polyphen2, Sift, and ConSurf softwares, and the alterations predicted as pathogenic were studied through research in Brazilian control alleles. The p.Ser385Leu and c.3503_3504delTC were evaluated by site-direct mutagenesis and the residual activity was evaluated 24 hours after expression in HEK cells, through radioactive assays. For cost-price analysis, current values for equipment, molecular biology reagents, and plastic materials were utilized to estimate the cost of DNA extraction, PCR reaction, PEG8000 purification, and sequencing. Results: Of the 13 patients, 8 were clinically diagnosed with Mucolipidosis II and 5 with Mucolipidosis III alpha/beta and, additionally, a mother of one patient with biochemical and clinical diagnosis of Mucolipidosis II was also analyzed. The DNA analysis identified six novel pathogenic alterations in GNPTAB: c.831delT, c.1763insA, c.1927delAATT, p.Ser385Leu, p.(Asp76Gly), and p.Tyr1111*. The bioinformatics analysis of missense alterations were characterized as damaging for protein function, and residues 76 and 385 as structural and functional, respectively, and both as highly conserved among the species. The functional analysis of mutants p.Ser385Leu and c.3503_3504delTC showed the residual activity of GlcNAcphosphotransferase of 1.5% and 0%, respectively. Six others pathogenic alterations previously described were also identified. The alteration c.3503_3504delTC showed the highest frequency (40%, n=10/25 alleles) followed by p.Ile403The (12%, n=3/25 alleles). The retrospective analysis defined the 1.0 protocol that finalized the molecular diagnosis at the cost of R$ 338,45 per sample, in a group of 25 patients. The prospective analysis of 2.0 protocol, in the same patients, indicated that it would finalize diagnosis at the cost of R$ 299,80 per sample, a saving of 25%. Discussion/Conclusion: The novel pathogenic alterations described confirm the high allelic heterogeneity of GNPTAB gene. In the genotype-phenotype relationship, 7 patients with Mucolipidosis II have combined genotype of frameshift or nonsense alterations, or both, and 5 Mucolipidosis III alpha/beta patients have at least one missense alteration, that shows the correlation between alterations that cause impact on the protein function and severe phenotype. The functional analysis of alteration p.Ser385Leu confirms its pathogenicity and makes evident the need of more studies in order to determine the reason this residue is so important for protein function. Protocol synthesis proves to be an interesting and economically important strategy, once it decreases costs to conclude the molecular diagnosis.

Introdução: A rede lisossômica é um complexo de vias metabólicas que influenciam processos como degradação de organelas danificadas ou senescentes, processamento de antígenos, reutilização de aminoácidos essenciais e, em última instância, um sistema de fundamental importância para a fisiologia celular normal. Nesse contexto, os lisossomos possuem uma relevância muito grande, uma vez que é nessa organela que ocorre a destruição das moléculas envolvidas em todos os processos citados acima. Entre as unidades operacionais nos lisossomos estão as hidrolases lisossômicas, que são mais de 50 enzimas com capacidade, em ambiente ácido, de realizar a quebra de substratos específicos. A GlcNAc-fosfotransferase é um complexo hexamérico (J2K2L2) residente na porção cis do complexo de Golgi que realiza a adição de resíduos de manose-6- fosfato nas cadeias de oligossacarídeos das hidrolases lisossômicas. Com ação subsequente, a enzima descobridora realiza a remoção da manose, expõe os resíduos de fosfato e possibilita que as hidrolases sejam reconhecidas pelos receptores de manose-6- fosfato e direcionadas aos compartimentos lisossomais. As subunidades J e K da GlcNAc-fosfotransferase são codificadas pelo gene GNPTAB, localizado no cromossomo 12, constituído de 21 éxons, e a subunidade L pelo gene GNPTG, localizado no cromossomo 16, constituído de 11 éxons. Alterações patogênicas em GNPTAB podem causar as doenças Mucolipidose II ou III alfa/beta e alterações em GNPTG causam a doença Mucolipidose III gama. O defeito genético leva à atividade residual, ou nula, da enzima que acaba por gerar o extravasamento das hidrolases lisossômicas ao meio extracelular e o acúmulo de substratos nos lisossomos. Objetivos: (1) caracterizar as alterações patogênicas em GNPTAB em um grupo de pacientes brasileiros não relacionados com Mucolipidose II ou III alfa/beta, e (2) definir um protocolo de pesquisa molecular para os pacientes brasileiros. Metodologia: É um estudo transversal, com amostragem por conveniência, e inclui pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e bioquímico de Mucolipidose II ou III. Foi extraído DNA genômico dos pacientes a partir de sangue obtido por punção venosa periférica. O gene GNPTAB foi sequenciado através da técnica de Sanger. As alterações do tipo troca de sentido foram analisadas pelos programas de Bioinformática Polyphen2, Sift e Consurf, e as preditas como patogênicas foram pesquisadas em alelos controles brasileiros e analisadas por estudos funcionais, quando possível. A geração de construtos das alterações p.Ser385Leu e c.3503_3504delTC foi realizada por mutagênese sítio-dirigida e a atividade residual destes foi avaliada 24 horas após expressão em células HEK. Para a análise financeira, valores atuais de equipamentos, reagente de biologia molecular e materiais plásticos foram utilizados para estimar o custo de uma extração de DNA, reação de PCR, purificação com PEG8000 e sequenciamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 13 pacientes (ML II= 8; ML III= 5) e, adicionalmente, de uma mãe de paciente com diagnóstico clínico e bioquímico de ML II. A análise molecular identificou seis alterações patogênicas novas, as c.831delT, c.1763insA, c.1927delAATT, p.Ser385Leu, p.(Asp76Gly) e p.Try1111*. A análise de bioinformática das alterações do tipo troca de sentido as caracterizaram como prejudiciais para a função da proteína e os resíduos 76 e 385 como estrutural e funcional, respectivamente, além de ambos como altamente conservados entre as espécies. A análise funcional dos mutantes p.Ser385Leu e c.3503_3504delTC identificaram atividades residuais de 1,5% e nula, respectivamente. Também foram identificadas outras seis alterações patogênicas previamente descritas. A alteração c.3503_3504delTC foi a que apresentou a maior frequência (40%, n= 10/25 alelos), seguido pela p.Ile403The (12%, n=3/25 alelos). Quanto às relações genótipo-fenótipo, sete pacientes com ML II possuem genótipos combinados de alterações do tipo mudança de fase de leitura e sem sentido, enquanto que os cincos pacientes com ML III alfa/beta apresentam pelo menos uma alteração do tipo troca de sentido, o que evidencia a relação entre alterações que impactam a funcionalidade da proteína e fenótipos mais graves. A análise retrospectiva definiu o protocolo 1.0 que finalizaria o diagnóstico com um custo médio de R$ 338,45, em uma amostra de 25 pacientes. A análise prospectiva do protocolo 2.0, sobre a mesma amostra de pacientes, indicou que o mesmo finalizaria o diagnóstico com o custo médio de R$ 299,80, uma economia de 25%. Discussão/Conclusão: As novas alterações patogênicas descritas nesse trabalho confirmam a alta heterogeneidade alélica do gene GNPTAB. A análise funcional da alteração p.Ser385Leu confirma sua patogenicidade, que está de acordo com o fenótipo ML II do paciente, e evidencia a necessidade de mais estudos a fim de constatar o motivo desse resíduo ser importante para a proteína. A síntese dos protocolos demonstrou ser uma estratégia interessante e economicamente importante, uma vez que diminui os gastos envolvidos para finalizar o diagnóstico molecular. / Introduction: The lysosomal network is a complex of metabolic ways that influence processes like damaged or senescent organelles degradation, antigen processing, essential amino acid reutilization, and, in the last instance, it is important for normal cell physiology. In this context, lysosomes have a great relevance since it is in this organelle that the destruction of the molecules involved in all the processes mentioned above occurs. The operational units in the lysosomes are the lysosomal hydrolases that are more than 50 enzymes with capacity, in an acid environment, to breakdown specific substrates. GlcNAc-phosphotransferase is a hexameric complex (J2K2L2) located in the cis portion of the Golgi complex that performs the addition of mannose-6-phosphate residues in oligosaccharides chains on lysosomal hydrolases. In a subsequent way, the uncovering enzyme removes the mannose residues, exposes the phosphate residues, and enables the recognition of hydrolases by mannose-6-phosphate receptors. The J and K subunits are codified by GNPTAB gene, which is located in chromosome 12 and consists of 21 exons, and the L subunit, encoded by GNPTG gene, that is located in chromosome 16 and consists of 11 exons. The consequences of pathogenic alterations in GNPTAB are Mucolipidosis II or III alpha/beta diseases and alterations in the GNPTG are Mucolipidosis III gamma disease. The genetic defect leads to residual or absent activity of enzyme which ultimately generates an overflow of lysosomal hydrolases to the extracellular environment and accumulation of substrates in lysosomes. Objectives: (1) to characterize, by sequencing of the GNPTAB gene, the pathogenic alterations in a group of unrelated Brazilian patients with Mucolipidosis II or III alpha/beta, and (2) to define a molecular research protocol for Brazilian patients. Methodology: It is a crosssectional study with convenience sampling, and it includes patients with biochemical and clinical diagnosis of Mucolipidosis II or III. The DNA was amplified by PCR technique and sequencing by Sanger technique. All patients in the present study had all exons amplified. The missense alterations were analyzed by Polyphen2, Sift, and ConSurf softwares, and the alterations predicted as pathogenic were studied through research in Brazilian control alleles. The p.Ser385Leu and c.3503_3504delTC were evaluated by site-direct mutagenesis and the residual activity was evaluated 24 hours after expression in HEK cells, through radioactive assays. For cost-price analysis, current values for equipment, molecular biology reagents, and plastic materials were utilized to estimate the cost of DNA extraction, PCR reaction, PEG8000 purification, and sequencing. Results: Of the 13 patients, 8 were clinically diagnosed with Mucolipidosis II and 5 with Mucolipidosis III alpha/beta and, additionally, a mother of one patient with biochemical and clinical diagnosis of Mucolipidosis II was also analyzed. The DNA analysis identified six novel pathogenic alterations in GNPTAB: c.831delT, c.1763insA, c.1927delAATT, p.Ser385Leu, p.(Asp76Gly), and p.Tyr1111*. The bioinformatics analysis of missense alterations were characterized as damaging for protein function, and residues 76 and 385 as structural and functional, respectively, and both as highly conserved among the species. The functional analysis of mutants p.Ser385Leu and c.3503_3504delTC showed the residual activity of GlcNAcphosphotransferase of 1.5% and 0%, respectively. Six others pathogenic alterations previously described were also identified. The alteration c.3503_3504delTC showed the highest frequency (40%, n=10/25 alleles) followed by p.Ile403The (12%, n=3/25 alleles). The retrospective analysis defined the 1.0 protocol that finalized the molecular diagnosis at the cost of R$ 338,45 per sample, in a group of 25 patients. The prospective analysis of 2.0 protocol, in the same patients, indicated that it would finalize diagnosis at the cost of R$ 299,80 per sample, a saving of 25%. Discussion/Conclusion: The novel pathogenic alterations described confirm the high allelic heterogeneity of GNPTAB gene. In the genotype-phenotype relationship, 7 patients with Mucolipidosis II have combined genotype of frameshift or nonsense alterations, or both, and 5 Mucolipidosis III alpha/beta patients have at least one missense alteration, that shows the correlation between alterations that cause impact on the protein function and severe phenotype. The functional analysis of alteration p.Ser385Leu confirms its pathogenicity and makes evident the need of more studies in order to determine the reason this residue is so important for protein function. Protocol synthesis proves to be an interesting and economically important strategy, once it decreases costs to conclude the molecular diagnosis.

A redução eletroquímica de 3,3\'-(1,3- e 1,4-fenileno)-bis-(2-propenoatos de etila), sistemas diolefínicos cujas duplas ligações estão separadas por um anel benzênico, foi investigada em N,N-dimetilformamida (DMF) e acetonitrila (MeCN) e metanol/acetonitrila (MeOH/MeCN) (7:3) (v/v). As eletrólises a potencial controlado em DMF e MeCN conduziram a hidrodímeros cíclicos derivados da ciclopentanona com elevada estereosseletividade, análogos aos produtos formados a partir de ésteres do ácido cinâmico nas mesmas condições experimentais. Ao lado dos hidrodímeros, quantidades variáveis de produtos de polimerização e de hidrogenação das duplas ligações dos grupos etoxicarbonilvinila eram formados. Foram examinados a influência do pH, concentração inicial dos substratos e presença de doadores de prótons (MeOH/MeCN) sobre o curso da redução eletroquímica. A maior complexidade dos produtos de eletrólise no substrato 1,4-substituído quando comparada as produtos do 1,3-substituído pode ser explicada, em parte, pela maior interação eletrônica dos grupos etoxicarbonilvinila através do anel aromático no primeiro. / The electrochemical reduction of ethyl 3,3\' -(1,3 and 1,4-phenylene)-bis-(2-propenoates), diolefinic systems whose double bonds are separated by a benzene ring, was investigated in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (MeCN) and methanol/acetonitrile (MeOH/MeCN) (7:3) (v/v). Controlled potential electrolyses in DMF and MeCN afforded cyclic hydrodimers derivatives of cyclopentanone with high stereoselectivity as are the products formed from cinnamic acid esters under similar experimental conditions. Besides the hydrodimers variable amounts of polymerization and side chain carbon-carbon double bond hydrogenation products were formed. The influence of pH, initial concentration of substrates and the presence of proton donors (MeOH/MeCN) upon the electrochemical reduction was examined. The formation of more complex reaction mixtures in the case of the 1,4-substituted substrate when compared with the 1,3-substituted may be explained, at the least partially, due to a larger electronic interaction between the ethoxycarbonylvinyl groups through the aromatic ring in former.

It is well known that the branching factor of a computer based board game has an effect on how long a searching AI algorithm takes to search through the game tree of the game. Something that is not as known is that the branching factor may have an additional effect for certain types of AI algorithms. The aim of this work is to evaluate if the win rate of an evolutionary AI algorithm is affected by the branching factor of the board game it is applied to. To do that, an experiment is performed where an evolutionary algorithm known as “Genetic Minimax” is evaluated for the two low branching factor board games Othello and Gomoku (Gomoku is also known as 5 in a row). The performance here is defined as how many times the algorithm manages to win against another algorithm. The results from this experiment showed both some promising data, and some data which could not be as easily interpreted. For the game Othello the hypothesis about this particular evolutionary algorithm appears to be valid, while for the game Gomoku the results were somewhat inconclusive. For the game Othello the performance of the genetic minimax algorithm was comparable to the alpha-beta algorithm it played against up to and including depth 4 in the game tree. After that however, the performance started to decline more and more the deeper the algorithms searched. The branching factor of the game may be an indirect cause of this behaviour, due to the fact that as the depth increases, the search space increases proportionally to the branching factor. This increase in the search space due to the increased depth, in combination with the settings used by the genetic minimax algorithm, may have been the cause of the performance decline after that point.

I det här arbetet undersöks och jämförs två olika sökalgoritmer när de används för implementation av AI-spelare till brädspelet Pentago. De två algoritmerna som användes var alfa-betabeskärning och en nyare algoritm som kombinerar genetiska algoritmer och minimax, kallad genetisk minimax. Utvärderingen av resultaten visar att alfa-betabeskärning passar bättre vid implementation av en AI till Pentago än genetisk minimax. Alfa-betabeskärning med ytterligare optimeringar har potential att lämpa sig väldigt väl för implementation av spelare till Pentago. Ytterligare visar resultaten att genetisk minimax inte är en passande algoritm för AI till Pentago. För eventuella framtida arbeten föreslås ytterligare arbete och förbättringar på implementationen av alfa-betabeskärning. Genetisk minimax har potential att fungera bättre vid implementation av AI till andra brädspel. Därför föreslås även framtida arbeten av implementationer av genetisk minimax inom områden och spel som kan vara mer passande.

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