The thesis presents a project on the systematic development of possibilities of enhancing activities of amateur music bands in the Pardubice region. The goal is to investigate the situation of young bands with the regional scope of activities and based on the findings establish a project that would be able to support them in necessary areas. At the same time there is a goal to set project operation parameters so that the project would be economically stable. The thesis also surveys the possibilities of external financial support and proposes a strategy on the ways of obtaining these funds. The questionnaire survey which focuses on the project potential addresses concrete bands

From the middle to the late eighteenth century, England prospered due to growing number of industries and revenues from foreign trade. Being economically available, people valued quality of lifestyle, including having amateur musical performances in social gatherings. Popular musical productions at the time, other than solo music, included also chamber music, such as accompanied keyboard sonatas. In these types of works, the performers could invite the guests to join in the performance, yet also demonstrating his or her own tastes and skills. František Kocžwara¡¦s (1750-1791) The Battle of Prague was one of the most favored piece of works by the English amateur musicians. Due to its moderate level of required performance skills and magnificent effect of the sounds, the amateur musicians were able to perform well in front of their guests, while bring the atmosphere of musical gathering to a high peak. This paper consists of three sections. The first section discusses the development of English music, its influences from local social factors, ands the rise of amateur musicians. The following section discusses the musical form which is mostly favored by amateur pianist in the late eighteenth century - accompanied keyboard sonatas - with depth into its historical background, social functions, and music arrangement. The final section discusses the life of Czech musician, František Kocžwara, and his accompanied keyboard sonatas published in 1788 The Battle of Prague. Through detailed description of the musical style and relationship between the main and the accompanying parts, a better understanding may be formed regarding the non main-trend composers and the elegant lifestyle of the English amateur musical life.

The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the public music-making by locals in Holmsund 1850—1980, and to explain the great variety of musical forms in hope to thereby illuminate the importance of local music-making for the workers' musical taste, but also how workers' musical aesthetics were affected by a more general working-class culture. The variety of musical forms is explained according to John Blacking's distinction between change of musical system, and variation and innovation within a musical system. There are two major changes of the musical system. The first generations of workers in Holmsund were recruited from the surrounding countryside, and the main structure of their music-making seems to have remained unchanged. During the 1880s and 1890s there is an introduction of new elements which dominate the whole industrial epoch: brass instruments become the most highly valued instruments, and the thoroughly organized group playing. The new ideals of instrument sound are related to the new soundscape of the industrial society. Organized group playing is seen as homological with the social organization of industrial production, where the work of individuals in different departments is coordinated by a conductor/executive in power. During the decade of the 1960s the musical system is once more changed. Electronic technology changes the concepts of sounds and distribution forms, the influence of local music-making on public musical taste became marginal. Local music-making cannot therefore be said to reflect a workers' aesthetic, but should rather be interpreted as tendencies counteracting the professionalism and mediafication of modern society. These epochal models outline the basic structural frame of the musical system of each period and the role assigned to local music-making. At the same time there is a great variety of musical forms within each period. These variations are systematized as temporarily-used ways fo managing certain pairs of concepts, which are seen as oppositional or complementary. These pairs are: individual/collective, ideals of equality/professionalization, education/entertainment, continuity/innovation, culture/subculture, and male/female. Finally, the ways in which values and attitudes of the general working-class culture influence the local music scene are analyzed. Instead of the abstract ideals of composition, the usefulness of the music is stressed in popular aesthetics. The genius cult of art musics does not fit into popular music situations, where the will to work hard for the audience is valued instead. Ways of relating to the body form another distinction between bourgeois and worker culture. Popular music is much centred around dance music, which is also used in concert situations. What these values and attitudes have in common is that they are part of a popular aesthetic which the educated aesthetic uses as a negative reference point. / digitalisering@umu

À partir de l'exemple du phénomène des batucadas en France et en Europe, cette thèse propose d'explorer des processus d'appropriations culturelles de modèles musicaux brésiliens, en particuliers ceux du samba enredo carioca, du samba- reggae bahianais et du maracatu recifense. L'ethnographie, entreprise entre 2000 et 2010, se compose de nombreux récits de vie et entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès d'amateurs de percussions brésiliennes et de musiciens professionnels (français et brésiliens) ; d'observations de pratiques musicales en Europe et au Brésil ; de participations de l'ethnographe à des projets artistiques dans le sud de la France. À rebours d'une approche historique de l'objet diffusé, ce travail propose de restituer des parcours d'appropriations en partant de l'émergence et du déploiement de la batucada en France. Sont abordés plusieurs champs de l'appropriation musicale : la forme instrumentale de la batucada, les modèles brésiliens, et les postures artistiques vis-à-vis de ces modèles qui révèlent une recherche commune d'une pratique culturelle « populaire », vivante et festive. Des représentations idéalisées du Brésil, de ses musiques et de ses carnavals semblent répondre à cette quête. Les voyages vers les sources musicales au Brésil tendent à devenir une étape importante de l'appropriation musicale européenne et leur observation permet de mettre en exergue les enjeux sociaux et culturels entre Brésiliens et étrangers autour des transmissions musicales (...) Enfin, l'appropriation de la batucada permet d'ouvrir un débat général sur l'appropriation culturelle dans le contexte de la mondialisation. / Using the example of the batucada phenomenon in France and Europe, this thesis explores the processes of cultural appropriation of Brazilian musical models, in particular those of Rio's samba enredo, Bahia's samba-reggae and Recife's maracatu. The ethnographic fieldwork, conducted during the first decade of 2000, is composed of: numerous life stories and semi-structured interviews with French and Brazilian amateur percussionists and professional musicians, observations of musical practices in Europe and Brazil, and participating observations in the framework of artistic projects in the South of France. Rather than taking a historical approach of the diffusion of objects, this work analyzes the trajectories of the appropriations of batucada in France, from its emergence to its spread. Several fields of musical appropriation are broached: the instrumental form of the batucada, the Brazilian musical models, and the artistic positions taken regarding these models which reveal a common quest for a “popular”, lively and festive cultural practice. Idealized representations of Brazil, its music and its carnivals seem to respond to this quest. Travels to the musical sources in Brazil appear as an important step in the Europeans’ musical appropriation. Observation of these travels allows underscoring the social and cultural stakes of musical transmissions between Brazilians and foreigners. Lastly, the appropriation of batucada enables enlarging a general debate on cultural appropriation in a context of globalization.

This dissertation is the first study devoted solely to the history of an orchestral tradition in Christchurch. Within a timeframe stretching from the beginning of the local settlement to the establishment of the first “national” orchestra in 1939, it provides detailed portrayals of all facets of amateur and professional orchestral activity. This includes the histories of all orchestral bodies, their membership, a chronology of concerts, repertoire, programme structure and critical reception. This dissertation explains the advance of orchestral tradition that is at times tentative and at times bold, until it is securely entrenched as a mainstream musical activity in Christchurch. A preliminary narration, which begins in 1857, ends in 1906 with the International Exhibition. This is then discussed as a landmark event for orchestral music in Christchurch. A series of case studies for the period of 1908 to 1939, covers each of the five major orchestral groups that flourished in this period. The case studies also include the footprints of development, the “incidental” music performed by the cinema orchestras, and the “studio only” performances of many broadcasting groups. The role played by minor orchestral groups as an “alternative” music culture is included, along with the impact of orchestras associated with visiting opera companies. The final section is a detailed analysis of the repertoire and programme construction, and a discussion of the people who played an influential role in the development of an orchestral tradition. Numerous tables and illustrations are provided. A number of appendices are also attached: a chronology of orchestral concerts in Christchurch; some significant orchestra personnel lists; an extensive set of source readings discussing the formation of a permanent orchestra; a chronology of orchestral activity for a selection of Christchurch musicians; a timeline of visiting opera companies, and a selection of concert programmes.

The years 1815 to 1867 marked the first protracted period of peace in Nova Scotia’s colonial history. While the immediate effects of peace were nearly disastrous, these years ultimately marked a formative period for the province. By the eve of Confederation, various social, cultural, political, economic, and technological developments had enabled Nova Scotia to become a mature province with a distinct identity. One of the manifestations of this era of community formation was the emergence of a cosmopolitan-oriented music culture. Although Atlantic trade routes ensured that Nova Scotia was never isolated, the colonial progress of the pre-Confederation era reinforced and entrenched Nova Scotia’s membership within the Atlantic World. The same trade routes that brought imported goods to the province also introduced Nova Scotians to British and American culture. Immigration, importation, and developments to transportation and communication systems strengthened Nova Scotia’s connections to its cultural arbiters – and made possible the importation and naturalization of metropolitan music practices. This dissertation examines the processes of cultural exchange operating between Nova Scotia and the rest of the Atlantic World, and the resultant musical life to which they gave rise. The topic of music-making in nineteenth-century Nova Scotia has seldom been addressed, so one of the immediate aims of my research is to document an important but little-known aspect of the province’s cultural history. In doing so, I situate Nova Scotia’s musical life within a transatlantic context and provide a lens through which to view Nova Scotia’s connectivity to a vast network of culture and ideas. After establishing and contextualizing the musical practices introduced to Nova Scotia by a diverse group of musicians and entrepreneurs, I explore how this imported music culture was both a response to and an agent of the formative developments of the pre-Confederation era. I argue that, as Nova Scotia joined the Victorian march of progress, its musicians, music institutions, and music-making were among the many socio-cultural forces that helped to transform a colonial backwater into the civilized province that on 1 July 1867 joined the new nation of Canada.

The years 1815 to 1867 marked the first protracted period of peace in Nova Scotia’s colonial history. While the immediate effects of peace were nearly disastrous, these years ultimately marked a formative period for the province. By the eve of Confederation, various social, cultural, political, economic, and technological developments had enabled Nova Scotia to become a mature province with a distinct identity. One of the manifestations of this era of community formation was the emergence of a cosmopolitan-oriented music culture. Although Atlantic trade routes ensured that Nova Scotia was never isolated, the colonial progress of the pre-Confederation era reinforced and entrenched Nova Scotia’s membership within the Atlantic World. The same trade routes that brought imported goods to the province also introduced Nova Scotians to British and American culture. Immigration, importation, and developments to transportation and communication systems strengthened Nova Scotia’s connections to its cultural arbiters – and made possible the importation and naturalization of metropolitan music practices. This dissertation examines the processes of cultural exchange operating between Nova Scotia and the rest of the Atlantic World, and the resultant musical life to which they gave rise. The topic of music-making in nineteenth-century Nova Scotia has seldom been addressed, so one of the immediate aims of my research is to document an important but little-known aspect of the province’s cultural history. In doing so, I situate Nova Scotia’s musical life within a transatlantic context and provide a lens through which to view Nova Scotia’s connectivity to a vast network of culture and ideas. After establishing and contextualizing the musical practices introduced to Nova Scotia by a diverse group of musicians and entrepreneurs, I explore how this imported music culture was both a response to and an agent of the formative developments of the pre-Confederation era. I argue that, as Nova Scotia joined the Victorian march of progress, its musicians, music institutions, and music-making were among the many socio-cultural forces that helped to transform a colonial backwater into the civilized province that on 1 July 1867 joined the new nation of Canada.