Thesis (M.S.)--Clemson University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 62 p. ; also includes graphics.

This thesis explores a continuous problem facing those who conduct American diplomatic affairs: the appointment of amateurs, with no previous experience in diplomacy, as ambassadors representing the United States abroad. This study contends that the noncareer, nonprofessional appointment is neither necessarily a bad thing nor should it be considered undesirable, given the American system of conducting its foreign affairs. On the contrary this thesis argues that the amateur ambassador can effectively serve to enhance the needs of American foreign policy without having the same professional training.accorded to the career foreign service officer.

The impact of brand ambassador transgression on brand perception is investigated in this study. To reach the goal of this research the impact brand ambassador transgression across different generational cohorts was measured. The essence of brand ambassadors in the new branding landscape was determined from literature. The new branding landscape as a whole was described to provide a context for the study and the impact and affect thereof on the different generations. The increasing popularity of using brand ambassadors in marketing campaigns due to their ability to increase brand awareness, create or strengthen brand image as well as to achieve brand differentiation was discussed in depth. The literature also focused on brand ambassador transgressions and the impact thereof on brand perception. Mini-case studies which focussed on Tiger Woods, Lance Armstrong, Oscar Pistorius, Wayne Rooney and Charlie Sheen were provided as basis for the empirical research. An empirical research study has been launched to determine how different generational cohorts (Generation Y, Generation X and Baby Boomers) perceive values (both personal values and organisation brand values), brands and brand ambassadors as well as brand ambassador transgressions based on the provided case studies. The questionnaire was distributed to consumers in different generational cohorts. The results of the research indicated that: - There is no clear differentiation between the different generations’ perception on personal values. However, there was a greater amount of variance between the generations regarding their perceptions on brand values. - There is a definite difference between the different generational cohorts regarding perceptions regarding brand ambassadors. - The majority of the respondents stated that the mentioned brand ambassador transgressions did not negatively influence their perception of the brand, which was endorsed. Furthermore, the brand ambassador’s transgression did not cause the consumers to refrain from purchasing products which was endorsed by the specific brand ambassador. - No clear differentiation between the different kinds of transgressions and the severity thereof was made. - When brands stopped endorsing brand ambassadors when their transgressions came to light it mostly had a positive impact on the consumers’ perception of the brand. - The Generation Y respondents, who are also more social media active than the other generations, were more forgiving and were not as easily influenced negatively by the brand ambassadors’ transgression. - Consumers are more brand-orientated than brand ambassador-orientated. It can be concluded that the use of brand ambassadors in marketing campaigns holds many advantages. It is imperative that brand ambassadors should be decided upon carefully, although a brand ambassador does not define the entire brand. Brand ambassador transgressions’ have a more important impact on the consumers’ perception of the brand ambassador than on the brand itself. Consumers also feel that transgressions should be punished and are positive towards brands which ended brand ambassador agreements after transgressions, indicating that certain standard values are applicable for at least three consecutive generations of South-Africans and should be taken into account when branding decisions are made. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The impact of brand ambassador transgression on brand perception is investigated in this study. To reach the goal of this research the impact brand ambassador transgression across different generational cohorts was measured. The essence of brand ambassadors in the new branding landscape was determined from literature. The new branding landscape as a whole was described to provide a context for the study and the impact and affect thereof on the different generations. The increasing popularity of using brand ambassadors in marketing campaigns due to their ability to increase brand awareness, create or strengthen brand image as well as to achieve brand differentiation was discussed in depth. The literature also focused on brand ambassador transgressions and the impact thereof on brand perception. Mini-case studies which focussed on Tiger Woods, Lance Armstrong, Oscar Pistorius, Wayne Rooney and Charlie Sheen were provided as basis for the empirical research. An empirical research study has been launched to determine how different generational cohorts (Generation Y, Generation X and Baby Boomers) perceive values (both personal values and organisation brand values), brands and brand ambassadors as well as brand ambassador transgressions based on the provided case studies. The questionnaire was distributed to consumers in different generational cohorts. The results of the research indicated that: - There is no clear differentiation between the different generations’ perception on personal values. However, there was a greater amount of variance between the generations regarding their perceptions on brand values. - There is a definite difference between the different generational cohorts regarding perceptions regarding brand ambassadors. - The majority of the respondents stated that the mentioned brand ambassador transgressions did not negatively influence their perception of the brand, which was endorsed. Furthermore, the brand ambassador’s transgression did not cause the consumers to refrain from purchasing products which was endorsed by the specific brand ambassador. - No clear differentiation between the different kinds of transgressions and the severity thereof was made. - When brands stopped endorsing brand ambassadors when their transgressions came to light it mostly had a positive impact on the consumers’ perception of the brand. - The Generation Y respondents, who are also more social media active than the other generations, were more forgiving and were not as easily influenced negatively by the brand ambassadors’ transgression. - Consumers are more brand-orientated than brand ambassador-orientated. It can be concluded that the use of brand ambassadors in marketing campaigns holds many advantages. It is imperative that brand ambassadors should be decided upon carefully, although a brand ambassador does not define the entire brand. Brand ambassador transgressions’ have a more important impact on the consumers’ perception of the brand ambassador than on the brand itself. Consumers also feel that transgressions should be punished and are positive towards brands which ended brand ambassador agreements after transgressions, indicating that certain standard values are applicable for at least three consecutive generations of South-Africans and should be taken into account when branding decisions are made. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Debates realizados nas últimas décadas acerca do conceito de Diplomacia permitiram a consideração das práticas de negociação e mediação de conflitos do período medieval como práticas diplomáticas, antes restritas somente às realidades do Estado Moderno. Nesse cenário de discussões teóricas, o Período Comunal Italiano (séculos XII a XIV) despertou o interesse dos historiadores como um campo privilegiado de estudo da Diplomacia, principalmente devido às experiências de conflito entre as comunas italianas e o Sacro Império Romano-Germânico, que marcaram o período. Tal fascínio historiográfico em relação às comunas italianas expressou-se, sobretudo, na realização de um intenso processo de revisão e exploração dos corpora documentais peninsulares sob a chave de leitura da Diplomacia. Entretanto, a legislação estatutária comunal italiana não usufruiu da mesma sorte que outros textos no estudo das relações diplomáticas peninsulares na Baixa Idade Média por serem, principalmente, documentos considerados muito rígidos para a abordagem dessa questão. Fora os trabalhos de Angelini e Gilli, que acenaram para as possibilidades de estudo dos estatutos sob a ótica da Diplomacia, esses documentos continuam em grande parte ainda não explorados, principalmente a relação das rubricas estatutárias dedicadas aos embaixadores com os movimentos políticos da época. Desta forma, essa pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as diferentes redações dos estatutos comunais de Bolonha, Ferrara, Modena e Verona produzidos entre os séculos XIII e XV, buscando compreender como esses textos regulamentavam a organização de embaixadas e a escolha de embaixadores para representar os interesses da comuna no exterior, e qual era a relação que as rubricas destinadas a esse personagem estabeleciam com as disputas políticas no interior de cada uma dessas comunas e em seu conjunto. / Debates developed in the last decades about the concept of Diplomacy allowed practices of conflict mediation and resolution developed during the medieval period to be considered as diplomatic practices, a title once reserved only to realities related to the Modern State. In this scenario of theoretical discussions, the Italian Communal Period (XIIth to XIVth centuries) has arisen the interest of historians as a privileged field to study Diplomacy, especially due to the conflict experiences between the communes and the Holy Roman German Empire, which marked the period. Such historiographic fascination essentially resulted in the execution of an intense revision and exploration process of documents produced in the peninula in a Diplomatic point of view. However, the Statutory Communal Legislation did not cherished of the same luck as other texts in this sort of inquire, mainly because they were considered too rigid to be used in the exploration of such matter. Apart from the works of Angelini and Gilli, who signaled the possibilities of studying the statutes in a Diplomatic point of view, these documents continue to be mostly unedited and unexplored, especially the relationship between their rubricae dedicated to ambassadors and the political movements of the period. Therefore, this research aims to analyse different redactions of the communal statutes of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Verona written between the 13th and the 15th century, in order to try to understand how these texts regulated the organization of embassies and the choice of ambassadors to represent communal interests abroad, and what was the relationship established between the rubricae dedicated to this figure and the political disputes in the interior of each one of these communes and in them as a group.

Debates realizados nas últimas décadas acerca do conceito de Diplomacia permitiram a consideração das práticas de negociação e mediação de conflitos do período medieval como práticas diplomáticas, antes restritas somente às realidades do Estado Moderno. Nesse cenário de discussões teóricas, o Período Comunal Italiano (séculos XII a XIV) despertou o interesse dos historiadores como um campo privilegiado de estudo da Diplomacia, principalmente devido às experiências de conflito entre as comunas italianas e o Sacro Império Romano-Germânico, que marcaram o período. Tal fascínio historiográfico em relação às comunas italianas expressou-se, sobretudo, na realização de um intenso processo de revisão e exploração dos corpora documentais peninsulares sob a chave de leitura da Diplomacia. Entretanto, a legislação estatutária comunal italiana não usufruiu da mesma sorte que outros textos no estudo das relações diplomáticas peninsulares na Baixa Idade Média por serem, principalmente, documentos considerados muito rígidos para a abordagem dessa questão. Fora os trabalhos de Angelini e Gilli, que acenaram para as possibilidades de estudo dos estatutos sob a ótica da Diplomacia, esses documentos continuam em grande parte ainda não explorados, principalmente a relação das rubricas estatutárias dedicadas aos embaixadores com os movimentos políticos da época. Desta forma, essa pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as diferentes redações dos estatutos comunais de Bolonha, Ferrara, Modena e Verona produzidos entre os séculos XIII e XV, buscando compreender como esses textos regulamentavam a organização de embaixadas e a escolha de embaixadores para representar os interesses da comuna no exterior, e qual era a relação que as rubricas destinadas a esse personagem estabeleciam com as disputas políticas no interior de cada uma dessas comunas e em seu conjunto. / Debates developed in the last decades about the concept of Diplomacy allowed practices of conflict mediation and resolution developed during the medieval period to be considered as diplomatic practices, a title once reserved only to realities related to the Modern State. In this scenario of theoretical discussions, the Italian Communal Period (XIIth to XIVth centuries) has arisen the interest of historians as a privileged field to study Diplomacy, especially due to the conflict experiences between the communes and the Holy Roman German Empire, which marked the period. Such historiographic fascination essentially resulted in the execution of an intense revision and exploration process of documents produced in the peninula in a Diplomatic point of view. However, the Statutory Communal Legislation did not cherished of the same luck as other texts in this sort of inquire, mainly because they were considered too rigid to be used in the exploration of such matter. Apart from the works of Angelini and Gilli, who signaled the possibilities of studying the statutes in a Diplomatic point of view, these documents continue to be mostly unedited and unexplored, especially the relationship between their rubricae dedicated to ambassadors and the political movements of the period. Therefore, this research aims to analyse different redactions of the communal statutes of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Verona written between the 13th and the 15th century, in order to try to understand how these texts regulated the organization of embassies and the choice of ambassadors to represent communal interests abroad, and what was the relationship established between the rubricae dedicated to this figure and the political disputes in the interior of each one of these communes and in them as a group.

The thesis is a history of the office of Australian High Commissioner in London from its creation in 1909 to the eve of the Second World War. It tests the validity of the conventional view that the office was invariably used as a political reward and, prior to the 1930s, marginal to the conduct of Anglo-Australian relations. It sets the office in the context of colonial representation in London since the 1850s, and notes the limits to the position of the High Commissioner created by the Agents- General of the Australian States and the institutions established by the Imperial government for the conduct of Anglo-Dominion relations. The careers of the first five High Commissioners are examined with reference to the principal issues in Anglo- Australian relations during their High Commissionerships, and their roles are analysed in terms of their relations with the Commonwealth government, the British authorities and, to a lesser extent, the Agents-General. The thesis argues that there was always scope for a High Commissioner to play a diplomatic role within Anglo- Australian relations, and that the post also gradually acquired functions in a more general system of inter-imperial consultation which mirrored the wider political development of the Dominions. The Australian government, however, was also hampered by a limited choice of candidates and invariably appointed senior politicians, as exercises in patronage, but also because they were the most eligible representatives. Yet, reflecting underlying values in Australian political culture, legislators were determined to create a non-political High Commissionership. The combination of political appointments and a non-political office, however, meant that High Commissioners often found it difficult to adapt to the demands of their new position and did not enjoy the full confidence of the government.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1991. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-182).

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Göteborg, 1987. / Spine title: Le comte de Creutz. Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-160) and index.

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