Orientadora: Telma Teresinha Berchielli Moreno / Banca: Ana Cláudia Ruggieri / Banca: Adriana de Souza Martins / Resumo: Avaliou-se o efeito de 30 e 60 dias de rebrota do capim Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu sobre o consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e nutrientes, parâmetros ruminais e fluxo de nutrientes duodenal pelo método de único indicador em bovinos de corte. Foram utilizados os indicadores óxido de cromio (Cr2O3), fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (FDNi) e fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAi) para a estimativa de fluxo de nutrientes. Entre os principais resultados observados nota-se que os consumos de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) não foram influenciados pela idade de rebrota do capim e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta (PB), FDN e FDA foram menores para o capim aos 60 dias de rebrota. O pico de concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen foi observado 2 h após a alimentação e foi maior em animais alimentados com capim aos 30 dias de rebrota. A concentração de acetato:propionato:butirato observada foi 74:18:8 (%), esperada para dietas exclusivas de forragens. Bovinos consumindo o capim Brachiaria brizantha nas idades de rebrota de 30 e 60 dias apresentaram fluxo duodenal de nutrientes semelhantes. Os indicadores Cr2O3, FDNi e FDAi superestimaram a produção fecal e apresentaram baixa recuperação nas fezes. Na estimativa do fluxo de nutrientes pelo duodeno o indicador FDNi apresentou a estimativa mais adequada. O indicador Cr2O3 superestimou o fluxo duodenal de nutrientes. / Abstract: Trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of 30 and 60 days of regrowth of the grass Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, in ruminal parameters and in duodenal flow of nutrients by single marker method in beef cattle. The markers chromium oxide (Cr2O3), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) were used for estimate the flow of nutrients. Among the main observed results is that the intake of dry matter (DM), organic (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were not influenced by the regrowth ages of the grass and the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), NDF and ADF were smaller for the grass to the 60 days of regrowth. After 2 hours of the feeding the pick of concentration of amoniacal nitrogen was observed in the rumen and was bigger in animals fed with grass to the 30 days of regrowth. The concentration of acetate:propionate:butirate observed was 74:18:8 (%), inside of the expected for forages exclusive diets. Bovines consuming the grass Brachiaria brizantha in regrowth ages of 30 and 60 days presented similar duodenal flow of nutrients. The markers Cr2O3, INDF and IADF overestimated the fecal production and they presented low recovery in the feces. In the duodenal nutrients flow estimate with results of the total fecal output, the marker INDF presented the most appropriate estimate while the marker Cr2O3 overestimated the duodenal flow. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:35:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_mfs_me_jabo.pdf: 171222 bytes, checksum: 7dfdb83d59408f22a347cd1752f23765 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Avaliou-se o efeito de 30 e 60 dias de rebrota do capim Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu sobre o consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e nutrientes, parâmetros ruminais e fluxo de nutrientes duodenal pelo método de único indicador em bovinos de corte. Foram utilizados os indicadores óxido de cromio (Cr2O3), fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (FDNi) e fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAi) para a estimativa de fluxo de nutrientes. Entre os principais resultados observados nota-se que os consumos de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) não foram influenciados pela idade de rebrota do capim e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta (PB), FDN e FDA foram menores para o capim aos 60 dias de rebrota. O pico de concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen foi observado 2 h após a alimentação e foi maior em animais alimentados com capim aos 30 dias de rebrota. A concentração de acetato:propionato:butirato observada foi 74:18:8 (%), esperada para dietas exclusivas de forragens. Bovinos consumindo o capim Brachiaria brizantha nas idades de rebrota de 30 e 60 dias apresentaram fluxo duodenal de nutrientes semelhantes. Os indicadores Cr2O3, FDNi e FDAi superestimaram a produção fecal e apresentaram baixa recuperação nas fezes. Na estimativa do fluxo de nutrientes pelo duodeno o indicador FDNi apresentou a estimativa mais adequada. O indicador Cr2O3 superestimou o fluxo duodenal de nutrientes. / Trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of 30 and 60 days of regrowth of the grass Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, in ruminal parameters and in duodenal flow of nutrients by single marker method in beef cattle. The markers chromium oxide (Cr2O3), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) were used for estimate the flow of nutrients. Among the main observed results is that the intake of dry matter (DM), organic (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were not influenced by the regrowth ages of the grass and the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), NDF and ADF were smaller for the grass to the 60 days of regrowth. After 2 hours of the feeding the pick of concentration of amoniacal nitrogen was observed in the rumen and was bigger in animals fed with grass to the 30 days of regrowth. The concentration of acetate:propionate:butirate observed was 74:18:8 (%), inside of the expected for forages exclusive diets. Bovines consuming the grass Brachiaria brizantha in regrowth ages of 30 and 60 days presented similar duodenal flow of nutrients. The markers Cr2O3, INDF and IADF overestimated the fecal production and they presented low recovery in the feces. In the duodenal nutrients flow estimate with results of the total fecal output, the marker INDF presented the most appropriate estimate while the marker Cr2O3 overestimated the duodenal flow.

This master thesis deals technology of floating islands and their application in practice. In the first theoretical part describes detail of physical and chemical properties of water, the cycle of substances in water and the distribution of standing water, which are considered the most suitable interest sites for the application and instalation of floating systems. The sekond part describes the measurement metodology, which was carried out in several stages on the research land of the Institute of Landscape Water Management. The measuremenr was focused on monitoring the quality characteristics of water in free artificial tanks (lysimeters). The first tank was with floating island, the sekond with floating rack without plants and the third tank with free surface (to ensure the simulation of the natural state). The measurement was under way in the calendar year 2017 and was divided into free stages (spring, summer, winter). During this period were monitored COD, total phosphorus, nitric and amoniacal nitrogen and dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, water and air temperature and aggregate rainfall. Part of the master thesis is graphical and tabular evaluation of the results. The results are processed in the Minitab 16 statistical software, graphical representation is supplemented by the interlaced linear and cubic regression curves for easier search for the dependence of selected factors. The stages are compared at the end of the master thesis. At hhe end of summer 2017, the first application of the floating island according to utility model No. 31 169 was carried out within the Czech Republic on selected water reservoir in the Bílý Potok basin (Polička).