For channel estimation without data-induced interference in data-dependent superimposed training (DDST) scheme, the data sequence is shifted by subtracting a data-dependent sequence before added to training sequence at transmitter. The distorted term causes the data identification problem (DIP) at the receiver. In this thesis, we propose two precoding schemes based on previous work. To maintain low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), the precoding matrix is restricted to a diagonal matrix. The first scheme is proposed to enlarge the minimum distance between the closest codewords, termed as efficient diagonal scheme. Conditions to make sure the precoding matrix is efficient for M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) modulation are listed in this paper. The second scheme pursues a lowest complexity at receiver which means the amount of searching set is reduced. It is a trade-off between the better bit error rate (BER) performance and a lower complexity at receiver. The simulation results show that PAPR have been improved and the DIP is solved in both schemes.

Várias técnicas de cifragem óptica de imagens surgem a todo o momento devido à necessidade que se tem de transmitir informações de uma maneira segura e confiável. Nessas técnicas a informação é criptografada de tal modo que para conseguir recuperar a informação criptografada é necessário ter um conhecimento prévio da mesma chave que a criptografou, sendo esta chave única. Isto faz com que as técnicas sejam robustas. Estes processos de cifragem de imagem trabalham com a distribuição de fase obtida diretamente da imagem que se deseja criptografar e conseqüentemente a imagem decodificada também está em modulação de fase. Porém imagens em distribuição de fase não são visíveis ao olho humano. Para transformá-Ias em modulação de amplitude, a qual é visível ao olho humano, é utilizado o método de contraste de fase de Zernike. Propôs-se então um método para cifrar imagem binária apenas em modulação de amplitude. Após o processo de decodificação, a imagem obtida é reconhecida graças à capacidade do olho humano em discernir regiões contínuas de regiões aleatórias. Este método é de fácil implementação, podendo ser obtido utilizando apenas materiais de baixo custo como papéis, filmes plásticos, etc. Vários ataques foram realizados contra o processo de cifragem óptica de imagens utilizando máscara binária aleatória para analisar a robustez de tal processo. Este processo de cifragem não é robusto ao ataque do texto conhecido e ao ataque das cifras conhecidas. / Several optical encryption techniques have been developed due to the need to transmit information in a secure and reliable way. In these techniques the information is encrypted in a way that to recover the encrypted information is necessary to have a previous knowledge of the same mask that encrypted it, being this mask unique. Because of this, the techniques are robust. These image encryption methods work with the phase distribution obtained directly from the image that is intended to encrypt and consequently the decrypted image will also be in the phase modulation. But, images in a phase distribution are not visible for the human eyes. To transform them in an amplitude modulation, that is visible for the human eyes, it is used the Zernike phase contrast method. Then, it is proposed a method for encryption and decryption of information processed in a binary form in an amplitude modulation. After the decryption process, the image obtained is recognized because the human eyes are able to differentiate continuous, periodical regions to random pattern. This method has an easy implementation and it can be obtained using regular and inexpensive materials, like paper, plastic films, etc. Many attacks were realized against the proposed method to analyse if this method is robust. This method can not resist the known-plaintext attack and the known-ciphertext attack.

No description available.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / Advances in spectrally efficient Feher’s Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (FQPSK) and Feher‘s Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (FQAM) patented technologies, commercial and government “dual-use” FQPSK products and Test & Evaluation (T&E) results are highlighted in this overview paper. US and international customer requirements/systems, programs and recent deployments and standardization programs are also described. FQPSK doubles the spectral efficiency of PCM/FM Telemetry and of Feher patented Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK or FGMSK) and of alternatives, while FQAM quadruples the spectral efficiency of these systems. The predominant focus of this presentation is on an overview and advances of IRIG 106-00 standardized FQPSK technologies. FQAM systems will also be described. Use of FQPSK for applications such as telemetry, data links, clear mode, TDMA ,CSMA and CDMA, OCDMA, WCDMA as well as OFDM – COFDM will be included in the presentation.

The increase in capacity demand along with the advancement in digital signal processing (DSP) have recently revived the interest in coherent optical communications and led to its commercialization. However, design and development of robust DSP algorithms for example for carrier phase recovery (CPR) becomes complex as we opt for high order modulation formats such as 16QAM and beyond. Further, electrical-domain dispersion compensation (EDC), while providing many advantages, makes the system more susceptible to laser frequency noise (FN). For instance, in coherent optical links with post-reception EDC, while the transmitter frequency noise causes only phase impairment, the local oscillator (LO) FN in these systems results in a noise enhancement in both amplitude and phase. This noise is commonly known as equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN). It results in asymmetric requirements for transmitter laser and LO laser. Further, the system design in the presence of lasers with non-white frequency noise becomes increasingly challenging for increased capacity-distance product. The main contributions of this thesis are, firstly, an experimentally validated theory of coherent optical links with lasers having general non-white frequency noise spectrum and corresponding system/laser design criteria and mitigation technique. Secondly, low complexity and high phase noise tolerant CPR for high order modulation formats. The general theory propounded in this thesis elucidates the origin of the laser frequency noise induced noise enhancement in coherent optical links with different DSP configurations. The thesis establishes the existence of multiple frequency noise regimes and shows that each regime results in different set of impairments. The influence of the impairments due to some regimes can ideally be reduced by optimizing the corresponding mitigation algorithms, while other regimes cause irretrievable impairments. Experimentally validated theoretical boundaries of these regimes and corresponding criteria applicable to system/laser design are provided. Further, an EEPN mitigation method and its two possible implementations are proposed and discussed. The thesis also demonstrates an intrinsic limitation of the conventional Blind Phase Search (BPS) algorithm due to angular quantization and provides methods to overcome it. Finally, this thesis proposes and demonstrates single stage and multi-stage carrier phase recovery algorithms for compensation of phase impairments due to the two lasers for higher order circular and square modulations. The proposed methods outperform the state of art algorithms both in performance and in complexity. / <p>QC 20170516</p> / European project ICONE gr. #608099

Le LETI possède un savoir-faire permettant de réaliser des micro modulateurs spatiaux de lumière (Spatial Light Modulators, SLMs) réalisés en technologie microélectronique sur silicium, ayant des très grandes résolutions et de très petits pas de pixels. Le LETI souhaite utiliser une technologie LCD particulière (la technologie IPS) dont d’une part les performances électro-optiques dans le domaine des micro-écrans ne sont pas connues mais d’autre part permet de garder des coûts réduits et de réduire le nombre d’étapes de fabrication. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer sur la base de simulations puis de réalisations techniques, les performances d’un micro-SLM IPS utilisé en modulation de phase et d’amplitude.Les recherches effectuées au cours de cette thèse portent sur 4 axes d’études. Le premier axe consiste à la recherche et à l’essai d’un logiciel spécifique (LCDMaster) permettant de simuler des cellules à cristaux liquides ainsi que des électrodes flottantes. Le second axe consiste à étudier en fonction du design du pixel et des différents modes d’alignements des cristaux liquides (Homogène, vertical et twisté) avec un pilotage de type IPS, les performances en modulation de phase. Les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus pour un alignement vertical fournissant un déphasage de 2 Pi. De plus, les performances d’un dispositif d’optique adaptative intégrant le SLM étudié ont été investiguées. Le troisième axe d’étude, consiste avec le même logiciel à investiguer sur les performances d’un SLM à cristaux liquide avec un pilotage de type IPS utilisant un alignement homogène en modulation d’amplitude (étude statique et dynamique). Cette étude permet également d’étudier les possibilités de diminution du temps de réponse de la cellule. Cette étude a aboutie à deux designs de SLM. Le premier design avec deux niveaux d’électrodes séparés par un isolant permettant de reproduire un effet type « cage de faraday ». La seconde a permis de diminuer de manière drastique le temps de réponse. Le quatrième axe de recherche consiste à tester des prototypes basés sur ces deux designs pour vérifier les performances obtenues en simulation grâce à un banc de caractérisation électro-optique. Des résultats concordants ont étés obtenus et de nouveaux types de SLM à pilotage IPS proposant un temps de rafraichissement rapides se rapprochant de l’état de l’art ont donc pu être désignés et caractérisés. / LETI possesses an expertise allowing to realize Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) made in microelectronic technology on silicon, having very high resolutions and very small pixel steps. LETI wishes to use a specific LCD technology (IPS technology), on the one hand the electro-optical performances in the field of micro-display had to be investigated but on the other hand allows to keep costs down and reduce the number of manufacturing steps. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate on the basis of simulations and technical achievements, the performance of a micro-SLM IPS used in phase modulation and amplitude.Our investigations have been carried out on four major areas of study. The first axis is the search and testing of a specific software (LCDMaster) to simulate liquid crystal cells and floating electrodes. The second axis according to different designs of pixel and the different liquid crystal alignment modes (Homogeneous, vertical and twisted) with an IPS type control, to investigate the performances in modulation phase. The best results were obtained for a vertical alignment providing a phase shift of 2π. In addition, the performance of an adaptive optics device integrating the studied SLM has been investigated. The third axis of study focused on the performance investigation of a liquid crystal SLM with an IPS-type control using a homogeneous alignment in amplitude modulation (static and dynamic study). This study also makes it possible to study the possibilities of reducing the response time of the cell. It resulted in two SLM designs. The first design with two levels of electrodes separated by an insulator to reproduce a Faraday type effect. The second has drastically reduced the response time. The fourth area of research consists in testing prototypes based on these two designs to validate the performances obtained in simulation. Concordant results have been obtained and new types of IPS-controlled SLMs with state-of-the-art refreshing times have thus been designated and characterized.

The cooperative relaying scheme is a promising technique for increasing the capacity and reliability of wireless communication. Even though extensive research has performed in information theoretical aspect, there are still many unresolved practical problems of cooperative relaying system. This dissertation analyzes the performance of cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) relaying systems in the presence of multiple interferers and improve network throughput for these systems. We propose and summarize various systems in the view of network topology, transmission structure, and slot allocation. We present closed-form expressions for the end-to-end outage probability, average symbol-error-probability, average packet-error-probability, and network throughput of the proposed systems. This dissertation shows that the robustness of the destination against interference is more important than robustness of the relay against interference from an interference management perspective, and increasing the number of branches yields better outage and error performance improvements against shadowing than increasing the number of hops. In cellular networks, the cooperative diversity systems can outperform the dual-Rx antenna system, but only when the relay is located in a relatively small portion of the total cell area with respect the the destination mobile terminal. The results also show that since the effective regions of the uplink and the downlink do not overlap, different relays should be utilized for cell sectorization in the uplink and the downlink. Finally, the proposed variable-slot selection DF scheme can reduce the system complexity and make the maximum throughput point in the low and moderate signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio region.

Timing offsets result from the use of real clocks that are non-ideal in sampling intervals. These offsets also known as timing jitter were shown to degrade the performance of the two forms of UWB systems impulse radio and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based UWB. It was shown that for impulse radio, timing jitter distorts the correlation property of the transmitted signal and the resulting performance loss is proportional to the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the timing jitter. For the OFDM-based UWB, timing jitter introduced inter-channel interference (ICI) and the performance loss was dependent on the product of the bandwidth and the RMS of the timing jitter. A number of techniques were proposed for mitigating the performance degradation in each form of UWB. Specifically, for impulse radio, the methods of pulse shaping and sample averaging were provided, whereas for OFDM-based UWB, oversampling and adaptive modulation were given. Through analysis and simulation, it was shown that substantial gain in signal power-to-noise ratio can be achieved using these jitter-reduction methods.

The main objective of this research is to design, simulate, and evaluate telescope array-based receiver architectures for the inter-planetary optical communication links, which is able to provide broadband data support for future deep-space and universe exploration missions. The major aspects of this research are as follows: (1) evaluation and performance comparison of telescope arrays-based receiver with a large, monolithic telescope-based receiver, (2) mathematical modeling and analysis of the impact of various limiting factors (i.e., background noise, atmospheric turbulence, synchronization and tracking errors) on the performance of optical array receiver, (3) design and evaluation of subsystems and adaptive signal processing algorithms for the mitigation of the above-mentioned deleterious effects, and (4) development of an end-to-end simulation and analysis platform for an optical communication link between a transmitter in Mars orbit and an Earth-based array receiver after integration of the proposed sub-systems. In the second part of this research, I aim to extend the analysis to the free-space, short-range, terrestrial optical communication links. In this part, the objective is the development of the efficient simulation tools for the analysis of receiver performance and optical beam propagation through turbulent atmospheric channel. In the experimental part of the research, the investigation of the use of adaptive optics (AO) subsystems for turbulence and background noise compensation in the deep-space optical communication links will be carried out.

In order to meet the ever-growing demand for mobile data, a number of different technologies have been adopted by the fourth generation standardization bodies. These include multiple access schemes such as spatial division multiple access (SDMA), and efficient modulation techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based modulation. The specific objectives of this theses are to develop an effective feedback method for interference management in smart antenna SDMA systems and to design an efficient OFDM-based modulation technique, where an additional dimension is added to the conventional two-dimensional modulation techniques such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). In SDMA time division duplex (TDD) systems, where channel reciprocity is maintained, uplink (UL) channel sounding method is considered as one of the most promising feedback methods due to its bandwidth and delay efficiency. Conventional channel sounding (CCS) only conveys the channel state information (CSI) of each active user to the base station (BS). Due to the limitation in system performance because of co-channel interference (CCI) from adjacent cells in interference-limited scenarios, CSI is only a suboptimal metric for multiuser spatial multiplexing optimization. The first major contribution of this theses is a novel interference feedback method proposed to provide the BS with implicit knowledge about the interference level received by each mobile station (MS). More specifically, it is proposed to weight the conventional channel sounding pilots by the level of the experienced interference at the user’s side. Interference-weighted channel sounding (IWCS) acts as a spectrally efficient feedback technique that provides the BS with implicit knowledge about CCI experienced by each MS, and significantly improves the downlink (DL) sum capacity for both greedy and fair scheduling policies. For the sake of completeness, a novel procedure is developed to make the IWCS pilots usable for UL optimization. It is proposed to divide the optimization metric obtained from the IWCS pilots by the interference experienced at the BS’s antennas. The resultant new metric, the channel gain divided by the multiplication of DL and UL interference, provides link-protection awareness and is used to optimize both UL and DL. Using maximum capacity scheduling criterion, the link-protection aware metric results in a gain in the median system sum capacity of 26.7% and 12.5% in DL and UL respectively compared to the case when conventional channel sounding techniques are used. Moreover, heuristic algorithm has been proposed in order to facilitate a practical optimization and to reduce the computational complexity. The second major contribution of this theses is an innovative transmission approach, referred to as subcarrier-index modulation (SIM), which is proposed to be integrated with OFDM. The key idea of SIM is to employ the subcarrier-index to convey information to the receiver. Furthermore, a closed-form analytical bit error ratio (BER) of SIM OFDM in Rayleigh channel is derived. Simulation results show BER performance gain of 4 dB over 4-QAM OFDM for both coded and uncoded data without power saving policy. Alternatively, power saving policy maintains an average gain of 1 dB while only using half OFDM symbol transmit power.