In recent years the U. S. and Canada have seen a steady increase in energy consumption. The U. S. in particular uses 25% more energy than it did 20 years ago. With declining natural resources and an increase in fuel costs, it has become important to find methods of reducing energy consumption, in which energy conservation in space heating and cooling has become a widely researched area. One method that has been identified to reduce the energy required for space heating is the use of radiant panels. Radiant panels are beneficial because the temperature set points in a room can be lowered without sacrificing occupant comfort. They have therefore become very popular in the market. Further research, however, is required to optimize the performance of these panels so energy savings can be realized. <br /><br /> An analytical model has been developed to predict the panel temperature and heat output for perimeter radiant panel systems with a known inlet temperature and flow rate, based on a flat plate solar collector (RSC) model. As radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients were required to run the model, an analytical analysis of the radiative heat transfer was performed, and a numerical model was developed to predict the convective heat transfer coefficient. Using the conventional radiative heat exchange method assuming a three-surface enclosure, the radiative heat transfer could be determined. Numerically, a correlation was developed to predict the natural convective heat transfer. <br /><br /> To validate the analytical model, an experimental analysis was performed on radiant panels. A 4m by 4m by 3m test chamber was constructed in which the surrounding walls and floor were maintained at a constant temperature and the heat output from an installed radiant panel was measured. Two radiant panels were tested; a 0. 61m wide panel with 4 passes and a 0. 61m wide panel with 8 passes. The panels were tested at 5 different inlet water temperatures ranging from 50°C to 100°C. <br /><br /> The RSC model panel temperature and heat output predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. The RSC model followed the same trends as that in the experimental results, and the panel temperature and panel heat output were within experimental uncertainty, concluding that the RSC model is a viable, simple algorithm which could be used to predict panel performance.

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There has been much research regarding Trade Immigrant link for different countries, states and provinces which reveal that Immigration impacts bilateral Trade positively. In this study the Trade –Immigrant for Sweden for a period of 2000-2011 for 184 trading partners has been tested which shows that trade and Immigration have positive relationship. Using random effect model, with every 10% increase in Immigrants, there is 4.0% increase in imports and 4.4% increase in exports of Sweden from particular trading partner. In second hypothesis of the study Trade-Emigrant link for Sweden and its 185 trading partners has been checked in cross country sample for year 2010.To the best of my knowledge, this study is first to test the Trade-Emigrant link for Sweden. The results show that there is positive link between trade and Emigration from Sweden. An extended Gravity Model has been used in this study. Using ordinary least square method, with every 10% increase in Emigrants, there is 7.2% increase in imports and 4.3% increase in exports of Sweden for that particular trading partner.

The goal of the study is to understand the process that elementary schools develop¡¥the pilot plan of an integrated assistance system for instruction, discipline and guidance¡¦. Namely, from the present condition, the study will compare special results of each school, analyze the machine, course of action, difficult problems and strategies, and then interconnect the study results to recommend elementary schools in Kaohsiung consultation. In order to accomplish the research purpose, this study searched and collected documents, and employed the survey method. The subjects were the members from¡¥the pilot plan of an integrated assistance system for instruction, discipline and guidance,¡¦ and teenager counseling. And then a document analysis method was used to analyze information. The conclusions of the research were as follows: 1. There are eighteen practicable study items. Including¡§ counseling student in instruction, possessing the ideas and ability of counseling student, have tutor¡¦s responsibility, participating Adoption-Guidance¡K¡¨ 2. There are three unpracticed study items. Including¡¨ building learning school, role changing, administrative efficiency improving.¡¨ So ¡¥the pilot plan of an integrated assistance system for instruction, discipline and guidance¡¦in Kaohsiung¡¦s elementary school is a great achievement. At last, the result of study provide some suggestions for educational administration, elementary school , teachers and future studies.

William Faulkner undoubtedly ranks one of the best and most influential writers both in America and in history. Among his various works of art, the most famous ones are those set in his fictional Yoknapatawpha County, which is molded out of his ¡§native soil.¡¨ Despite their Southern setting, these works convey something universally true. As Faulkner often claims, he is just a story-teller, telling about man in conflict, about how he ¡§endures and prevails.¡¨ Before he received due recognition, Faulkner wrote quite a few short stories which he expected would help him improve his economic condition, so that he could write novels at ease. Nevertheless, although he was motivated by economic interests, many of these short stories turned out very prominent. In my thesis, I translate and discuss three of his outstanding short stories--¡§Dry September,¡¨ ¡§Red Leaves,¡¨ and ¡§An Odor of Verbena.¡¨ By so doing, I hope I can introduce Faulkner¡¦s world to his Taiwan readers, who might too easily reject his major novels for their complexity and long-winding sentences, but would be glad to savor the more accessible short stories. The introductory part is divided into three chapters, beginning with a brief account of the author¡¦s life and fiction. In the second chapter I discuss mainly the theme of ¡§conflict¡¨ and the stylistic features in these three stories. Then, in the last chapter, giving some instances from my own translations and those by three translators in Mainland China, I try to demonstrate why translation is a demanding task.

This thesis is aimed to apply cylindrical polishing system to a large flat workpiece (ex:wafer) to obtain high degree of planarization, low surface roughness and no crack layer. First, a mathematical model is presented which describes the axially symmetric form error compensation by cylindrical polishing process. The dwelling time-distribution of tool and the machining depth distribution are solved using the methods of simultaneous equations and least square error with non-negativity constraints. Then, using the simulation analysis and experimental method to examine the machining rate distribution effects on machining precision and the dwelling time-distribution of the tool when the workpiece is machining by cylindrical tool. The examined effects will include machining length effect, boundary effect and inclined effect. Under the range of the machining precision required, the approach to smooth the dwelling time-distribution of tool that will benefit layer-by-layer removing strategy. After these analyses, an adequacy dwelling time-distribution of the tool can be designed according to the workpiece form error. In addition, the relative between the machining probability due to the an-isotropic polishing property and surface roughness will be discussed. The contents of this thesis include three parts. First, a mathematical model is presented which describes the axially symmetric form error compensation by cylindrical polishing process. And, the polishing angles and polishing probability of the an-isotropic polishing property will be identified according to the mathematical model. Second, the design of dwelling time-distribution of tool and the analysis of the geometric effects will be discussed by computer simulation. Third, the experimental results will show the suitable of the machining strategy and compare the machining effects with the simulated results. And, the planarization of the workpiece that has axially symmetric form error will be done.

Increased cooperation among in people leads to social growth and security and encourage public interaction and cooperation. The government has established the mutual attention makes an inspection tour the team to provide more care and services to the public, encouraging cooperation among the local people and the government, in order to improve the every day life of the public. The basis of the idea of empowering the public comes from the fact that the government has limited resources and abilities. Therefore, when it comes to building a better society, it is both practical and beneficial to involve the community. However, what resources has the government offered to the community in order to allow them to better contribute to the public goal? On the other hand, what does the community and the mutual attention makes an inspection tour the team feel about the government¡¦ s support? The work environment, requirements, and moral are critical to their performance. This paper analyses and studies the relationships among these elements in order to review the mutual attention makes an inspection tour the team¡¦s activities and strategic plans. The study looks at things such as how is a team¡¦s performance is affected by whether or not the individual members are satisfied. Using a variety of survey and analysis technicques, this study seeks to understand how to improve the efficiency of mutual attention makes an inspection tour the team. The study focuses on studying the aforementioned issues of the Sanmin Distric Office Kaohsiung City and hopes to discover more empirical data to further support future development and strategic planning for increasing public cooperation through mutual attention makes an inspection tour the teams.

《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》是三部以公案與俠義題材融合而成的同類型小說，它們保留了公案小說與俠義小說既有的元素，題材融合的原因是時代背景的反映、章回化的演變、理想人物的期待與讀者的欣賞需求。 小說原著以公案為主、俠義為輔。在公案情節上，大多數是延續公案小說的 人命案與賊盜案，以數案相連或案中有案的形式呈現；由於俠義題材的加入，謀叛的政治案件、盜印信、盜內府財物、謀殺朝廷命官與採花大盜犯姦殺人案件逐漸增多。綠林與清官的結合，是俠義情節的中心，主要表現在豪傑投靠、豪傑護主、豪傑破案三方面。小說中官吏，清官特徵漸少，忠臣形象漸多；綠林人物無論是水寇、土匪、紳匪均呈現集團化特性；官俠性格趨向「忠義」，認同當代法律秩序；游俠強調隨機應變、譎詐多端，「從遊戲中生出俠義來」的俠義特徵。小說語言除了訟詞、判詞的沿用，因俠義題材的加入，江湖隱語的使用，加添了小說綠林犯罪情節的真實感。小說原著主題思想除了表現出清官意識、俠義思想，更強調勸善懲惡的傳統思維。小說內容思想表現出非主流社會義的道德觀、任官朝廷的價值觀、建立聲譽的價值觀、追逐眼前利益的價值觀。也反映出當代紳衿階層與皇糧莊頭危害百姓的社會現象以及政治衝突事件。 小說續書呈現俠義興起，公案隱退的局面。《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》三部小說續作的目的，主要有商業、政治、心理三類因素。情節著重在破獲政治叛亂案件、異姓結義、破奇樓奇陣、打擂臺與黑店犯罪，並加入特殊武功、武器、暗器的描寫。小說人物強調英雄與超人的塑造，並製造出魔怪邪惡人物與奇特的綠林女子。江湖隱語繼續沿用，訟詞、判詞僅存於《施公案》中。小說內容由於俠義漸多，官俠重名爭功、嚮往武將官職，綠林犯法露名的觀念成為表現的重點。 《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》三部小說中公案隱退，但未絕跡；俠義抬頭，綠林的集團運作，與統治階級聯合打擊綠林同道的小說傳承，由姚民哀的「會黨小說」接班。「會黨小說」小說產生於清末民初綠林的蓬勃、新小說後期的通俗化、武俠與偵探小說獨立的時代，姚民哀以彈評藝人身份，運用評書技巧，從事會黨小說的創作。情節內容以揭露江湖秘聞與會黨秘密為主，小說人物著重描寫習武者與幫會人物，小說語言大量使用江湖隱語與幫會切口，小說內容主要反映出下層社會爭面子的價值觀，與軍閥時期兵匪不分家的社會現象。 / Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An are three similar types of fictions plotted with a fusion of ‘Gong-An’ and chivalry which retain the existing elements of ‘Gong-An’ fictions and chivalry fictions. The fusion of plots is the results from the reflection of time, the transition of contextualization, the expectations for ideal characters and the readers’ need. The originality of the fictions is primarily based on ‘Gong-An’ aided with chivalrous tales. The ‘Gong-An’ plot is mainly a continuation of ‘Gong-An’ fictions’ homicides and thefts presented by means of serial cases or cases within cases. With the addition of chivalrous plots, there are more and more cases of political rebellions, theft of official seals or government property, murder of imperial court officials and raping. The union of bandits and incorruptible officials, presented in the forms of heroes’ defections, protection of masters and breaking of cases, is the center of chivalrous plots. Features of these fictions include that there are more royal court officials than incorruptible officials; that bandits, whether pirates, brigands or evil gentry, demonstrate syndicate characteristics; that knight-errant-turned-court-officials, tending to be loyal, identify themselves with law and and order of that time; that knight-errants, borne ‘chivalry out of wandering in life’, characterize themselves with improvisation and treachery. The diction of these fictions, in addition to using litigators’ phrases, jargons of the underworld and chivalrous plots boosts the virtual reality of fictional crime scenes. Except for demonstrating the incorruptibility of the officials chivalrous ideas, the main themes of these fictions also stresses the traditional ‘do no evil’ teaching. The contents of these fictions reveal not only values of a non-mainstream social moral judgment, of being imperial court officials, of building of good names and of pursuing immediate profits but political clashes and social incidents of common people being intimidated by gentry and imperial agents. The sequels of Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An, showing the rise of chivalry and the fall of ‘Gong-An’, are created for commercial, political and psychological reasons. The plots emphasize heavily on breaking political rebellions, unifying of brethren for justice, cracking booby trapped buildings, winning the fights and striking clip joint with the description of special martial arts, tactics and weaponry. The characters contain not just super heroes and unique females of the underworld, monsters and evil figures are also introduced. The jargons of the underworld continue to be used. However, the litigators’ phrases are only used in Shi Gong-An. More plots features chivalry, knight-errant-turned-court-officials craving for promotion in the military, the underworld’s attempt to challenge the law to be known. ‘Gong-An’ in Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An gradually diminishes but is never extinct. ‘Syndicate fiction’, created by Yao Ming-ai, who, as a minstrel, using his skills of reviewing books, engages himself in writing that contains a tradition of the rise of chivalry, the functioning of the underworld and the joint operation with ruling class to nail down fellow gang members of the underworld. Syndicate fiction focuses its plots on discovering the secrets of the underworld and the syndicate with an emphasis on illustrating martial arts students and syndicate principals, using numbers of underworld jargons as dialogues, reflecting the underworld’s keen face-saving sense of value and the social phenomena in the warlord period when soldiers and bandits are sometimes hard to differentiate.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät für Geschichts- und Kunstwissenschaften--München--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 1987. / Bibliogr. p. 263-281. Index.

Habilitationsschrift--Universität Bonn, 2001. / Bibliogr. p. 613-652. Index.