Across international boundaries, linguistic and cultural diversity among pupils present teachers with pedagogic challenges. Research on teachers’ perceptions (e.g. Pajares, 1992; Woods, 1996; Farrell, 2005) suggests that the beliefs that teachers hold impact significantly on their classroom practices. This study adds to the existing body of international literature on teacher beliefs and literacy practices by exploring teachers’ perceptions about the reading literacy needs of EAL pupils and how these were met in Scottish secondary mainstream classroom contexts. In Scotland, policy specifies a Framework for Inclusion where pupils learning English as an additional language (hereafter EAL) are placed in mainstream classrooms. Schools are encouraged to play a key role in making sure that the needs of such pupils are addressed in an effort to raise achievement. A sociocultural theoretical lens was used to examine the shared and divergent beliefs and reading literacy practices of sixteen mainstream English teachers; five EAL teachers; and five head/depute head teachers across three local authorities. Participants’ responses communicated an undifferentiated understanding of the distinctive reading literacy needs of EAL pupils. The majority of teachers foregrounded reading as a set of universal skills that emphasised a knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. Ill-fitting policies and teachers’ experiences within the varying school contexts appeared to mediate how EAL pupils’ needs were constructed. Findings concerning the beliefs and practices of these teachers revealed that there was a lack of available ways of thinking about how to meet the reading literacy needs of EAL pupils effectively; such a lack impacted on the quality and number of learning opportunities EAL pupils had as they faced the reading literacy demands of mainstream classrooms. Teachers also highlighted their uncertainty about how to meet the reading literacy needs of such pupils effectively and this seemed to impact on how they constructed their identities as teachers within linguistically and culturally diverse classroom settings. In contrast, an overview of classroom literacy practices revealed that teachers enacted confident identities as they operated out of a secure knowledge base for developing reading literacy in monolingual English speaking classrooms. The study concludes with a discussion of the limitations related to the research design, and outlines the implications of the findings for policy, classroom literacy practices, and teachers’ professional development opportunities. It is argued that Scottish schools are no longer monolingual, monocultural environments, but rather cross-cultural sites. It is recommended that policy needs to reconceptualise and broaden how second language development is framed within its documents. It is also suggested that secondary classroom contexts address the importance of multidimensional critical literacy practices as a way to challenge the dominant undifferentiated constructions that permeate teachers’ beliefs about the development of reading literacy for pupils learning EAL. Such changes would position EAL pupils as legitimate participants in classroom literacy practices. The thesis concludes with a consideration of teacher identity and emphasises the need of ITE providers to provide a continuum of provision for pre-service and in-service teachers to enable them to develop the necessary knowledge and practices that would support the growing numbers of pupils learning EAL.

Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881) never published his piano suite, Pictures at an Exhibition. The first publication of the Pictures was Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov’s (1844-1908) piano edition in 1886, five years after Mussorgsky’s death. Among several piano editions of Pictures, Manfred Schandert’s urtext piano edition of 1984 has shed new light on the piano suite. The urtext edition is based on a facsimile of Mussorgsky’s autograph, and Schandert’s authoritative urtext contains all of Mussorgsky’s musical indications that previous editions neglected to include. Previous orchestrations based on less comprehensive editions include well-known orchestrations by Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) and Leopold Stokowski (1882-1977). Vladimir Ashkenazy (b. 1937), on the other hand, derived his orchestration directly from the Schandert edition. In this study I argue that Ashkenazy offers “corrections” to his predecessors, Ravel and Stokowski, whose orchestrations differ—at times radically—from Mussorgsky’s autograph. This dissertation thus will explore the significant features of Ashkenazy’s orchestration in relation to the urtext edition by comparing it to the orchestrations of Ravel and Stokowski. In an age of attempts to present “authentic” versions of past music, Ashkenazy’s orchestration provides an authenticity that other orchestrations lack. Ashkenazy’s orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition provides conductors an alternative performance option that is both effective and more closely related to Mussorgsky’s autograph.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the concept of completeness in an ordered field. Several conditions which are necessary and sufficient for completeness in an ordered field are examined. In Chapter I the definitions of a field and an ordered field are presented and several properties of fields and ordered fields are noted. Chapter II defines an Archimedean field and presents several conditions equivalent to the Archimedean property. Definitions of a complete ordered field (in terms of a least upper bound) and the set of real numbers are also stated. Chapter III presents eight conditions which are equivalent to completeness in an ordered field. These conditions include the concepts of nested intervals, Dedekind cuts, bounded monotonic sequences, convergent subsequences, open coverings, cluster points, Cauchy sequences, and continuous functions.

Adaptive reuse of historic buildings is often a good way to make use of empty unutilized spaces that are architecturally valuable to function as desirable and pleasing environments. The inherited architectural features, large amounts of craftsmanship in the details that usually accompany these older spaces are the appealing traits, which make them exclusive. The design idea of faculty housing in an early twenty’s century Baptist church currently used as the Virginia Commonwealth University Music Center represent an alternative option to it’s existing use. The faculty housing idea in this thesis, as a second adaptive reuse option does not try to resolve any existing problem with the current use, but is introducing an alternative way of design using old and new. To help with the progress of this thesis the following question was explored How is the integration of historic and new create a new entity?

An agreement on guilt and punishment The presented thesis deals with the relatively new institute of the criminal procedure, namely the agreement on guilt and punishment (hereinafter also referred to as "agreement") that was implemented into Czech law by an amendment of the Code of Criminal Procedure, namely by the Act no. 193/2012 Sb., effective from 1 September 2012. The introductory chapter deals with a closer description of the agreement on guilt and punishment. The author presents first available definitions of the agreement and points up its questionable classification as one of the so called "deviations" from the regular criminal procedure. The thesis evaluates the harmonization of this institute with the basic principles of criminal procedure, the fulfilment of which is decisive for the typical character of the continental criminal procedure. In this chapter, the thesis also deals with the question whether the agreed sanction is capable of fulfilling the purpose of punishment as such. The second chapter of the thesis is focused on the prerequisites that are necessary for the prosecutor and the accused to be allowed to enter into the agreement on guilt and punishment. Further, the chapter elaborates on the negotiation process and legal requisites of the agreement. Last but not least, the...

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:42:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 390593.pdf: 2301407 bytes, checksum: 4dbc9eea5969aa56e2a5f8b34cfec8c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-06 / Nosso trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da discursividade, contemplando a produ??o de sentido, em n?vel verbal e n?o-verbal, de seis Fotografias auto-referenciais realizadas no ano de 2003 por moradores do bairro Leonardo Ilha, em Passo Fundo/RS; assim como de seis not?cias sobre esta comunidade publicadas, entre janeiro e dezembro do mesmo ano, pelos jornais O Nacional e Di?rio da Manh?, ambos com circula??o di?ria no munic?pio. A sustenta??o te?rica da nossa pesquisa ser? constru?da com base nos pressupostos de Roland Barthes, por interm?dio de cinco categorias, a priori: Discurso (Pir?mides Normal, Mista e Invertida; e Fotografia), Estere?tipo, Mito, Poder e Socioleto (Encr?tico e Acr?tico); com o surgimento, a posteriori, das categorias Cultura e Not?cia. As reflex?es propostas est?o ancoradas no M?todo Dial?tico Hist?rico-Estrutural (DHE) e pela t?cnica metodol?gica da Semiologia. Encontramos, depois da realiza??o da leitura semiol?gica, algumas evid?ncias sobre a rela??o entre as Fotografias feitas pela comunidade e as Not?cias publicadas pelos jornais. As primeiras, apesar de se caracterizarem pela produ??o de um Discurso impregnado por muitos Estere?tipos e Mitos constru?dos e divulgados pela sociedade burguesa, s?o a express?o de um Socioleto Acr?tico, portanto, configurado ? margem do Poder. Suas figuras mais comuns s?o: a den?ncia do descaso encarnado pela figura da administra??o p?blica e a reivindica??o por aten??o e cuidado, em especial com as mulheres e as crian?as. Em contrapartida, a discursividade dos jornais, escondida sob o signo da imparcialidade, expressa um Socioleto Encr?tico. Seus textos s?o constru?dos atrav?s da apropria??o de uma estrutura que reproduz as condi??es de mercadoria e consumo da sociedade capitalista, ou seja, de muita informa??o em pouco espa?o para consumo, fazendo da Not?cia uma mercadoria. Al?m disso, deformam as falas da comunidade, sufocando seu Discurso atrav?s dos recortes e dos espa?os destinados a ela, tanto no que tange ? informa??o verbal quanto ? n?o-verbal, impondo-lhe uma condi??o de assujeitamento e transformando seus personagens em puro objeto, com a finalidade de garantir a manuten??o da classe dominante.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-02-16T15:39:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GilceliadePaulaSantosDissertacaoParcial2017.pdf: 1342828 bytes, checksum: 280d86560833a80e06f4a639d91b59e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-02-16T15:39:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GilceliadePaulaSantosDissertacaoParcial2017.pdf: 1342828 bytes, checksum: 280d86560833a80e06f4a639d91b59e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T15:39:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilceliadePaulaSantosDissertacaoParcial2017.pdf: 1342828 bytes, checksum: 280d86560833a80e06f4a639d91b59e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-29 / The present work consists of two essays and an experiment in which the behavior of the agents of the real estate market (Financial Institutions and alleged borrowers) is analyzed, using the Economic Analysis of Law combined with the Analytical-Behavioral Theory of Law. The objective of the work is to identify how these agents behave through the incentives granted by the Minha Casa, Minha Vida government program and the consequences of these behaviors in the real estate market. These studies are justified since the Federal Government has been working with the objective of reducing the country's housing deficit by means of actions to subsidize the acquisition of housing units for the lower income population, which are guided by a vast set of legal, Guiding the performance of individuals, builders and financial institutions, which ended up influencing the market, understood here as free interaction among the agents to perform barter trade. / O presente trabalho comp??e-se de dois estudos e um experimento, nos quais se analisa o comportamento dos agentes do mercado imobili??rio, institui????es financeiras e pretensos mutu??rios, utilizando-se a An??lise Econ??mica do Direito ??? AED. O objetivo dos trabalhos ?? identificar como comportam-se esses agentes mediante os incentivos concedidos pelo programa de governo Minha Casa Minha Vida e as consequ??ncias desses comportamentos no mercado imobili??rio. Estes estudos se justificam uma vez que o Governo Federal vem atuando com objetivo de reduzir o d??ficit habitacional do pa??s, por meio de a????es de subs??dios ?? aquisi????o de unidades habitacionais ?? popula????o de menor renda. Estas a????es s??o norteadas por um vasto conjunto de regras jur??dicas, guiando a atua????o de indiv??duos, construtoras e institui????es financeiras, que acabam por influenciar o mercado, aqui compreendido como intera????o livre entre os agentes para realiza????o de trocas por meio de barganha.

This thesis examines the effect of bank-specific variables on investment bank performance, as estimated by efficiency and financial indicators, in the G7 and Switzerland countries, over the 1997-2012 period. Moreover, we investigate the impact of expansionary monetary policies on the risk-taking of investment banks between 2007 and 2014. Firstly, we investigate the impact of risk, liquidity and fee-based income on cost efficiency prior to and during the crisis. Then, we examine the presence of possible threshold effects of bank-specific variables on performance (cost efficiency). Moreover, we investigate whether there is difference between the impact of liquidity on the performance of stand-alone investment banks and on investment banks that belong to a larger banking entity. Secondly, we assess the impact of corporate governance on the performance (profitability and profit efficiency) of the US investment banks. We focus on five different categories of governance measures: i) board structure, ii) executive compensation, iii) ownership, iv) CEO power and v) operational complexity. We put emphasis on the impact of board size and board ownership on performance by examining for threshold effects of these variables. Thirdly, we examine the impact of M&A advisory fees on bank performance, as estimated by technical inefficiency, using a methodology that includes as an undesirable output the bank-individual level of risk. Then we test the level of convergence in terms of M&A advisory fees and technical inefficiency of investment banks in the G7 and Switzerland prior to (1997-2007) during (2007-2010) and after the financial crisis (2010-2012). Fourthly, we study the effect of unconventional monetary policies (UMPs) on the risk-taking of investment banks in the US over the 2007-2014 period. We employ a number of alternative proxies that capture both directly UMPs: i) central bank's assets over gross domestic product ratio ii) monetary aggregates iii) Taylor gap; and indirectly through the usage of low-interest rates: i) federal fund rate and ii) shadow short rate. Finally, we provide conclusions together with limitations of this research and a plan for a future work.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-10-24T15:53:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_THIAGO_ARAGON_ZANELLA_COMPLETO.pdf: 603119 bytes, checksum: cbbdbf1409a33e533647677048c956da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-24T15:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_THIAGO_ARAGON_ZANELLA_COMPLETO.pdf: 603119 bytes, checksum: cbbdbf1409a33e533647677048c956da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Introduction: The first objective of telehealth is to promote contact between doctor and patient for the population in distant locations witch would not receive this medical attention otherwise. Telemedicine reduces time and distance in communication between patient and health professional. With the creation e mass use of smartphones due to their low cost and great public, various communication applications were created, the main one being WhatsApp messenger. With all these advances the potential for health evaluation greatly increased e new studies are necessary for validation of these technologies. Objective: Evaluate de use of mobile devices (smartphones) in the acquisition of photographs of radiographic films e their validation in interpretation for diagnosis of midface fracture (Waters view) in different remote instruments (tablets and smartphones). Methods: Forty occiptomental radiographs were selected and photographed in a lightbox by a mobile device (smartphone). The images where then sent to another smartphone through the WhatsApp application and to a tablet through e-mail. The evaluators were questioned about the presence of fracture and its location in both mobile devices and by the conventional method on the lightbox. Results: Both devices presented significant sensibility and specificity predicting positive and negative values. There was excellent agreement between two observers e medium for one observer. The tablet presented better results in the interpretation of the images. Conclusion: The use of the tablet for interpretation of the images send through e-mail (original size) obtained better results. Although the compression of the images fulfilled by the WhatsApp app the smarphone can be used for interpretation of mid face fractures. / Introdu??o: O primeiro objetivo da Telemedicina foi promover o contato entre m?dico e paciente para popula??es em locais remotos que n?o receberiam essa aten??o de outra maneira. A telemedicina proporciona redu??o do tempo e da dist?ncia na comunica??o entre paciente e profissional. Com a cria??o e massifica??o do uso de smartphones devido ao seu custo acess?vel ao grande p?blico, diversos aplicativos de comunica??o foram desenvolvidos entre eles se destaca o WhatsApp Messenger. Houve um aumento do potencial para avalia??o da sa?de em consequ?ncia aos grandes avan?os, tornando necess?rio a realiza??o de novos estudos para que a tecnologia seja validada. Objetivo: Avaliar a utiliza??o de dispositivo m?vel (smartphone) na aquisi??o de fotografias de filmes radiol?gicos e sua valida??o interpretativa para diagn?stico de fraturas de ter?o m?dio da face (Waters) em diferentes instrumentos remotos (tablet e smarphone). Metodologia:. Foram selecionadas 40 radiografias, extra-orais, p?stero-anteriores, naso- mento (Waters) que foram colocadas em um negatosc?pio e fotografadas utilizando um dispositivo m?vel (smartphone). As imagens ent?o foram enviadas para outro smartphone atrav?s do aplicativo WhatsApp e para um tablet por e-mail. Os avaliadores foram questionados sobre presen?a de fratura e localiza??o da fratura nos dois dispositivos e pelo m?todo convencional no negatosc?pio. Resultados: Ambos os dispositivos apresentaram significante sensibilidade e especificidade predizendo consideravelmente valores positivos e negativos. Houve excelente concord?ncia entre dois avaliadores e mediana para um dos avaliadores. Tablet apresentou melhor resultado na interpreta??o das imagens. Conclus?o: A utiliza??o do dispositivo Tablet para interpreta??o das imagens enviadas por e-mail (tamanho original) obteve os melhores resultados. Apesar da compress?o das imagens realizada pelo WhatsApp o smartphone pode ser utilizado para interpreta??o de fraturas do ter?o m?dio da face.