O presente estudo apresenta indícios de um aprender como ato a partir de um trajetar da pesquisadora nos ambientes escolares e, em especial, em turmas do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental, numa escola municipal localizada no Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Com uma proposta vinculada ao projeto Civitas – LELIC/PPGEDU/UFRGS, as tessituras do escrito dialogam com a produção do filósofo russo Mikhail Bakhtin, tendo como objeto de análise os enunciados produzidos pelos sujeitos atuantes na pesquisa (alunos/as; professorapesquisadora). Nessa perspectiva, a metodologia utilizada, singularmente, se apresenta como um ato ético-estético que se entrelaça, acolhe e enuncia modos singulares de ver, conceber e sentir o processo de aprendizagem e, mais precisamente, ao ato de aprender, revelando o inusitado de novas vizinhanças: e, neste sentido, aponta para as possibilidades da invenção fugindo do hábito para leituras originais do que se dá “às vistas” e “às escutas”, aos acabamentos estéticos provisórios possibilitados pelos excedentes de visão, também, como plano de produção de si numa arquitetônica coletiva de produção do conhecimento. Uma tessitura ao mesmo tempo ética (pelo encontro com o outro) e estética (na busca de lhe dar, à experiência, um acabamento) pelos quais os sujeitos situados se relacionam e produzem a sala de aula como lugar coletivo. / This study presents evidence of learning as an act from the researcher's transit in school environments and in particular in the second year classes of an elementary school, a public school located in the Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. With a proposal linked to the Civitas project - LELIC / PPGEDU / UFRGS, the interwoven of the written dialogues with the production of the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin, which has as object of analysis the utterances produced by the acting subjects in this research (students; the teacher-researcher). From this perspective, the methodology used is uniquely presented as an ethic-aesthetic act that intertwines, welcomes and sets unique ways of seeing, and feeling the learning process development, and more specifically the act of revealing the unusual learning of new neighborhoods. And in this sense it points to possibilities of the invention escaping from the current, original readings of what gives "the sights" and "the listenings" the provisional aesthetic completion made possible by the exceding vision as well as a production plan in itself, an architectural collective production of knowledge. A fabric that is at the same time ethic (in the meeting with the other) and aesthetic (in the quest of giving the other the experience, a completion) in which situated subjects relate and produce a classroom as a collective place.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-19T17:42:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1996 - Everaldo Zonta.pdf: 1943123 bytes, checksum: 68d390944248ef0f006da2af6d6385fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T17:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1996 - Everaldo Zonta.pdf: 1943123 bytes, checksum: 68d390944248ef0f006da2af6d6385fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996-07-11 / CNPq / An experiment was carried out to study the seasonal pattern of dry mass and nitrogen (N) distribution in the vegetative and reproductive parts of two rice cultivars of contrasting aerial architecture, as a function of the application of N in the maximum tillering stage. Substrate from the Ap horizon of a Red Yellow Podzolic soil was used as substrate. The cultivars Comum Branco (dryland) and IAC 4440 (irrigated) were combined with five application levels of N (as Ammonium Sulfate): 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g N m-2 in the maximum tillering, and grown in pots arranged in a completely randomized, greenhouse. During the plant cycle, seven successive collections were carried out in order to follow the phasic development as days after planting (DAP): beginning of tillering, maximum tillering, panicle differentiation, stem elongation, flowering, milky / pasty grain and physiological maturation of the grain, which corresponded to collections at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 115 and 135 DAP respectively. In each collection were determined the dry mass of: green and senescent leaves, stems and sheaths and roots. The green leaf area and root area were also determined. The N contents were determined in all these fractions by micro Kjeldhal technique. In the final collection the components of the production were evaluated: mass and number of panicle, viable and sterile grain, and their corresponding N contents. The experimental data were combined for the purpose of analysis of variance, in the form of a cultivar factorial x dose x DAP . Primary functions were adjusted from the data of dry mass and total N, foliar and root area, from which the growth and accumulation rates were derived, to obtain net assimilation rates and N influx rates. it was observed that during the period prior to flowering there were no differences in accumulation of total dry matter between the cultivars. There was a higher dry mass allocated in stalks and sheaths, and lower weight of senescent leaves mass in IAC 4440. The partition of dry mass in favor of roots was similar in both cultivars. The cultivar IAC 4440 established a potential productive superiority due to its greater number of tillers. As a consequence, it maintained a longer duration of photosynthetically active leaf area, resulting in a higher daily accumulation rate of dry matter and leaf area. Regarding the N accumulation patterns in the different biomass fractions, the same trend as that observed for dry mass accumulation was observed. However, the maximum rate of maximum accumulation of N occurred in both cultivars, rather than the maximum dry matter accumulation. Leaf N contents in both cultivars were similar until flowering. IAC 4440 had greater specific leaf area in the period, suggesting greater leaf N dilution. When compared to leaf area equality, the net assimilation rate was higher in IAC 4440, which indicates that the overproduction of area, affected the photosynthetic potential in this cultivar, to a greater degree than in Common White. In the post-flowering period, the dry matter partitioning pattern, which was rigidly fixed in pre-flowering, was manifested in a sustained remobilization of photoassimilates and N to the panicle in IAC 4440, evidenced by the reduction of dry mass and N contents of stalks and sheaths during the first 15 days post-flowering and additional contribution of N and C from marked leaf senescence in the maturation period. There was detention of the photo-assimilates and N remobilization of the panicle in Common White, after 15 days post-flowering, with consequent accumulation of dry matter and N in leaf stems and sheaths. The development of a secondary drainage originated in post-flowering neo-tillering may have subtracted photosynthates, otherwise able to be applied in the filling of the growing panicle. A higher grain weight per plant in IAC 4440 was explained by a higher number of panicles and a higher number of viable seeds, and lower crude protein levels, compared to White Common. Regarding the dry mass and nitrogen distribution patterns during the cycle of the cultivars, the effects resulting from the single application of N at the maximum tillering were diluted during the development of the plants, so that they had very little effect on the dynamics of retranslocation of C and N after flowering. This dilution effect was responsible for the non-significance of the interaction of practically none of the primary descriptive growth parameters of the cultivars. No effect of N on phasic development was also noted. The higher levels of N applied favored an increase in net assimilation due to an increase in leaf N content. At higher levels of N application, leaf mass increased without area promotion, which was evidenced by the increase in its specific weight. However, the N content did not significantly reduce leaf senescence; The application of N did not affect significantly the production, only affecting an increase in the percentage of sterility of the spikelets, which counterbalanced the gain of one panicle per plant. As a global result of the work, it was concluded that the patterns of dry matter production and C and N remobilization to the grain, are regulated genetically, showing cultivar specificity. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization is efficient only in order to ensure high rates of physiological activity of panicles and other organs related to grain filling, but not in changing the pattern itself. / Foi instalado um experimento com o objetivo de estudar o padr?o sazonal de distribui??o de massa seca e nitrog?nio (N) nas partes vegetativas e reprodutivas de duas cultivares de arroz de arquitetura a?rea contrastante, em fun??o da aplica??o de N no est?gio de m?ximo perfilhamento. Usou-se como substrato terra proveniente do horizonte Ap de um solo Podz?lico Vermelho Amarelo. As cultivares Comum Branco (de sequeiro) e IAC 4440 (irrigada) foram combinadas com cinco n?veis de aplica??o de N (na forma de Sulfato de Am?nia): 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 g N m-2, no est?gio de m?ximo perfilhamento, e cultivadas em potes dispostos de forma inteiramente casualizada, em casa de vegeta??o. Durante o ciclo das plantas foram realizadas sete coletas sucessivas, de forma a acompanhar o desenvolvimento f?sico como dias ap?s plantio (DAP): in?cio do perfilhamento, perfilhamento m?ximo, diferencia??o da pan?cula, elonga??o de colmos, flora??o, gr?o leitoso/pastoso e matura??o fisiol?gica do gr?o, o que correspondeu ? coletas aos 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 115 e 135 DAP respectivamente. Em cada coletas foram determinados a massa seca de: folhas verdes e senescentes, colmos e bainhas e ra?zes. A ?rea foliar verde e ?rea radicular foram tamb?m determinadas. Os teores de N foram determinados em todas estas fra??es, por t?cnica de micro Kjeldhal. Na coleta final foram avaliados os componentes da produ??o: massa e n?mero de pan?cula, gr?o vi?vel e est?ril, e seus correspondentes teores de N. Os dados experimentais foram combinados para finalidade de an?lise de vari?ncia, na forma de um fatorial cultivar x dose x DAP. Fun??es prim?rias foram ajustadas a partir dos dados de massa seca e conte?do total de N, ?rea foliar e radicular, das quais foram derivadas as taxas de crescimento e de ac?mulo, para f?ns de obten??o das taxas de assimila??o l?quida e influxos de N. Concluiu-se que durante o per?odo anterior ? flora??o, n?o existiram diferen?as em ac?mulo de mat?ria seca total entre as cultivares. Houve maior massa seca alocada em colmos e bainhas, e menor peso de massa de folhas senescentes em IAC 4440. A parti??o de massa seca em favor de ra?zes resultou similar em ambas as cultivares. A cultivar IAC 4440 estabeleceu uma superioridade produtiva potencial em fun??o de seu maior n?mero de perfilhos. Como consequ?ncia, manteve maior dura??o de ?rea foliar fotossinteticamente ativa, resultando em maior taxa de ac?mulo di?rio de mat?ria seca e ?rea foliar. Com rela??o aos padr?es de ac?mulo de N nas diferentes fra??es da biomassa, foi observado a mesma tend?ncia que a verificada para ac?mulo de massa seca. Por?m, a taxa m?xima de m?ximo ac?mulo de N, aconteceu em ambas as cultivar, antes do que os m?ximos de ac?mulo de mat?ria seca. Os teores de N foliares em ambas as cultivares foram similares at? a flora??o. IAC 4440 teve maior ?rea foliar espec?fica no per?odo, sugerindo maior dilui??o de N foliar. Quando comparadas ? igualdade de ?rea foliar, a taxa de assimila??o l?quida foi superior em IAC 4440, o que indica que a sobreprodu??o de ?rea, prejudicou o potencial fotossint?tico nesta cultivar, em maior grau que em Comum Branco. No per?odo p?s-flora??o, o padr?o de parti??o de mat?ria seca ao gr?o, o qual foi rigidamente fixado na pr?-flora??o, manifestou-se em uma remobiliza??o sustentada de fotoassimilados e N ? pan?cula em IAC 4440, evidenciado pela redu??o de massa seca e conte?do de N de colmos e bainhas durante os primeiros 15 dias p?s-flora??o e contribui??o adicional de N e C a partir de acentuada senesc?ncia foliar no per?odo de matura??o. Houve deten??o da remobiliza??o de fotoassimilados e de N ? pan?cula em Comum Branco, ap?s os 15 dias p?s-flora??o, com consequente ac?mulo de mat?ria seca e N em colmos e bainhas foliares. O desenvolvimento de um dreno secund?rio originado em neo-perfilhamento p?s-flora??o, pode ter subtra?do fotossintatos, de outra forma, pass?veis de serem aplicados no enchimento da pan?cula em crescimento. Um maior peso de gr?os por planta em IAC 4440 foi explicado por maior n?mero de pan?culas e maior n?mero de sementes vi?veis, e menores teores de prote?na bruta, em rela??o a Comum Branco. Com rela??o aos padr?es de distribui??o de massa seca e nitrog?nio durante o ciclo das cultivares, os efeitos decorrentes da aplica??o ?nica de N por ocasi?o do m?ximo perfilhamento foram dilu?dos durante o de desenvolvimento das plantas, de forma que tiveram efeito muito reduzido sobre a din?mica de retransloca??o de C e N p?s-flora??o. Esse efeito de dilui??o foi respons?vel pela n?o significa??o da intera??o de praticamente nenhum dos par?metros prim?rios descritivos de crescimento das cultivares. Tamb?m n?o foi notado efeito do N no desenvolvimento f?sico. Os maiores n?veis de N aplicados, favoreceram um aumento da assimila??o l?quida devido ? um aumento no teor de N foliar. Aos maiores n?veis de aplica??o de N, o peso de massa foliar aumentou, sem promo??o de ?rea, o que foi evidenciado pelo aumento do seu peso espec?fico. Entretanto, o teor de N n?o reduziu significativamente a senesc?ncia foliar; A aplica??o de N n?o afetou significativamente a produ??o, incidindo apenas num aumento da percentagem de esterilidade das espiguetas, que contrabalanceou o ganho de uma pan?cula por planta. Como resultado global do trabalho, foi concluido que os padr?es de produ??o de mat?ria seca e de remobiliza??o de C e N ao gr?o, est?o regulados geneticamente, mostrando especificidade de cultivar. Portanto, a fertiliza??o nitrogenada ? eficiente apenas no sentido de assegurar altas taxas de atividade fisiol?gica das pan?culas e demais ?rg?os relacionados ao enchimento de gr?os, mas n?o na mudan?a do padr?o em s?.

Tesis para optar al grado de Mag?ster en Econom?a Aplicada / Memoria para optar al t?tulo de Ingeniera Civil Industrial / Una de las interrogantes m?s interesantes asociadas a la econom?a tiene relaci?n con el saber como se desencadenan las crisis, burbujas y movimientos burs?tiles. De la misma forma, existe una gran pregunta sin responder asociada a la influencia de los medios de comunicaci?n en las decisiones de los inversionistas. Es por lo anterior, que durante el desarrollo de esta investigaci?n se genero una base de datos hist?rica de las noticias publicadas diariamente por el New York Times desde su puesta en circulaci?n en el a?o 1851 hasta el 2014, junto con esto se caracterizo la relaci?n existente entre el contenido de las noticias publicadas por dicho diario y la probabilidad de currency crisis, ademas de la relaci?n entre la cantidad de noticias publicadas y los retornos del indice Dow Jones. De esta forma para el primer caso fue posible ver que existe una relaci?n positiva entre la cantidad de palabras positivas sobre el total de palabras publicadas por dicho diario y la probabilidad de currency crisis en Estados Unidos. Luego, si este mismo an?lisis se realiza para el resto del mundo, es posible observar que el efecto que tienen las noticias sobre la econom?a local difiere del efecto que podr?an provocar sobre el resto del mundo, lo anterior, esta estrechamente relacionado con el rol informativo que tienen las noticias de Estados Unidos en el mundo. Por otro lado para el caso de los retornos, estos pueden ser predichos por la cantidad de noticias publicadas, pero solo durante las recesiones y dicho efecto era m?s importante en la antig?edad. Por otro lado se estudiaron los mecanismos que podr?an relacionar la estabilidad con posibles episodios de crisis, en particular caracterizando la existencia de alguna relaci?n entre la tasa de inter?s como un proxi del coeficiente de aversi?n al riesgo, el ratio inversi?n/capital y la current account como una medida de la salud de la econom?a, encontrando que un aumento en la variable asociada a la estabilidad llevaba a un aumento tanto en la current account como en el ratio inversi?n/capital, mientras que en el caso de la tasa de inter?s pasaba lo contrario. Tomando en consideraci?n los resultados es posible darse cuenta que tal cual lo plantea \citet{minsky1992financial} en su hip?tesis de inestabilidad financiera, periodos de estabilidad podr?an terminar desencadenando un episodio inestabilidad. Todo esto relacionado tanto con el exceso de informaci?n como con los sesgos de percepci?n asociados a los inversionistas, los cuales impiden que ellos puedan ver con claridad lo que esta sucediendo, llev?ndolos a tomar decisiones de manera apresurada o considerando informaci?n que es irrelevante en la toma de decisiones y omitiendo aquella informaci?n que si lo es.

Tesis para optar al grado de Mag?ster en Ling??stica menci?n Lengua Espa?ola / Facultad de Filosof?a y Humanidades / El presente trabajo de tesis se enmarca en el amplio ?mbito del an?lisis del discurso,m?s espec?ficamente en el an?lisis del discurso pol?tico en Chile. Se han elegido como corpus cuatro discursos presidenciales de tendencias pol?ticas contrarias y de distintas etapas de la historia nacional, a fin de analizarlos y compararlos en sus planos ling??stico y estrat?gicocomunicacional. Dichos discursos corresponden a Jorge Alessandri Rodr?guez, Salvador Allende, Michelle Bachelet y Sebasti?n Pi?era, investidos como presidentes de Chile en 1958, 1970, 2006 y 2011 , respectivamente. Esta investigaci?n es de naturaleza anal?tico-contrastiva, aunque sin descartar la posibilidad de esbozar intentos de explicaci?n de las peculiaridades de los discursos pol?ticos chilenos, en relaci?n con los puntos de vista hist?rico, cultural y sociol?gico.

Seminario de Grado para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / Facultad de Filosof?a y Humanidades / Humour is an aspect of social interaction we are often exposed to. We experience it in everyday situation. In fact, many people even make a living out of being funny.That is they are professional humour makers. Some good representatives of this activity are stand-up comedians. Not surprisingly, humour is a complex social and psychological phenomenon. People may wonder: why do some people laugh when a comedian tells a certain joke but when they hear the exact same joke from another comedian they do not find it at all amusing? The ability to understand humor and be able to enjoy it is called ?sense of humour?. People?s personality plays a crucial role when it comes to explain people?s sense of humour. Another important factor that defines their sense of humour is their culture. People from different cultural backgrounds share different social norms, codes, and beliefs. Hence, culture will also deeply influence the things we laugh about. Therefore, our sense of humour will vary according to the cultural community that we live in because we have a given cultural background which molds our collective sense of humour

Dans la première partie nous étudions l'apprentissage et le rappel dans des réseaux de neurones à une couche (modèle de Hopfield). Nous proposons un algorithme d'apprentissage qui est capable d'optimiser la 'stabilité', un paramètre qui décrit la qualité de la représentation d'un pattern dans le réseau. Pour des patterns aléatoires, cet algorithme permet d'atteindre la borne théorique de Gardner. Nous étudions ensuite l'importance dynamique de la stabilité et d'un paramètre concernant la symétrie de la matrice de couplages. Puis, nous traitons le cas où les couplages ne peuvent prendre que deux valeurs (inhibiteur, excitateur). Pour ce modèle nous établissons les limites supérieures de la capacité par un calcul numérique, et nous proposons une solution analytique. La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à une étude détaillée - du point de vue de la physique statistique - du problème du voyageur de commerce. Nous étudions le cas spécial d'une matrice aléatoire de connexions. Nous exposons la théorie de ce problème (suivant la méthode des répliques) et la comparons aux résultats d'une étude numérique approfondie.

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A special role amongst various efforts to combat transnational criminal activity belongs to extradition, which has transformed into a form of international cooperation and became an indispensable tool for ensuring criminal responsibility in any part of the world. However, for a long period of time, an individual in the process of extradition has been treated as a passive object of intergovernmental relations which have a significant political component. In this thesis, the claim is that treatment of an individual as a rights bearer and an active subject of legal relationships among other parties of the process, combined with transfer of final decision-making right from the executive to judiciary branch of power, is capable to enable application of the Rule of law principles to particular extradition cases, limit broad discretion of decision makers and minimize political component of extradition.

A special role amongst various efforts to combat transnational criminal activity belongs to extradition, which has transformed into a form of international cooperation and became an indispensable tool for ensuring criminal responsibility in any part of the world. However, for a long period of time, an individual in the process of extradition has been treated as a passive object of intergovernmental relations which have a significant political component. In this thesis, the claim is that treatment of an individual as a rights bearer and an active subject of legal relationships among other parties of the process, combined with transfer of final decision-making right from the executive to judiciary branch of power, is capable to enable application of the Rule of law principles to particular extradition cases, limit broad discretion of decision makers and minimize political component of extradition.

In recent years the U. S. and Canada have seen a steady increase in energy consumption. The U. S. in particular uses 25% more energy than it did 20 years ago. With declining natural resources and an increase in fuel costs, it has become important to find methods of reducing energy consumption, in which energy conservation in space heating and cooling has become a widely researched area. One method that has been identified to reduce the energy required for space heating is the use of radiant panels. Radiant panels are beneficial because the temperature set points in a room can be lowered without sacrificing occupant comfort. They have therefore become very popular in the market. Further research, however, is required to optimize the performance of these panels so energy savings can be realized. <br /><br /> An analytical model has been developed to predict the panel temperature and heat output for perimeter radiant panel systems with a known inlet temperature and flow rate, based on a flat plate solar collector (RSC) model. As radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients were required to run the model, an analytical analysis of the radiative heat transfer was performed, and a numerical model was developed to predict the convective heat transfer coefficient. Using the conventional radiative heat exchange method assuming a three-surface enclosure, the radiative heat transfer could be determined. Numerically, a correlation was developed to predict the natural convective heat transfer. <br /><br /> To validate the analytical model, an experimental analysis was performed on radiant panels. A 4m by 4m by 3m test chamber was constructed in which the surrounding walls and floor were maintained at a constant temperature and the heat output from an installed radiant panel was measured. Two radiant panels were tested; a 0. 61m wide panel with 4 passes and a 0. 61m wide panel with 8 passes. The panels were tested at 5 different inlet water temperatures ranging from 50°C to 100°C. <br /><br /> The RSC model panel temperature and heat output predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. The RSC model followed the same trends as that in the experimental results, and the panel temperature and panel heat output were within experimental uncertainty, concluding that the RSC model is a viable, simple algorithm which could be used to predict panel performance.