Nesta pesquisa foram estudadas as improvisações musicais livres de uma perspectiva anarquista, i.e., interessada em anarquizar as múltiplas relações a elas associadas. Discute-se isto tendo em vista questões influenciadas metodologicamente por Michel Foucault. Uma delas diz respeito a maneira pela qual se dão as performances, para a qual importa tratar das relações do improvisador consigo mesmo, com os demais performers e de como ambas incidem no fluxo (o desdobramento temporal da performance). Nesta questão se lida sobretudo com as pesquisas de Manuel Falleiros e Rogério Costa. Outra questão concerne ao lugar (o espaço físico, geograficamente \"localizável\") em que tais práticas são realizadas, indicando também a importância das relações que circundam as performances. Para esta são trazidas considerações de Costa, Chefa Alonso e David Bell, bem como a noção de heterotopia, cunhada por Foucault e associada aos anarquismos por Edson Passetti; e ainda, minhas considerações relacionadas ao período em que assisti aos ensaios da Orquestra Errante (OE) - grupo de improvisação livre da USP, coordenado pelo orientador desta pesquisa. Uma última questão concerne à dissolução dos improvisadores, tendo em vista, por questão de recorte, sobretudo suas relações consigo mesmo (em sentidos múltiplos). Para esta, refere-se também a OE e faz-se uso do filósofo Max Stirner. Importa ainda ao trabalho opor as invenções, com seus percursos e transitoriedades, à criação, aspirante à perfeição e ao acabado. / In this research was studied the free musical improvisations from an anarchist perspective, i.e., interested in anarchize the multiple relations associated to it. This is discussed by looking to questions methodologically influenced by Michel Foucault. One of them concerns to the way in which the performances are given, for which it is important the relations of the improviser with himself, with the other performers e how them both converge in the flow (the temporary unfolding of the performance). In this question it is dealt mostly with the researches of Manuel Falleiros and Rogério Costa. Other question concerns to the place (the physical space, geographically \"localizable\") in which those practices are realized, also evidencing the importance of the relations that go around the performances. For this are brought considerations from Costa, Chefa Alonso and David Bell, as well as the notion of heterotopia, coined by Foucault and associated to the anarchisms by Edson Passetti; and also my considerations related to the period in which I watched the rehearsals of Orquestra Errante (OE) - free improvisation group from USP, coordinated by the advisor of the present research. One last question concerns to the dissolution of the improviser by looking, for a clipping reason, mostly to its relations with himself (in multiple senses). For this, it is referred also to OE and it is made an use of the philosopher Max Stirner. It is also important to this work to oppose the inventions, with its courses and transitority, to the creation, that aspires to perfection and the finished.

Nesta pesquisa foram estudadas as improvisações musicais livres de uma perspectiva anarquista, i.e., interessada em anarquizar as múltiplas relações a elas associadas. Discute-se isto tendo em vista questões influenciadas metodologicamente por Michel Foucault. Uma delas diz respeito a maneira pela qual se dão as performances, para a qual importa tratar das relações do improvisador consigo mesmo, com os demais performers e de como ambas incidem no fluxo (o desdobramento temporal da performance). Nesta questão se lida sobretudo com as pesquisas de Manuel Falleiros e Rogério Costa. Outra questão concerne ao lugar (o espaço físico, geograficamente \"localizável\") em que tais práticas são realizadas, indicando também a importância das relações que circundam as performances. Para esta são trazidas considerações de Costa, Chefa Alonso e David Bell, bem como a noção de heterotopia, cunhada por Foucault e associada aos anarquismos por Edson Passetti; e ainda, minhas considerações relacionadas ao período em que assisti aos ensaios da Orquestra Errante (OE) - grupo de improvisação livre da USP, coordenado pelo orientador desta pesquisa. Uma última questão concerne à dissolução dos improvisadores, tendo em vista, por questão de recorte, sobretudo suas relações consigo mesmo (em sentidos múltiplos). Para esta, refere-se também a OE e faz-se uso do filósofo Max Stirner. Importa ainda ao trabalho opor as invenções, com seus percursos e transitoriedades, à criação, aspirante à perfeição e ao acabado. / In this research was studied the free musical improvisations from an anarchist perspective, i.e., interested in anarchize the multiple relations associated to it. This is discussed by looking to questions methodologically influenced by Michel Foucault. One of them concerns to the way in which the performances are given, for which it is important the relations of the improviser with himself, with the other performers e how them both converge in the flow (the temporary unfolding of the performance). In this question it is dealt mostly with the researches of Manuel Falleiros and Rogério Costa. Other question concerns to the place (the physical space, geographically \"localizable\") in which those practices are realized, also evidencing the importance of the relations that go around the performances. For this are brought considerations from Costa, Chefa Alonso and David Bell, as well as the notion of heterotopia, coined by Foucault and associated to the anarchisms by Edson Passetti; and also my considerations related to the period in which I watched the rehearsals of Orquestra Errante (OE) - free improvisation group from USP, coordinated by the advisor of the present research. One last question concerns to the dissolution of the improviser by looking, for a clipping reason, mostly to its relations with himself (in multiple senses). For this, it is referred also to OE and it is made an use of the philosopher Max Stirner. It is also important to this work to oppose the inventions, with its courses and transitority, to the creation, that aspires to perfection and the finished.

L’anarchisme vit un renouveau un peu partout sur le globe depuis les années 1990 et la montée du mouvement contre la mondialisation. Cependant pour les chercheurs contemporains, le lien est bien mince entre l’anarchisme du 21e siècle et le mouvement anarchiste du début du 20e siècle. Selon ces chercheurs, l’anarchisme contemporain serait davantage caractérisé par la nature expérimentale de ses stratégies et par son focus sur le moment présent. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de démontrer qu’il est possible de tracer des liens clairs entre les auteurs anarchistes classiques et l’anarchisme contemporain. En effet, certains auteurs classiques de ce courant vivent leur anarchisme dans le moment présent contrairement à ce que laissent entendre implicitement les chercheurs qui se sont penchés sur l’anarchisme contemporain. Nous analysons les cas d’auteurs anarchistes de la première moitié du 20e siècle comme Alexander Berkman, Emma Goldman, Joseph J. Cohen, Albert Libertad, Émile Armand et Rirette Maîtrejean. Une analyse de la colonie libertaire d’Aiglemont complète le tableau. Notre approche centrée sur l’étude des pratiques militantes repose sur trois conceptions idéal-typiques. Nous considérons trois types de pratiques anarchistes : l’action anarchiste de type insurrectionnel, de type syndicaliste et de type éducationnisteréalisateur. Nous concluons que les pratiques du mouvement anarchiste contemporain s’apparentent aux pratiques de certains anarchistes classiques, c’est-à-dire les pratiques de type éducationniste-réalisateur. / Anarchism has seen a revival across the globe since the 1990s and the rise of the movement against globalization. However for contemporary researchers, the link is thin between the current anarchist movement and the anarchist movement of the early 20th century. According to these researchers, contemporary anarchism is more characterized by the experimental nature of its strategies and its focus on the present tense. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to draw parallels between some of the classical anarchists writers and contemporary anarchism. Indeed, some anarchists of the early 20th century lived their anarchism from day to day contrary to what suggest implicitly some researchers who have studied contemporary anarchism. We analyze the cases of anarchists writers of the early 20th century such as Alexander Berkman, Emma Goldman, Joseph J. Cohen, Albert Libertad, Emile Armand and Rirette Maîtrejean. An analysis of the Aiglemont libertarian colony completes the picture. Our approach focus on the study of activists practices based on three ideals types designs. We consider three types of anarchists practices: insurrectionary anarchist action type, union type and the experimental-educationist type. We conclude that the practices of the contemporary anarchist movement are similar in some ways to the practices of at least a few classical anarchists, that is to say, the experimental-educationist type of anarchists practices.