For such a small open economy as is the case of the Czech Republic, export is one of the key growth factors. Further, small and medium sized enterprises are very efficient tool of the economic stability. Government should therefore analyse and fulfil export needs of those entrepreneurs. There is actually no questin about importance of government assistance. Most of the developed countries already help their small and medium enterprises. Ignoring this fact could lead to the reduction of the competitive strength of Czech companies. The diploma thesis analyses the export needs of those firms and compares them with the government assistance programs. Theoretical part is focused on definition of this entrepreneur's category, describes assistance frame and analyses the influence of export on the Czech economy. Practical part deals with individual export assistance programs and analyses the export needs of Czech exporters based on several surveys. The last part of the diploma thesis compares the Czech government assistance with the assistance that foreign countries provide their entrepreneurs with. The final recommendations regarding the possibilities of increase in the efficiency of the government assistence are included in the last chapter.

The problem of the Italian economy of last years is the low economic growth and international competitiveness crisis of it's productive system. In already so belated europian train is the Italian economy among the lasts wagons. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze Italian innovation policy and it's impact upon export. First chapter describes the term "innovation" and introduces the innovation policy in general. The second chapter analyzes contemporary economic characteristic of Italy in order to understand further issues, especially the development of essential macroeconomics indicators, the structure of Italian economy, the typology of firms and the anticrisis measures with the prediction of the further economic development. Third charter chapter analyzes contemporary main features of the Italian innovation policy: expenditures on reconstruction and development much like on education, describes human and risk capital, patents, scientific publications and technological balance of payments. It focuses also on the impact of the financial crisis upon the innovation activity, on the role of the government in the innovation policy, on it's evaluation with other europian countries and on the upcoming innovation strategies. The last fourth chapter concentrates on the analyze of influence of the innovation policy on the Italian's export. It focuses on the main govermental institutions concerned with export much like on the contemporary development of the Italian's commodity and territorial structure of export. The diploma thesis points out that Italy, as one of the moderate innovators, is not doing enough to become an innovation oriented economy. However Italian innovation policy is the most important instrument to reach this long term goal. Nevertheless Italy has maintained many reforms in its institutional basis or education system, there are still many shortcomings e.g. there is a strong need of evaluation of some old programs and further strengthening of innovation activity of small and medium sized enterprises, the same way as the increase of the government expenditures on all sectors of the innovation policy. The diploma thesis shows clearly that the innovation policy is one of the most important topics not only for Italy, but also for the rest of the world.

The diploma thesis has been written as an enlargement of my bachelor thesis. The fundament remained same - analysis of a company that operates in a international environment. As a added value above the bachelor thesis, I have worked on the changes that met the company since 2008 when I handed out the bachelor thesis. I have also solved the problems that the company must face to in current times and at the end I came up with proposals that could help the firm in those hard times.

The main goal of the theses is to analyze economic cooperation of Czech republic and Canada. There is a particular information about Canadian economical and political setting as well as local business environment. The theses places emphasis on how to help Czech exporters trading with Canada, and gives complete overview of opportunities for export, entrance to the market and helps to understand local business customs.

First part of the theses deals with mutual trade between the Czech Republic and Germany. There are specified single instruments of pro-export policy and importance of the EU, Consensus OECD and the Berne Union in the area of export support. Second part describes export support system in the Czech Republic, its strategy, institutions and offered services. Third part deals with export support in Germany, its programmes and institutions. In forth part, comparison of both export support systems in both countries is conducted. Regarding the orientation of the theses on institutions providing export credit instance, last part involves also a practical example of export insurance.

The first part of this paper analyses basic principles of light aircraft industry and an export strategy of the company Aerospool with the aim to identify key aspects of this industry. The second part covers specifically the market of the USA. It contains competition analysis and PEST analysis which identifies key specifics of this market. SWOT analysis discover strengths and weaknesses of the company in the context of US market and threats and opportunities, which company can meet at this market. In the end there is a proposition of possible way of bigger penetration of the company Aerospool.

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es identificar las principales actividades logísticas que influyeron positivamente en las exportaciones de mango peruano con la sub partida número 0804502000 desde el Puerto de Paita hacia Estados Unidos durante los años 2012 y 2017. Se considera este periodo debido a que este puerto fue concesionado en el año 2009 a Terminales Portuarios Euroandinos, pero comenzó sus actividades en el año 2011. Durante los años 2012 y 2015 se observó que las exportaciones de mangos han tenido una tendencia positiva; sin embargo, en el año 2016 se aprecia una disminución. Cabe destacar que el Perú ocupa el sexto puesto en exportación de mango a nivel mundial, encontrándose por debajo de Brasil dentro de los países de Sudamérica. El Puerto de Paita es el principal punto de salida del mango al mercado internacional, siendo el primer país de destino Países Bajos, pero en este estudio se considerará al segundo país de destino, Estados Unidos por ser una potencia mundial y tener una gran extensión geográfica y poblacional, el cual está en crecimiento. Para analizar las principales actividades logísticas en este periodo se ha realizado una investigación cuantitativa, utilizando la herramienta de la encuesta con el instrumento cuestionario a 31 ejecutivos expertos en logística y comercio exterior de un total de 26 empresas exportadoras de mango desde el Puerto de Paita. Cabe resaltar que estas empresas representan el 80% de las exportaciones en el periodo analizado. Para hacer este análisis se ha utilizado el programa estadístico SPSS, con el fin de evaluar las hipótesis planteadas. De esta manera, se encontró que la mejora en las actividades logísticas: infraestructura, transporte y almacenaje desde la Concesión del Puerto ha influido positivamente en la exportación del mango durante el periodo analizado. Pero es necesario realizar algunas mejoras dentro de dicho puerto para que el valor exportado siga yendo en aumento en los siguientes años. / The objective of this research work is to identify the main logistics activities that have positively influenced in the export of Peruvian mango from the Port of Paita to the United States during the years 2012 to 2017. This period is considered due to the fact that this port was concessioned in 2009 to Port Terminals Euroandinos, but started its activities in 2011. During the years 2012 to 2015 it is observed that mango exports have had a positive trend; however, in 2016 there is a decrease. It should be noted that Peru occupies the sixth position in mango exports worldwide, being below Brazil with respect to the countries of South America. The Port of Paita is the main point of departure of the mango to the international market, being the first destination country The Netherlands, but in this study is considered the second country of destination the United States for being a world power and having a large geographical area and population, which is growing. To analyze the main logistic actions in this period, a quantitative investigation was carried out on 31 experts in logistics and foreign trade from a total of 26 mango exporting companies from the Port of Paita, using the survey tool with the questionnaire instrument. And with the statistical program SPSS, the factorial and discriminant analysis is obtained to determine the hypotheses proposed. In this way, it was found that the improvement in logistics actions: infrastructure, transport and storage by the Port Concession has positively influenced mango exports during the period analyzed. But it is necessary to make some improvements within this port so that the exported value continues to increase in the following years. / Tesis

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar o comércio internacional e estimar os determinantes da demanda e oferta de exportação de carne bovina do Brasil para o período de 2002 a 2017. O Brasil permanece como o maior exportador mundial desse produto agropecuário. Além disso, busca-se elaborar um modelo teórico que explica o crescimento da exportação da carne bovina brasileira. A análise é pautada no comércio de carne bovina desossada e congelada para a Ásia e propõe-se a investigar as elasticidades das variáveis econômicas que constituem a oferta e demanda de exportação para esse mercado específico. Também se pretende estimar o impacto das medidas sanitárias estabelecidas pelo mercado asiático sobre as vendas do Brasil. Por meio de modelo de equações simultâneas, aplicam-se os métodos de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios (2SLS) e mínimos quadrados em três estágios (3SLS) para estimar as equações. Os resultados mostram que, para a equação de demanda de exportação, o preço da carne bovina brasileira no mercado asiático é uma variável relevante para a performance do setor. Os preços da carne bovina dos países concorrentes do Brasil na Ásia também apresentam coeficientes expressivos. Para a equação de oferta de exportação, constata-se que a variável peso médio das carcaças, que representa a produtividade, exibe a maior elasticidade entre os fatores analisados nessa equação. A renda interna e o preço do produto brasileiro no mercado asiático também são variáveis que interferem com maior grau no desempenho do volume exportado de carne bovina. Em relação aos embargos estabelecidos por Filipinas, a exportação de carne bovina do Brasil para a Ásia reduziu 21,45%. Esse resultado se deve principalmente a suspensão da compra devido à reintrodução do vírus da febre aftosa no Paraná e no Mato Grosso do Sul em outubro de 2005. A China também suspendeu a compra de carne bovina brasileira em dezembro de 2012, após a ocorrência de um caso atípico no Brasil de BSE, retomando as negociações em novembro de 2014. Mas, nesse caso, as vendas do Brasil para a Ásia não foram afetadas. Os chineses podem ter consumido o produto brasileiro via Hong Kong, considerado um mercado \"cinza\", ou seja, não formal e porta de entrada para a China. / The main objective of this work is to analyze international trade and estimate the determinants of the demand and supply of beef exports from Brazil for the period from 2002 to 2017. Brazil remains the world\'s largest exporter of this agricultural product. In addition, it seeks to elaborate a theoretical model that explains the export growth of the Brazilian beef. The analysis is based on the trade of boneless and frozen beef to Asia and it is proposed to investigate the elasticities of the economic variables that constitute the supply and demand of exports for that specific market. It also intends to estimate the impact of the sanitary measures established by the Asian market on Brazilian sales. By means of the simultaneous equations model, two-stage least squares (2SLS) and three-stage least squares (3SLS) methods are used to estimate the equations. The results show that, for the export demand equation, the Brazilian beef price in the Asian market is a relevant variable for the sector performance. Beef prices in Brazil\'s competing countries in Asia also show significant coefficients. For the export supply equation, it can be seen that the variable mean weight of the carcasses, which represents the productivity, shows the highest elasticity among the factors analyzed in this equation. The domestic income and the price of the Brazilian product in the Asian market are also variables that interfere with a greater degree in the performance of the exported volume of beef. Regarding the embargoes established by the Philippines, beef exports from Brazil to Asia decreased by 21.45%. This result is mainly due to the suspension of the purchase due to the reintroduction of the foot-and-mouth disease virus in Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul in October 2005. China also suspended the purchase of Brazilian beef in December 2012, following the occurrence of one an atypical case in Brazil of BSE, resuming negotiations in November 2014. But in this case, sales from Brazil to Asia were not affected. The Chinese may have consumed the Brazilian product via Hong Kong, considered a \"gray\" market, that is, non-formal and gateway to China.

Brexit was voted by referendum three years ago, on June 23rd, 2016. Yet, no final decision has been taken regarding the exit conditions of the United Kingdom. It took almost two years for the European Union and the British Prime Minister to find an agreement, which keeps being rejected by the British Parliament. Consequently, the aftermaths of Brexit on the European market remain fully uncertain and companies have to find ways to be ready to face it. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand how French companies face the uncertainty related to Brexit and how they analyze its potential consequences. More precisely, we wanted to examine if there were any factors that lead firms to implement new strategies in order to face Brexit’ aftermaths in the best way possible and to understand if these factors were impacting their ability to handle Brexit. We also aimed to deepen the question of information channels that are the more used by companies in order to discover if they have an impact on their strategy. Finally, we wanted to understand what kind of strategies were implemented by managers within the companies and how they intended to face negative consequences or seize opportunities related to Brexit. As a result, our research question was: What factors may influence French companies in their ability to handle Brexit? To answer this question, we created a conceptual model and sent an online self-completion questionnaire to French companies’ managers. We asked them some of their firm’s characteristics, how they got information about Brexit and how often, how they perceive and analyze Brexit and what their answer may be. Through our results’ analysis, we showed that some firms’ characteristics have no impact on the answer to Brexit (sector and degree of internationalization) whereas the size impacts the reaction towards the crisis. Moreover, we found that information channels as well as the tendency to search for information also impact the strategy implemented by companies. Finally, our results showed that companies that analyze Brexit as an opportunity tend to implement larger reactions than the other ones and that companies that fear to lose money were more likely to implement risky strategies.

Thesis advisor: Junona Moroianu / In this study we investigated the hydrophobic interactions between HPV11 E7 and the FG regions of Nup62N through transfection assays with EGFP-11E7 fusion plasmids in HeLa cells and binding assays with GST-Nup62N immobilized on Glutathione-Sepharose beads. We found that EGFP-11cE7 binds to Nup62N. This suggests a possible mechanism for the nuclear import of HPV11 E7 through direct hydrophobic interactions between its carboxy-terminus and the FG region of Nup62. The interaction between HPV11 E7 and CRM1 nuclear export receptor was also examined using similar methods. Binding between these proteins suggest that nuclear export of 11E7 is mediated by CRM1 binding to its leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES). / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Biology.