The aim of the current study was to investigate the roles of meta-mood experience on the mood congruency effect in recognizing emotions from neutral facial expressions. For this aim, three scales were translated and adapted to Turkish, namely Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS), State Meta-Mood Scale (SMMS), and Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). The reliability and validity analyses came out to be satisfactory. For the main analyses, an experimental study was conducted. The experimental design consisted of the administration of the Brief Symptom Inventory, Pre- induction Brief Mood Introspection Scale, Trait Meta-MoodScale, and Basic Personality Traits Inventory in the first step, followed by a sad mood induction procedure and the administration of Post- Brief Symptom Inventory, and State Meta-Mood Scale in the second step. The last step consisted of the administration of the NimStim Set of Facial Expressions. For the main analyses regarding mood congruency only the v mislabelings of neutral faces as sad or happy were considered. The results revealed that among personality traits Agreeableness was negatively associated with perceiving fast displayed neutral faces as sad. After controlling for personality traits / however, unpleasant mood measured before the mood induction procedure was positively associated with perceiving neutral faces as sad. When perceiving slow displayed neutral faces as happy were examined, it was found that anxiety was positively associated with such a bias. After controlling for symptomatology, among personality traits, extraversion and conscientiousness were found to be negatively associated with mislabelling slow displayed neutral faces as happy. Among the evaluative domain of the SMMS, typicality was found to be negatively associated with such a bias / and lastly, among the regulatory domain of the SMMS, emotional repair was found to be negatively associated with mislabelling slow displayed neutral faces as happy.

Consumers often have to wait during the process of acquiring and consuming many products and services. These waiting experiences are typically negative and have been known to affect customers¡¦ overall satisfaction with the product or service. To better manage these waiting experiences, many firms have instituted a variety of programs to reduce the actual duration of the wait. However, consumers are influenced by their perceptions of the waiting duration, not the actual one. Therefore, understanding how consumers perceive their waiting time is particularly important in the marketing of service. In this paper, I use laboratory experiment method and examine the impact of mood, distance to the goal state, and filled mechanism on consumers¡¦ perceptions of waiting time and their affective responses. A total of 206 students recruited at the university participated in the study. The results demonstrate that people in a positive mood tend to perceive shorter duration of the wait than those in a negative mood. Further, the distance to the goal state, i.e. the stage at which the delay occurs during the service encounter, has the impacts on consumers¡¦ time perception and affective responses. The delay produced longer time estimates and stronger affective responses at further from the goal state than at closer to the goal state. And filling time resulted in shorter time perception and less negative emotions. However, the relevance to the service of filled mechanism will not affect consumers¡¦ time estimates but only consumers¡¦ positive affective responses. The distance to the goal and different kind of filled mechanism have an interactive effect only on the time perceptions. Moreover, consumers¡¦ involvements toward service and time style have moderating effects. The higher the involvement, the longer the time estimates and the more negative responses. Qualitative subjects perceived longer waiting time, and quantitative ones have more positive affective responses.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-59).

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science (Operations Research))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Nita Lewis Miller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-107). Also available online.

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The topic ofsubliminalperception (perception without awareness) is investigated in this thesis. A technique of masking by visual noise was developed for use with an IBM-type microcomputer and VGA screen. This technique was used to investigate whether subliminal mood priming influences subjects' resolution oflexical ambiguity in a homophone task designed by Halberstadt et al. (1995). Limited evidence was found for mood-congruent priming, but only for negative emotional priming, and with the most strongly negative items. Some non-specific effects were also found to be associated with negative mood priming. The mood-priming effect was correlated with the negative emotional ratings of these items obtained from a separate group ofsubjects. In a Follow-up study, a self-report mood scale was used to assess subjects' reaction to both negative and positive subliminal stimuli. A pattern oftrends was found which suggested that subjects experienced a paradoxical improvement in mood after exposure to the negative stimulus. No changes were observed in the group exposed to the positive stimuli. A theoretical explanation was entertained which suggested that subjects adaptively attributed their change in affective arousal in terms of experimental demands. of A number ofrelationships to recent research were suggested by these experiments, in particular the finding of a preattentive bias for negative information in subjects with anxiety and non-clinical depression by Bradley et al., (1994, 1995) and Mogg et al.,(1993). It is suggested that measures ofphysiological and cortical arousal should receive attention in future research in order to clarify the response to subliminal stimulation in terms of affective arousal. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.

Recent studies have indicated stronger mood dependent memory (MDM) effects when subjects generate both the to-be-remembered events and the cues used in their retrieval, and when subjects who experience similar moods are compared to subjects who report a change in both pleasure and arousal, rather than others who report a change in pleasure alone. The first study was undertaken to experimentally evaluate the relationship between mood change and memory performance. Specifically, four mood manipulations were developed to compare memory performance in subjects assigned to no mood change, change in pleasure, change in arousal, or change in both pleasure and arousal. Subjects generated autobiographical events in response to neutral nouns, and were tested for free recall and recognition of these events two days later. Results demonstrated greater memory disruption after change in both pleasure and arousal than after change in pleasure alone. However, one-dimensional change in arousal led to as much memory disruption as did change in both dimensions. Separate ANOVAs compared each mood in combination with each other mood and indicated that MDM was more strongly supported in some combinations than others. Further, the pattern in free recall was different from the pattern in recognition indicating that MDM effects may vary interactively across moods and tasks. The second study was undertaken to validate prior research by employing subjects who experience large, but naturally occurring, changes in mood. Patients with rapid-cycling Bipolar Disorder performed a variety of tasks during study sessions and were tested for implicit and explicit memory during test sessions. Significant MDM effects were supported in free recall of autobiographical events and inkblot recognition, but not in implicit category production of autobiographical event probes, picture fragment completion, explicit nor implicit memory for letter associates. Results validate MDM as a real world phenomenon that impacts on explicit memory performance in subjects whose moods are not manipulated. Discussion centers on prospects for future studies that consider a wider range of manipulated moods and tasks, theories of emotion, and other clinical groups in the investigation of MDM.

The increasing incidence of adolescent depression calls for the study of individual difference factors that may impinge on psychosocial adjustment. Researchers have identified depressive personality styles, namely dependency and self-criticism, that represent distinct vulnerability orientations. A series of four studies was conducted to (1) examine the relation of the depressive styles to adolescent dysphoria and interpersonal functioning; (2) assess the Personality-Event Congruence Model of Depressive Vulnerability in youngsters; and (3) explore how dependency and self-criticism relate to the regulation of negative affect using an experience sampling methodology. Findings provide evidence for heightened vulnerability of adolescent self-criticism in terms of increased dysphoria and interpersonal problems, demonstrate the vulnerability of dependency during attachment-related transitions, and reveal the relation of depressive styles to distinctive patterns of poor mood management. Together, these studies highlight the need to help youngsters adopt strategies that may be effective in forestalling dysphoria, enabling healthy adaptation to developmental challenges.