The aim of this study is to examine the role of &lsquo / Turkish Disaster Regulations&rsquo / on architectural design. Although the preliminary aim of Turkish disaster regulations is to provide knowledge for designers and builders to control structural and constructional system of buildings that can resist disasters in the pre-disaster period, these regulations can create some restrictions for architects in their design process. Following an analytical examinations of Turkish disaster regulations that have been developed continiously after different disaster experiences for years from an architectural view, the focus will be given to the 2007 disaster regulation called &lsquo / Specification for Buildings to be Built in Earthquake Areas&rsquo / in order to evaluate critically the limitations of those regulations for architects in their design process. Furthermore, seven types of irregular buildings that are mentioned in 2007 disaster regulation will be examined and discussed in detail.

Fairness and justice are important goals and cores values for pursuing an effective taxation system. However, for certain economic and social purposes, our nation implements extensive and long period tax deductions causing constant doubt of the equality of taxation. The tax deduction policies may be equitable to the past, but with the change of the environment, should the government carefully examine whether the result of the tax deductions has affected the fairness, justice and fiscal of the nation. If these deductions have already impaired the welfare of the nation, it is necessary to revise the taxation system and reconstruct the public value. The Legislative Yuan has passed ¡§Fundamental Regulations of Income Tax¡¨ also named ¡§Alternative Minimum Taxation, AMT¡¨ by the end of 2005. It is the first tax regulations passed by the Legislative Yuan in the last two decades. These regulations limit the deductions and compensate the deficiency of unfairness. Thus, this research will focus on taxpayers¡¦ recognition and support of the tax reform after the regulations are executed. Should people promote more tax reforms if outdated deductions exist? Therefore, by combining the questionnaires with the empirical analysis, gathering related discoveries and opinions, this research leads to a practical suggestion and provides a reference with the tax authorities to amend the tax deduction policies. According to the result, the tax experts and professionals agree that AMT meets the needs of tax equality and justice. Besides, nearly 60% of the interviewees think AMT is beneficial to our nation¡¦s finance. However, people recognize that negative effects and problems with the implementation of AMT should be overcome. People also highly expect to modify the outdated tax deductions. In conclusion, our research provides the following suggestions: 1. To thoroughly review and revise the outdated tax deductions promptly. 2. To review and amend the extent of the income tax deductions. 3. The review of investment tax credit is the main purpose of our tax reforms. 4. To prevent the incentive of tax evasion and discuss regularly about the existence or abolition of the AMT.

<p>This essay investigates the relationship between gender and politeness, specifically in the areaof requests. The reason why this topic was chosen is that it is claimed that men and womencommunicate differently and express requests differently. The aim is to identify and clarifythe different manners men and women express politeness with regard to the phrases Canyou…? and Could you…?. A total of 200 occurrences of Can you…? and Could you…? wereselected and analyzed from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA).</p><p>The working hypothesis was that, in accordance with their gender “regulations”,women use Could you much more than men and therefore act more polite. The findings,however, are contradictory and indicate that this was not the case. Men tend to use the morepolite form Could you, and women tend to use the less polite form Can you. Moreover,requests are in some contexts expressed similarly by men and women. Therefore, the generalclaim about women being more polite in their language may not be correct.</p>

Thesis (M. P. A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2009. / "Fall 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-55).

The purpose of this study is to highlight the second home sector in Sweden and Denmark, in a comparative study of regulations for the second home market, and residence requirement. Two attractive second home island destinations is being compared in Ven, Landskrona and Gudhjem, Bornholm. The study addresses issues such as the local effects of a regulation of the second home market get at a local level, and the effects generated by deregulation, as well as local people's opinions about second home regulation in a popular second home area in southern Sweden.  This has been examined using a mix between qualitative method and quantitative methods, and the study is based on six semi-structured interviews from informants from Ven, Bornholm, and Gudhjem which has been analyzed throughout a thematic analysis. In addition to the interviews, diagrams from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Sweden and Statistics Denmark, and various real estate websites, and a field observation from Ven and Gudhjem will be presented. The result shows that show that the discussion on residence requirement has been going on for a long time in Sweden and Ven, but the local organizations found more disadvantages than advantages and are now looking in to other solutions, while other locals believes that there are more advantages with a residence requirement. In Denmark it’s revealed that there is recently started discussion between municipal decision-makers and local organizations about the regulations, and if it should be abolished or not. It turns out that the directions of the local effects being positive or negative depends a lot on the resort's contemporary expertise in local organizations, the population basis and to what extent the resort attracts people to stay there permanently for a living. The results also implies that some regulations in Denmark will not be deregulated, while it is still an active political discussion in Denmark.

Although targets for renewable energy exist in Sweden, developing wind energy has proven to be challenging for developers. This is due in part to the demands made by authorities for monetary amounts to be set aside to take care of wind turbine dismantling and site restoration costs at the end of their lifecycle. There has been a large degree of uncertainty surrounding the amounts being demanded and the level to which sites must be restored, partially due to a lack of guidelines. Coupled with ambiguity, there has been a tendency by authorities and developers to use figures from previous high court decisions and previous permit applications to project decommissioning costs for current applications.This thesis evaluates seven different wind farm decommissioning scenarios using a model developed to estimate future costs, with the turbine model and the quantity of turbines being the parameters that vary. The model uses data from numerous sources, including real case decommissioning projects and figures from an existing model that had already been used to forecast costs in Sweden. One of the assumptions of the model developed is that scrap metals in wind turbines will have a residual value when decommissioning occurs; this was not allowed for in a recent decision made by a county administrative board following an environmental high court decision. An argument is made to justify that a minimum scrap value for wind turbines should be considered, based on the findings of the model. A further case is made to allow for the security bonds to be paid over an extended period of time, considering the initial value of wind farms.The results of the model show that the turbine model has an impact on the decommissioning costs and the potential residual value that can be obtained. In addition, the quantity of the wind turbines has a considerable effect on the decommissioning costs. These results suggest that each wind development project should be treated on a case-by-case basis using a calculation-based approach when determining the cost for a security bond. Recommendations for future research include considering wind farm location in the model.

M.Tech. Business Administration. Business School. / This research study examines processes of change management due to regulatory impact on organisations within the South African gas pipeline industry (energy industry). It concludes that a 'changing organisation' is not simply the product of good design; its existence is subject to history and to shifting power relations (i.e. Government) both within and outside of organisations.

Consent orders are issued by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (GA EPD). Consent orders require facilities to comply with environmental rules and regulations. The effectiveness of the consent order process has recently been questioned. Several facilities were cited with multiple consent orders, suggesting possible implementation weaknesses, i.e., monitoring and enforcement. There is a need to examine trends among facilities issued multiple consent orders and the content of those consent orders. Such an analysis can help determine the efficacy of the process as a tool of compliance and recommendations to improve it. The present assessment covered a span of fourteen years, 1993-2006. The data analysis reflected the strengths and limitations of this enforcement tool as well as the existing resources and powers of the state agencies.

In this thesis we examine the issue regarding pricing of radar data and surveillance to the operators of air navigation service (ANS) at the aerodromes in Sweden. The question of who should be responsible for providing radar data to the operators is being managed that results in if it should be LFV, as it is today, the government or another authority. This is being examined since LFV in 2010 lost its monopoly position in the terminal area in Sweden. LFV still has monopoly on the en route part, and thru the en route income finances the radar data to all operators in Sweden. Air traffic service units (ATS) receive the radar data without any compensation to LFV, this needs to be regulated and conditions and prerequisites are necessary to be implemented. Our supervisor at LFV, Anders Andersson, has been the primary source of information regarding the current situation, background for the problem and also provided relevant documents with proper information. Laws and regulations have been accessed via the Swedish Transport Agency’s website and scientific articles on monopolies and pricing in aviation and other markets have been used in order to compare earlier issues similar to ours. The literature studies combined with interviews with Anders Andersson are the foundations of the development of the pricing schemes. The result of the thesis is presented as three different pricing schemes where each one of them are presented in tables and analysed how it will affect the ATS. In the first pricing scheme the cost for maintenance is equally divided between all ATS, this means every ATS has to pay the same cost regardless size of the airport, number of movement and net sales. The second pricing scheme is based on number of landings per year and divides the ATS in three categories. This scheme increases the cost with concern to the number of landings, which results in the larger ATS are charged more than the smaller ATS. The final pricing scheme is divided in four categories and based on terminal control area (TMA) and requirements on surveillance service. This means the different categories are based on a combination of the median distance flown in TMA and the different requirements the ATS must provide surveillance service. This pricing scheme is a disadvantage for the military airports and the ATS with associated TMA. The conclusions that can be made are the Swedish Transport Agency needs to implement some distinct guidelines and regulations regarding how the pricing should be made, where the pricing schemes and analysis in this thesis could form the basis for future investigations.

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