O cirurgião dentista é constantemente exposto a um elevado número de doenças ocupacionais. Alterações no sistema musculoesquelético são freqüentes, principalmente nos membros superiores e coluna vertebral, que podem interferir negativamente, na capacidade funcional desses profissionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o entendimento das doenças ocupacionais associadas ao sistema musculoesquelético relacionado à coluna vertebral dos odontólogos, durante sua atividade laboral, bem como as questões psicossociais associadas. Este documento contempla uma sequência de dois artigos sobre as condições de trabalho e desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à coluna vertebral em dentistas. O primeiro apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre a atividade laboral dos dentistas, evidenciando os problemas relacionados à coluna vertebral, à carga de trabalho, aos riscos biomecânicos, às principais patologias e fatores psicossociais associados. Desta maneira, se evidenciou que estes profissionais estão sujeitos a uma alta carga de trabalho e desenvolvendo posturas que comprometem a integridade da coluna vertebral gerando dor e incapacidade para o trabalho. O segundo apresenta um método de análise e um estudo aplicado para investigar as desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à coluna vertebral e fatores associados às condições ocupacionais de dentistas. Este artigo explicita as regiões da coluna vertebral mais acometida por queixas musculoesqueléticas e fatores associados. O método investigativo proposto mostrou que os problemas concernentes ao trabalho dos dentistas estão provocando dores e alterações musculoesqueléticas na região da coluna vertebral e são devidos principalmente à postura de trabalho, o esforço físico, os movimentos repetitivos e carga horária de trabalho. / The dental surgeon is constantly exposed to a large number of occupational illnesses. Alterations in the musculoskeletal system are frequent, especially in the upper limbs and spine, which can interfere negatively in the functional capacity of these professionals. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of occupational diseases associated to the musculoskeletal system. Mainly those related to the spine of dentists during their work activities as well as psychosocial issues. This document includes a sequence of two articles about the working conditions and musculoskeletal disorders related to the spine of dentists. The first one presents a theoretical review about labor activity of dentists, highlighting the problems related to the spine, the workload, the biomechanical risks, the major pathologies and psychosocial factors associated. In this way, it is evidenced that these professionals are subject to a high workload and developing postures that compromise the integrity of the spine causing pain and inability to work. The second presents a method of analysis and an applied study to investigate musculoskeletal disorders related to the spine and occupational factors associated with conditions of dentists. This article explains the spinal regions most affected by musculoskeletal complaints and associated factors. The investigative method proposed, showed that problems regarding to the work of dentists are causing pain and musculoskeletal alterations in the spinal region and are due mainly to the working posture, physical effort, repetitive movements and workload.

Orientadores: Helder Anibal Hermini, Jose Manoel Balthazar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:18:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caceres_MauroSergioJuarez_M.pdf: 11525505 bytes, checksum: 074f979a2df3a27d9e765aec6119b0bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho foi inspirado em aspectos legais, sociais e tecnológicos.O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um dispositivo mecatrônico de acessibilidade, ergonomia e mobilidade em veículos automotivos, considerando pessoas com necessidades especiais. A acessibilidade é um dos fatores crlticos para a inclusão do indivíduo com deficiência no mundo do trabalho e da educação. A contribuição deste trabalho situa-se no incremento da acessibilidade do indivíduo com deficiência, promovendo sua autonomia relativa; isto é, o usuário se locomove até seu veículo, adentra nele, conduz o veículo ao seu destino e o deixa de forma autônoma sem ajuda de outras pessoas. Este trabalho simulou as condições de ergonomia e de interação dos dispositivos de acessibilidade e mobilidade desenvolvidos, com os veículos automotivos, através de simulação computacional dos movimentos dos dispositivos interno e externo ao veículo com o controle lógico implementado. Neste estágio do trabalho encontram-se disponíveis a concepção da idéia, os desenhos, as simulações computacionais e a lógica de controle, necessários para a posterior construção dos dispositivos e sua montagem em veículos automotivos adaptados para a condução por pessoas com deficiências / Abstract: This study was inspired by the legal, social and technological aspects of acessibility for handcap people.The purpose of the study was to develope a virtual mechatronic device to acessibility for handcap people.The acessibility is a critical factor for the inclusion of the disabled people in the work and educacional enviroments. The contribution of this study is to help handcap people to have relative autonomy like: moving towards the car, getting in, driving to a destination and getting out by themselves.This study simulate the ergonomic conditions and the devices interaction of the acessibility and mobility, developed whith automotive vehicle through computacional simulations of the intemal and external devices moviments.Through computational simulation, we tested tbe moviments. It was also made the implementation of the controllogic. On this stage of the swdy we provide the concept, the draws, the computation simulations and the logic centrol; necessary parameters for build the devices and its assembly to tbe adapted cars for handcap people / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-17T18:43:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Roberto versão final digital CAC 7.pdf: 7376824 bytes, checksum: bb0fda9da51ebc6e1b67ece4359071dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T18:43:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Roberto versão final digital CAC 7.pdf: 7376824 bytes, checksum: bb0fda9da51ebc6e1b67ece4359071dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / Às características do ambiente de trabalho que as instituições hospitalares oferecem, é marcado por uma série de riscos e estressores. A organização laboral inadequada pode ser apontada pelo número insuficiente de profissionais no hospital para realizar as tarefas, pela realização de atividades repetitivas e monótonas, pela extensa jornada de trabalho, pelo elevado número de vínculos e pelo tempo de trabalho na instituição, espaço físico inadequado, déficit de materiais e equipamentos produzindo distúrbios psicológicos e fisiológicos, relacionadas à forma de organização do trabalho. A ergonomia busca a perfeita integração entre as condições de trabalho e a tríade, formada pelo conforto, segurança e sua eficiência do trabalho em situação de trabalho, englobando conhecimentos científicos relacionando ao ser humano e ao seu ambiente de trabalho, objetivando identificar situações desfavoráveis à realização da atividade laboral, a fim de reduzir as condições e riscos sem prejuízo do desempenho profissional. Tendo em vista que os enfermeiros passam por situações de impotência e desconforto significativo, uma vez que enfrentam dificuldades para prestar uma assistência adequada. Com isso o profissional passa a vivenciar frustrações em seu cotidiano que irão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor recomendações para as atividades executadas pelos enfermeiros, a partir da análise ergonômica dos postos de trabalho das clínicas cirúrgicas da internação do hospital das clínicas da UFPE, usando as técnicas da termografia digital e do acelerômetro. Para isso foi utilizada entrevista realizada no próprio local de trabalho, com o questionário de saúde ocupacional, estruturado para caracterização sócio demográfica e específica relativa à percepção de riscos ergonômicos entre os enfermeiros das clínicas cirúrgicas do Hospital das clínicas da UFPE. Utilizarmos como metodologia a Abordagem Sistêmica Humano-TarefaMáquina (SHTM). Foram utilizadas as seguintes ferramentas: o Questionário Nórdico Padronizado para Análise dos Sintomas Musculoesqueléticos a REBA (Avaliação Rápida do Corpo Inteiro). A Termografia Digital como instrumento auxiliar na identificação e avaliação de lesões musculares, distúrbios ocupacionais, áreas isquêmicas e sobrecargas articulares e o Acelerômetro digital, para a análise do gasto calórico, ambulação e frequência cardíaca. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa enfatizaram a necessidade de melhorias nas condições laborais da atividade dos enfermeiros, devido ao esforço nas tarefas de trabalho que impõe um alto consumo de energia muscular e posturas inadequadas com o desencadeamento de processos álgicos. Foram propostas recomendações para a prevenção de transtornos musculoesqueléticos e manutenção e/ou melhorias do bem-estar no ambiente laboral. / The characteristics of the work environment that hospitals provide, is marked by a number of risks and stressors. Inadequate work organization can be appointed by the insufficient number of professionals at the hospital to perform the tasks for carrying out repetitive and monotonous activities, the extensive working hours, the high number of links and work in the institution, inadequate physical space, shortage of materials and equipment producing psychological and physiological disorders related to the form of work organization. Ergonomics seeks the perfect integration between the working conditions and the triad formed by the comfort, safety and their work efficiency in work situations, involving scientific knowledge relating to human and their work environment, aiming to identify unfavorable situations the realization labor activity in order to reduce the conditions and risks without undermining professional performance. Given that nurses go through situations of powerlessness and significant discomfort, since they are struggling to provide adequate assistance. With this professional starts to experience frustrations in their daily lives that will contribute to the development of diseases. The aim of this study was to propose recommendations for the activities performed by nurses from the ergonomic analysis of the jobs of surgical clinics admission of hospital clinical UFPE, using the techniques of digital thermography and accelerometer. For this was used interview in the workplace, with the questionnaire of occupational health, demographic and structured to characterize specific partner on the perception of ergonomic risks among nurses in surgical clinics of the Hospital of clinical UFPE. We use as a methodology to approach Human Task Machine Systemic (SHTM). The following tools were used: the questionnaire Nordic Standardized for Analysis of Musculoskeletal Symptoms the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment). Digital thermography as an aid in the identification and evaluation of muscle injury, occupational disorders, ischemic areas and joint overload and the digital accelerometer, for the analysis of caloric expenditure, ambulation and heart rate. The results in the survey emphasized the need for improvements in the working conditions of activity of nurses due to stress on the job tasks that require a high consumption of energy and muscular postures by unleashing nociceptive processes. It was proposed recommendations for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and maintenance and / or welfare improvements in the work environment.

<p>Godkänd; 1996; 20080330 (ysko)</p>

En kraftig strukturomvandling pågår inom svensk sågverksindustri. Den har inneburit att produktionen allt mer har förskjutits mot de större sågverken. Historiskt har flera olika faktorer drivit på strukturomvandlingen. Sågverken som producerar mindre än 50 000 kubikmeter per år står idag bara för 30% av den totala produktionen, vilket kan jämföras med 70% på 50-talet. Sågverksstrukturen debatteras återkommande inom branschen. Den övergripande forskningsfrågan för detta arbete är "Hur bör strukturen av produktionsanläggningar utformas inom sågverksindustrin med avseende på antal anläggningar, deras storlek och lokalisering?". Syftet är att utveckla kvantitativa modeller lämpade för analys av hur antalet sågverk, storleken på sågverken samt deras lokalisering påverkar konkurrensförmågan för en grupp av sågverk. Gemensamt för de arbeten som tidigare har analyserat strukturfrågor i sågverksindustrin och som refereras här, är att de behandlar frågor om transportkostnader för olika lokaliseringar var för sig. En teoretisk referensram för arbetet skapas och används senare som stöd för modellutvecklingen. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för det här arbetet är i första hand totalkostnadssynsättet med trade-off-relationer mellan olika kostnadsfaktorer. Fyra kvantitativa modeller utvecklas, tre plangeometriska och en nätverksmodell. De plangeometriska modellerna har som utgångspunkt den klassiska lokaliseringsteorin. De har en begränsad tillämpbarhet men skapar en förståelse för hur några lokaliseringsfaktorer principiellt påverkar sågverksstrukturen. Nätverksmodellen är däremot direkt tillämpbar på verkliga lokaliseringsfrågeställningar bl a pga att den har en betydligt högre detaljeringsgrad. I den första plangeometriska modellen lokaliseras sågverk i en skog längs en linje genom att minimera totalkostnaden för råvarutransport och sågverksproduktion. I den andra modellen minimeras totalkostnaden för att lokalisera sågverk i hexagonala timmerfångstområden. I den tredje modellen lokaliseras ett sågverk och dess timmerfångstområde i förhållande till ett givet efterfrågecentrum genom maximering av vinsten. Härvid beaktas försäljningsintäkter för sågad vara och flis samt kostnader för råvarutransport, sågverksproduktion och färdigvarutransport. Timmerfångstområdet modelleras som en segmentbeskuren cirkel. Resultaten från beräkningar med de första två modellerna visar att det optimala avståndet mellan sågverken och sågverksstorleken ökar med ökad grad av skalekonomi och minskar med ökad råvarutransportkostnad. Vid ökad timmertillväxt minskar det optimala avståndet mellan sågverken medan sågverksstorleken ökar. Likartade resultat fås med den tredje modellen. Här visas också att sågverkets optimala lokalisering relativt marknaden är beroende av förhållandet mellan kostnaderna för råvaru- och färdigvarutransport samt av såg- och flisutbytena vid sågverken. Höga utbyten och färdigvarutransportkostnader ger en mer marknadsnära lokalisering, medan låga utbyten och höga råvarutransportkostnader ger en mer råvarunära lokalisering... / <p>Godkänd; 1997; 20070418 (ysko)</p>

This thesis addresses the problem of developing and implementing an activity-based system for management of working environment conditions. Through explorative case studies in municipal care of the elderly the prerequisites of motivation, capacity and opportunity were examined. Systems objectives were derived from the Provisions enforced by The Swedish Working Environment Authority. The Provisions emphasize that working environment issues shall be integrated with activity-issues like economy and quality and include routines for risk analysis and action planning. An action research program was initiated including organizational interventions. A specific communication structure of meetings was designed. Simulations of workplace team meetings were accomplished including analysis and management of existing risks. The program was evaluated in the field by means of participant observation and structured interviews. The formative design of evaluation assessed the participants' motivation, capacity and opportunity to perform. The initial evaluation concerned how the participants performed risk analyses according to the action plan. Results showed that the participants operated according to the given meeting structure. Some risk factors were analyzed on numerous occasions, e.g. physical factors, while other risk factors, e.g. harassments were never considered in meeting contexts. The result implies the need of complementary work methods for risk assessment, i.e. professional employee interviews and questionnaires. The subsequent evaluation inquired into the first line managers' mental models using these methods. Results showed that the managers in general acknowledged the characteristics of the methods, i.e. strengths and sources of error. The concluding evaluation examined the working environment planning of the executive board. Results showed that the representatives in general held indistinct perceptions of the systems characteristics. A majority of the executive boards failed to communicate specific strategies for operative management. Some guiding principles for system implementation were suggested on the basis of the empirical results. / <p>Godkänd; 2003; 20070217 (ysko)</p>

No description available.

The management concept "supply chain management" was introduced in early 1980s and since then the concept has recieved increasing attention within the fields of logistics. Supply chain management is viewed by many as a highly novel management concept, but comparison with earlier work reveals similarities. The main objective of this study is to examine the concept of supply chain management in order to seek the essence of the concept. A subordinated objective is to give some indication of the degree of novelty of supply chain management. Supply chain management is viewed in this study as a management concept or management theory and a method of five different examinations based on literature studies is developed. Firstly, the "reference network", the references within the examined literature, is established and examined. Secondly, the stated objectives and the stated fundamental beliefs are examined and thirdly, the stated definitions and stated theory relations are examined. These three examinations lay the foundation for the fourth, where the extent to which the different views of supply chain management in the examined literature share a common set of ideas and beliefs is examined. Finally, the extent to which the fundamental beliefs of supply chain management can be distinguished from the ideas and beliefs of its forerunners within logistics is examined. The examination reveal that it is possible to relate the stated objectives of supply chain management to each other in a "hierarchical weave" and that it is also possible to view the concept as constituted by a set of primitive fundamental beliefs. Tentatively, the following set is identified as the primitive fundamental beliefs of supply chain management, coordination and integration along the material flow, win-win relationships and end customer focus. Further, the examinations reveal that few stated definitions exist and that there are only vaguely stated theory relations. The most common stated theory relation is Poster's value chain. Based upon the examinations the conclusion is that supply chain management is a homogenous management concept, where its interpreters share common ideas and beliefs. However, the comparison with the forerunners shows that the ideas and beliefs of supply chain management also can be found in prior works. Accordingly, the degree of novelty is not judged as very high. Although most of the ideas of supply chain management may be found in the work by its forerunners it is concluded that their ideas are more fragmented and less apparent than the ideas of supply chain management. / <p>Godkänd; 1997; 20070418 (ysko)</p>

Den grundläggande frågeställningen i uppsatsen är om det pågar utveckling i dagens arbetsliv. Mina studier visar att människors trygghet i vardagens rutiner spelar en viktig roll för möjligheten att ta till sig den förnyelse som behövs för att utvecklingsprocesser ska pågå. Det räcker dock inte, det krävs också utrymme för reflektion och lärande. När jag studerar och reflekterar över detta utgår jag från följande definition av utveckling: Utifrån det man ser håller på att hända skaffar sig en organisation kompetens som gör den handlingskraftig att möta det som håller på att hända. Detta förutsätter att organisationen bär på en vision (egen världsbild och önskningar) som bidrar med argument till varför man ska handla; vad som gör handlingen meningsskapande. Avsikten var, när jag inledde forskningsarbetet tillsammans med arbetsplatserna och informanterna, att undersöka traditionens och kontinuitetens betydelse för organisationers utveckling. Genom Berger &amp; Luckmann (1979) och deras teorier kring vanans och repetitionens betydelse skapades plattformen som hjälpte mig att konkretisera innebörden av traditionen. Jag sökte praktikens, vardagsarbetets/traditionens förutsättningar att ta emot den förnyelse som behövdes för att utveckling/förvandling på arbetsplatsen skulle kunna bli till. Ett "Tredje rum" blev metaforen för mötet mellan traditionen och förnyelsen. Jag har undersökt hur vanor och rutiner, på de arbetsplatser som jag studerat, har en roll att spela i de utvecklingsaktivteter som äger rum. Det innebär också att jag undersökt hur nya tankar och idéer (som vill påverka utvecklingen) kan tas emot i den praxisdominerade vardagens verklighet. Fyra fallstudier gjordes under åren 2001 och 2002. Två rapporter har därefter skrivits som rör två av undersökningarna, som båda var beställda utvärderingar; "Arbetsmiljö som drivkraft för partsgemensamt arbete, Utvärdering av ett samarbete mellan Sif Småland och SYSteam AB", 2003 samt "Etnicitet som drivkraft för förändring av organisationen? Utvärdering av Sif Trollhättans förutsättningar att ta tillvara ett nytt projekt och lära inom ett nytt arbetsområde", 2004. De två andra studierna gjordes hos Canon Center i Rissne och SYSteam Network Center i Husqvarna. Traditionen, det vill säga vanan, utvecklas genom mötet, dialogen med "det nya". När förnyelsen uppvisar likheter med vanan och traditionen finns en gemensam förståelsegrund ur vilken dialogen i mötet kan utvecklas. Det vill säga, traditionen bildar basen för utveckling. I de organisations- och ledningskoncept som kommit att bli förhärskande för företags och organisationers syn på utveckling och förändring i västvärden de senaste 10-15 åren är dock tendensen den motsatta. I stället för att stimulera samtalet skapas datoriserade informations- och kontrollsystem som ska bidra till att höja tempot, minska den så kallade tomma tiden, den tid som kan skapa utrymme för eftertanke och reflektion. "När praxis inte blir reflekterad rinner kunskapen mellan fingrarna" (Lotte Alsterdal, 2001). Det här citatet bekräftas av mina studier. Utveckling av vardagen sker när utrymme ges för reflekterande samtal om vardagens praktik och rutiner i relation till förnyande idéer och tankar. I studierna fanns exempel på när mötet mellan traditionen och förnyelse uppstod och medarbetares vardag utvecklades. Det fanns också exempel på motsatsen. Konsekvenserna av att inget möte efterstävades och därmed inte blev av, innebar att den önskade förändringen inte heller blev av. / <p>Godkänd; 2005; 20061218 (haneit)</p>

<p>Godkänd; 1996; 20091126 (andbra)</p>