No description available.

No description available.

Restored docks have high amenity, tourism and recreational value. Polluted and unaestheticw ater is a major factor potentially inhibiting redevelopmento f docklands, particularly if the source of water suffers from severe pollution problems. The aims were to examine spatial and temporal patterns of hydrography and ecology of Merseyside Docks. Strategies to develop benthic filter-feeders on both the walls and in the sediments were considered important in maintaining good water quality. In the South Docks, algal blooms were mainly small and short-lived and anoxia was infrequent. In Princes Dock (Central chain) water quality was very good. Morpeth Dock (Wirral chain) suffered from poor water quality. Anoxia resulted in high mortalities of dock fauna and fish and the release of hydrogen sulphide gas. Algal blooms were very large and were maintained over long periods. The dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum minimum, was particularly prevalent. Zooplankton have remained at relatively low densities in the South Docks, particularly in Albert Dock (South chain), probably because of strong competition for food with benthic filter-feeders. In contrast, Morpeth Dock has maintained much higher numbers, probably because of the plentiful food supply and absence of benthos. The benthos of the walls was surveyed. Mytilus edulis is most prominent in Albert and Queens Docks; Ciona intestinalis and Ascidiella aspera are most abundant in Albert and Princes Docks; and, Molgula manhattensis dominant in Brunswick and QueensD ocks. Tiles have been used to follow the pattern of annual successiona nd the effect of timing of available space on this pattern of succession. In contrast to previous years when there had been very little recruitment of Mytilus to the South Docks, Mytilus settlement occurred in Queens Dock during autumn 1995. Experiments aimed at increasing the filter-feeding capacity by introducing Cerastodermae dule (common cockle) and manipulating particle size of the sediment concluded that cockles do not survive in the dock, probably due to occasional low oxygenc on centrations in the hypolimnion, and modification of sediment has very little effect on natural colonization. Experiments examined the impact of filter-feeders on phytoplankton numbers and regeneration of nutrients. Mytilus was shown to have higher clearancer ates( cell mV h' int) than its major competitors( Ciona intestinalis, Styela plicata) on the dock wall. The experiment investigating nutrient release by Mytilus indicates release of phosphate. Fish communities in the South Docks were relatively diverse, with a total of fifteen species of fish being caught. The size/frequency analyses suggest that the majority of fish were juveniles. The occurrence of two sea trout (Salmo trutta) indicates a return of salmonids to the estuary. The use of a capacity model as a management tool is proposed; this has been fitted to the South Docks system with some success.

En växande befolkning och ett överutnyttjande av jordens resurser kräver att samtliga människor samarbetar för att uppnå miljömålen. De flesta av Sveriges vattendrag har blivit negativt påverkade av mänskliga aktiviteter, så som timmerflottning och utbyggnad av vattenkraft. Vattenkraften står för cirka hälften av Sveriges årliga, totala elproduktion och på grund av att vattnet däms upp blir dammen ett fysiskt hinder vid förflyttning för bland annat lax och öring i vattendragen (ett så kallat vandringshinder).  Idag bedrivs fisket vid Dalälven i Älvkarleby på kompensationsutsatt fisk. Lax och havsöring konkurrerar hårdare om kvarvarande platser och har svårt att passera Kungsådran på grund av vandringshinder. Det finns ett fiskevårdsförslag för restaureringsåtgärder i Kungsådran som kräver att aktörer måste enas i konstruktiva dialoger. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en insikt i hur utformning av restaurering av Kungsådran i nedre Dalälven kan gynna förutsättningarna för ett förbättrat lax- och havsöringsbestånd genom att studera relevanta aktörers miljöarbeten. Studien syftar även till att studera om restaurering av vattendrag kan utformas i linje med det svenska miljömålet Levande sjöar och vattendrag.  Kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att utföra denna studie. Resultatet visar att Kungsådrans lax och havsöring är kraftigt utsatt av vandringshinder. Det finns ett behov av att restaurera Kungsådran enligt det framtagna fiskevårdsförslaget, men att även flera fiskevårdsåtgärder behöver utföras i andra delar av nedre Dalälven för att förbättra lax- och havsöringsbestånden. Det visar även att nya rutiner för uppfödd smolt behöver upprättas.  Diskussion: De uppfödda öringarnas tillstånd är negativt påverkade. På grund av att uppfödd öring har ett avvikande beteende är fortsatt genetiska studier på uppfödd fisk viktigt för att främja genetiska förändringar. Samtidigt som restaurering bidrar till ett ökat bestånd av vilda havsöringar. Forskning är betydelsefullt, utan vetenskap kan vi varken hålla oss uppdaterade eller skapa nya underlag. Däremot finns det en osäkerhet om valet av plats och om tillvägagångsättet som SLU:s aktuella fiskeförsök vid Kungsådran gör mer nytta än onytta i befintligt läge.   Enligt denna studie verkar det i dagsläget svårt att nå det svenska miljömålet Levande sjöar och vattendrag. / A growing population and the over-exploitation of the earth's resources require all people to work together to achieve the environmental objectives. Most of Sweden's watercourses have been negatively affected by human activities, such as timber rafting and the expansion of hydropower. Due to the water being dammed up, the dam becomes a physical barrier to movement in the watercourse (obstacles to migration). Hydropower accounts for about half of Sweden's annual total electricity production.  Today, fishing is carried out at Dalälven in Älvkarleby on compensatory fish. Salmon and sea trout compete harder for remaining places and find it difficult to pass Kungsådran due to hiking obstacles. There is a fishing conservation proposal for restoration in Kungsådran, which requires actors to agree in constructive dialogues. The purpose of this study is to create an insight into how the design of restoration of Kungsådran in lower Dalälven can benefit the conditions for an improved salmon and sea trout population by studying the environmental work of relevant actors. The study also aims to study whether restoration of watercourses can be designed in line with the Swedish environmental goal Living lakes and watercourses. Qualitative interview study with semistructured interviews was used in this study. The results show that fish in Kungsådran is heavily exposed to migratory obstacles. There is a need to restore Kungsådran according to a developed fishing conservation proposal, but that several fishing conservation measures also need to be carried out in other parts of the lower Dalälven river. It also shows that new procedures for bred smolt need to be established.  Discussion: Trout's genetic stock is negatively affected. Partly because bred trout have a deviant behavior and hence continued genetic studies on bred fish are important to pro-mote genetic change.  Research is important, without science we cannot keep up to date or create new data. However, there is uncertainty about the choice of location and whether the procedure that SLUs current fishing experiments at Kungsådran do more good than harm in the existing situation.   According to this study, it currently seems difficult to reach the Swedish environmental goal Of Living Lakes and Watercourses.