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A number of developing countries including Uganda have of recent experienced tremendous growth of microfinance industry in financial and credit service provision. Microfinance development in developing countries and its’ impacts on the poor’s livelihood have been a central point of focus by academic community and development stakeholders. A number of actors like donors and government agencies have accredited microcredit as a program to help the poor improve their living conditions, fight extreme poverty and reduce the number of people living in absolutely lacking situations. The growth of microcredit schemes in Uganda has incited donors, government agencies, different microfinance institutions, individual and academia to measure the achievements of the program in relation to its’ different objectives. Despite the growing efforts and attention to measure microcredit impacts on livelihood transformation, less focus has been given to this scientific process of measuring program impacts. Ensuring credibility and validity is an important aspect that guarantees realistic representation and quality in scientific research when researchers seek to understand what has been achieved. It is upon the above background that this study established strong interest to understand and explore how different scientific research processes of impact evaluation relate to the quality of impact reports or outcomes measured. The study examines the main debate about microcredit impacts, this is aimed at providing necessary information required (epistemological benefit) to understand microcredit impacts within different perspectives of development. Different researchers’ background more specifically their academic qualifications, expertise, gender, institutions attached to and roles played during different impact studies is assessed by this study. The study looks at different methods of data collection, analysis employed by different microcredit impact studies and they impacted on different studies being assessed. The study uses text and systematic method of data and information analysis, different articles searched from Linnaeus University library website and other organizational reports got from different organizations databases, form set of data used in this study. A total of sixteen impact studies done in Uganda have been systematically reviewed. Conceptual framework in which validity is used as the main tool in the analytical discussion of study has been employed.

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Bakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet främjar hälsa generellt men kan upplevas svårt att få till förpersoner med långvarig smärta. Många utövar fysisk aktivitet trots smärta vilket även kan gesymptomlindring. Enkäten “Självskattade orsaksnätverk för fysisk aktivitet” undersökerunderlättande faktorer för fysisk aktivitet hos personer med långvarig smärta. Enkätensvaliditet är dock inte utforskad ännu. Syfte: För att utveckla enkäten undersöktes ytvaliditet, trovärdighet samt deltagarnas nöjdhet.Dessutom jämfördes resultaten för olika subgrupper hos personer med långvarig smärta. Metod: För att rekrytera deltagare publicerades enkäten i flertalet Facebook-grupper förpersoner med långvarig smärta. Det formulerades nio validitetsfrågor, inspirerat av andrapsykometriskt testade frågeformulär samt eget framtagna för att svara på frågeställningarna.Frågorna utvärderades genom en skattningsskala 0-10 samt ett fritextsvar. Data analyseradesmed deskriptiv statistik samt Mann Whiney U-Test. Resultat: Det inkluderades 48 personer. Genomförbarhet och frågan, om resultatetrepresenterar vardagslivet, skattades 6 till 7 i median. Smärtvariation, hindrande faktorer ochpsykiska faktorer saknades i enkäten enligt deltagarna. Det fanns inga signifikanta skillnaderi skattningen av enkätens egenskaper, varken vid jämförelser hos personer med låg respektivehög genomsnittssmärta eller hos personer som uppfyller respektive inte uppfyllerrekommendationer för fysiska aktivitet. Konklusion: Deltagarnas uppfattning om enkätens tydlighet, genomförbarhet samt relevansvar genomgående ganska bra. Ingen skillnad upptäcktes vid gruppjämförelser. För framtidastudier rekommenderas utvärdering av enkäten hos andra populationer samt vidare test avvaliditet och reliabilitet. / Background: Physical activity promotes health in general, but can be difficult to achieve forpeople with chronic pain. Many people are physically active despite pain. However, physicalactivity can also provide symptom relief. The questionnaire " Självskattade orsaksnätverk förfysisk aktivitet'' investigates facilitating factors for physical activity in people with chronicpain and its validity has not yet been explored. Aim: To develop the questionnaire, face validity, credibility and the participants' satisfactionwere investigated. In addition, the results were compared for different subgroups of peoplewith chronic pain. Method: To recruit participants, the questionnaire was published in several Facebook groupsfor people with chronic pain. Nine validity questions were formulated, including questionsinspired by previous psychometrically tested questionnaires as well as self-developedquestions. These were evaluated using a 0-10 rating scale and a free text answer. Data wereanalysed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test. Results: 48 participants were included. Feasibility and the question whether the resultrepresents everyday life was rated 6 till 7 as median. Pain variation, complicating factors andpsychological factors were missing in the questionnaire according to the participants. Therewere no significant differences between people with low or high average pain or those whodid and did not meet recommendations for physical activity. Conclusion: The participants' perception of the questionnaire's clarity, feasibility andrelevance was consistently quite good. No significant differences were found in groupcomparisons. For future studies, evaluation of the questionnaire in other populations andfurther tests of validity and reliability are recommended.

Latency is a common issue found in robotics teleoperation that is not currently addressed in simulation. This study examined the effects of latency on operator performance for a robot teleoperation navigation task. Operators used a Logitech gamepad controller to teleoperate a robot through both a simulated environment and real-world environment. Both environments had the same dimensions and provided a path with obstacles the participant had to navigate. Participants performed this navigation task under three latency conditions, zero, low and high. Completion time, number of collisions, NASA-TLX, System Usability Survey, and User Experience survey were collected and participant performance compared for all latency conditions across the simulated and real-world environments. Results indicated a significant difference in participant performance between the simulated and real-world scenarios.

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