El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la efectividad de la técnica de sesiones demostrativas en el incremento de conocimientos sobre la prevención de anemia ferropénica en las madres de niños entre 6 y 23 meses del Centro de Salud Conde de la Vega Baja. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, nivel aplicativo, método cuasi-experimental de un solo diseño; la muestra estuvo conformada por 39 madres, obtenida mediante muestreo no probabilístico de tipo Intencionado. El instrumento que se utilizó para la recolección de datos fue el cuestionario y como técnica la encuesta, el cual fue aplicado antes y después de las sesiones demostrativas durante los meses de noviembre – diciembre del 2008. Los resultados mostraron que el nivel de conocimiento de las madres de familia sobre la prevención de anemia ferropénica, antes de la aplicación de la sesión demostrativa fue de nivel medio predominantemente con 53.80%, seguido del 23.1% con conocimiento bajo. Con respecto a las madres que presentaron nivel de conocimiento medio, mostraron una modificación considerable en la evaluación posterior, encontrándose que 19 (90.5%) incrementaron sus conocimientos pasando a presentar un nivel de conocimiento alto y sólo 2 (9.5%) se mantuvo con la estimación inicial. Las madres que inicialmente presentaron nivel de conocimiento bajo, también mostraron variaciones en la evaluación posterior a la aplicación de la sesión demostrativa; encontrándose que 8 (88.9%) incrementaron sus conocimientos a un nivel de conocimiento alto, y sólo 1 (11.1%) pasó a conocimiento medio. Visto de modo global, se evidencia que después de la aplicación de la sesión demostrativa, el 92.3 % de las madres presenta nivel de conocimiento alto y sólo el 7.7% conocimiento medio; siendo estos resultados altamente significativos, el cual fue demostrado a través de la prueba t de student, obteniéndose un tcalc: 10.98, con un nivel de significancia de α: 0.05 por lo que se acepta la hipótesis de estudio comprobando así la efectividad de la técnica de sesiones demostrativas en el incremento de conocimientos. / The present study must like objective determine the effectiveness of the technique of demonstrative sessions in the increase of knowledge on the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in the mothers of children between 6 and 23 months of the Center of Health Conde de la Vega Baja on Cercado de Lima. The study is of quantitative type, aplicativo level, quasi-experimental method; the sample size was of 39 mothers, obtained by means of non probabilistic sampling of intention type. The instrument that was used for the data collection was the questionnaire and like technique the survey, which was before applied and after the demonstrative sessions during the months of November - December of the 2008. The results showed that the level of knowledge of mothers on the prevention of iron deficiency anemia, before the implementation of the demo session was dominated by middle-level 53.80%, followed by 23.1% with low knowledge. With respect to mothers who had level of knowledge medium, showed a considerable change in the subsequent assessment found that 19 (90.5%) increased their passing skills to present a high level of knowledge and only 2 (9.5%) remained with the initial estimate. Mothers who had initially low level of knowledge, also showed variations in the evaluation after the implementation of the demo session, found that 8 (88.9%) increased their knowledge at a high level of knowledge, and only 1 (11.1%) went half knowledge. Viewed on a global basis, there is evidence that after the implementation of the demo session, the 92.3% of mothers show high level of knowledge and understanding only half the 7.7%, these results are highly significant, which was demonstrated through the t of student, obtaining a tcalc: 10.98, with a significance level α of 0.05 was accepted as the hypothesis testing and study the effectiveness of the technique of demonstration sessions in increasing knowledge.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de anemia em crianças de 3 a 12 meses de idade, associada às variáveis maternas, neonatais e de aleitamento materno, atendidas num serviço de saúde de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Neste estudo, que foi um recorte de um projeto multicêntrico, utilizou-se parte dos dados coletados na UBDS Vila Virginia, em Ribeirão Preto-SP, a fim de se atingirem os objetivos propostos. Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo e quantitativo, do qual participaram 121 mães e seus respectivos filhos, de 3 a 12 meses de idade, atendidos no serviço de puericultura da UBDS Vila Virgínia, turno da tarde, no período de 01 de setembro/2005 a 31 de julho/2006. No seu desenvolvimento, realizaram-se entrevistas com as mães, para preenchimento do formulário, e também colheu-se amostra de sangue da região do calcâneo da criança, para dosagem da hemoglobina (Hb). Adotaram-se três critérios internacionais, como parâmetros de anemia, usando-se para as crianças de 3 a 5 meses de idade completos dois critérios, de Hb < 10,0 g/dL segundo padrão Brault-Dubuc e Hb< 10,3 g/dL, padrão Saarinen; para as crianças e 6 a 12 meses de idade incompletos, critério de Hb < 11,0 g/dL, adotado pela OMS. Na análise dos dados, utilizaram-se distribuição de freqüências, médias, desvios padrões e medianas, teste de associação e regressão logística. Do total de 69 crianças de 3 a 5 meses de idade completos, a prevalência de anemia foi de 17,4 e 20,2%, segundo padrões Brault-Dubuc e Saarinen, respectivamente. Nas crianças de 6 a 12 meses de idade incompletos, a prevalência de anemia foi de 48,0%, segundo critério da OMS. No total de 121 crianças de 3 a 12 meses de idade, a prevalência de anemia foi de 30,6 e 32,2%, respectivamente, segundo combinação dos três critérios. Não encontrou-se associação entre anemia e variáveis maternas e formas de morar e viver das famílias; porém, com relação às variáveis infantis, encontrou-se forte associação entre anemia e idade da criança; não se identificou associação entre anemia e sexo, peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e consumo de ferro medicamentoso. Quanto à anemia e aleitamento não se encontrou associação estatisticamente significativa entre os diferentes tipos e duração do aleitamento materno. O consumo de água e chá aumentou 1,8 vez o risco de adquirir anemia mas, o resultado não foi estatisticamente significativo. O uso de leite de vaca fluido apresentou-se associado à anemia, aumentando em 1,7 vez o risco de adquiri-la. / This study aimed to verify the prevalence of anemia in children 3 to 12 months old associated to maternal, neonatal and breastfeed variables, assisted in a health service in Ribeirão Preto, SP. Part of the data collected for a multicenter project in the UBDS (Basic and District Health Unit) Vila Virginia was used. This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and quantitative study. A total of 121 mothers and their respective children, 3 to 12 moths old, assisted in the child care service of the UBDS Vila Virginia in the afternoon shift in the period between September 1st, 2005 to July 31st, 2006 participated in the study. Mothers were interviewed in order to fill in the form and blood samples were collected from the children\'s calcaneus region to determine the hemoglobin (Hb) dosage. Three international criteria were adopted as parameters of anemia. For children 3 to 5 months old, two criteria were used, the standard Brault-Dubuc, Hb<10.0 g/dl and the standard Saarinen, Hb<10.3 g/dl and for children 6 to under 12 months old, the criterion adopted by WHO, Hb < 11,0 g/dl, was used. In the data analysis, frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and median, association test and logistic regression were used. From the 69 children, 3 to 5 months old, the prevalence of anemia was 17.4 and 20.2%, according to Brault-Dubuc and Saarinen standards, respectively. For children 6 to under 12 months old, the prevalence of anemia was 48.0% according to the WHO criterion. In the total, for 121 children 3 to 12 months old, the prevalence of anemia was 30.6 and 32.2% respectively, according to the three combined standards. There was no association between anemia and maternal variables and families\' living conditions. However, there was strong association between anemia and children\'s age; no association between anemia and gender, weight at birth, gestational age and consumption of medicamentous iron were found. There was also no statistically significant association between anemia and breastfeeding in terms of types and duration of breastfeeding. The consumption of water and tea increased 1.8 times the risk of acquiring anemia though the results was not statistically significant. The consumption of liquid cow milk was associated to anemia and increased 1.7 times the risk of acquiring it.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la efectividad de la técnica de sesiones demostrativas en el incremento de conocimientos sobre la prevención de anemia ferropénica en las madres de niños entre 6 y 23 meses del Centro de Salud Conde de la Vega Baja. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, nivel aplicativo, método cuasi-experimental de un solo diseño; la muestra estuvo conformada por 39 madres, obtenida mediante muestreo no probabilístico de tipo Intencionado. El instrumento que se utilizó para la recolección de datos fue el cuestionario y como técnica la encuesta, el cual fue aplicado antes y después de las sesiones demostrativas durante los meses de noviembre – diciembre del 2008. Los resultados mostraron que el nivel de conocimiento de las madres de familia sobre la prevención de anemia ferropénica, antes de la aplicación de la sesión demostrativa fue de nivel medio predominantemente con 53.80%, seguido del 23.1% con conocimiento bajo. Con respecto a las madres que presentaron nivel de conocimiento medio, mostraron una modificación considerable en la evaluación posterior, encontrándose que 19 (90.5%) incrementaron sus conocimientos pasando a presentar un nivel de conocimiento alto y sólo 2 (9.5%) se mantuvo con la estimación inicial. Las madres que inicialmente presentaron nivel de conocimiento bajo, también mostraron variaciones en la evaluación posterior a la aplicación de la sesión demostrativa; encontrándose que 8 (88.9%) incrementaron sus conocimientos a un nivel de conocimiento alto, y sólo 1 (11.1%) pasó a conocimiento medio. Visto de modo global, se evidencia que después de la aplicación de la sesión demostrativa, el 92.3 % de las madres presenta nivel de conocimiento alto y sólo el 7.7% conocimiento medio; siendo estos resultados altamente significativos, el cual fue demostrado a través de la prueba t de student, obteniéndose un tcalc: 10.98, con un nivel de significancia de α: 0.05 por lo que se acepta la hipótesis de estudio comprobando así la efectividad de la técnica de sesiones demostrativas en el incremento de conocimientos. / The present study must like objective determine the effectiveness of the technique of demonstrative sessions in the increase of knowledge on the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in the mothers of children between 6 and 23 months of the Center of Health Conde de la Vega Baja on Cercado de Lima. The study is of quantitative type, aplicativo level, quasi-experimental method; the sample size was of 39 mothers, obtained by means of non probabilistic sampling of intention type. The instrument that was used for the data collection was the questionnaire and like technique the survey, which was before applied and after the demonstrative sessions during the months of November - December of the 2008. The results showed that the level of knowledge of mothers on the prevention of iron deficiency anemia, before the implementation of the demo session was dominated by middle-level 53.80%, followed by 23.1% with low knowledge. With respect to mothers who had level of knowledge medium, showed a considerable change in the subsequent assessment found that 19 (90.5%) increased their passing skills to present a high level of knowledge and only 2 (9.5%) remained with the initial estimate. Mothers who had initially low level of knowledge, also showed variations in the evaluation after the implementation of the demo session, found that 8 (88.9%) increased their knowledge at a high level of knowledge, and only 1 (11.1%) went half knowledge. Viewed on a global basis, there is evidence that after the implementation of the demo session, the 92.3% of mothers show high level of knowledge and understanding only half the 7.7%, these results are highly significant, which was demonstrated through the t of student, obtaining a tcalc: 10.98, with a significance level α of 0.05 was accepted as the hypothesis testing and study the effectiveness of the technique of demonstration sessions in increasing knowledge.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1975.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1975.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Aug. 26, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de anemia em crianças de 3 a 12 meses de idade, associada às variáveis maternas, neonatais e de aleitamento materno, atendidas num serviço de saúde de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Neste estudo, que foi um recorte de um projeto multicêntrico, utilizou-se parte dos dados coletados na UBDS Vila Virginia, em Ribeirão Preto-SP, a fim de se atingirem os objetivos propostos. Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo e quantitativo, do qual participaram 121 mães e seus respectivos filhos, de 3 a 12 meses de idade, atendidos no serviço de puericultura da UBDS Vila Virgínia, turno da tarde, no período de 01 de setembro/2005 a 31 de julho/2006. No seu desenvolvimento, realizaram-se entrevistas com as mães, para preenchimento do formulário, e também colheu-se amostra de sangue da região do calcâneo da criança, para dosagem da hemoglobina (Hb). Adotaram-se três critérios internacionais, como parâmetros de anemia, usando-se para as crianças de 3 a 5 meses de idade completos dois critérios, de Hb < 10,0 g/dL segundo padrão Brault-Dubuc e Hb< 10,3 g/dL, padrão Saarinen; para as crianças e 6 a 12 meses de idade incompletos, critério de Hb < 11,0 g/dL, adotado pela OMS. Na análise dos dados, utilizaram-se distribuição de freqüências, médias, desvios padrões e medianas, teste de associação e regressão logística. Do total de 69 crianças de 3 a 5 meses de idade completos, a prevalência de anemia foi de 17,4 e 20,2%, segundo padrões Brault-Dubuc e Saarinen, respectivamente. Nas crianças de 6 a 12 meses de idade incompletos, a prevalência de anemia foi de 48,0%, segundo critério da OMS. No total de 121 crianças de 3 a 12 meses de idade, a prevalência de anemia foi de 30,6 e 32,2%, respectivamente, segundo combinação dos três critérios. Não encontrou-se associação entre anemia e variáveis maternas e formas de morar e viver das famílias; porém, com relação às variáveis infantis, encontrou-se forte associação entre anemia e idade da criança; não se identificou associação entre anemia e sexo, peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e consumo de ferro medicamentoso. Quanto à anemia e aleitamento não se encontrou associação estatisticamente significativa entre os diferentes tipos e duração do aleitamento materno. O consumo de água e chá aumentou 1,8 vez o risco de adquirir anemia mas, o resultado não foi estatisticamente significativo. O uso de leite de vaca fluido apresentou-se associado à anemia, aumentando em 1,7 vez o risco de adquiri-la. / This study aimed to verify the prevalence of anemia in children 3 to 12 months old associated to maternal, neonatal and breastfeed variables, assisted in a health service in Ribeirão Preto, SP. Part of the data collected for a multicenter project in the UBDS (Basic and District Health Unit) Vila Virginia was used. This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and quantitative study. A total of 121 mothers and their respective children, 3 to 12 moths old, assisted in the child care service of the UBDS Vila Virginia in the afternoon shift in the period between September 1st, 2005 to July 31st, 2006 participated in the study. Mothers were interviewed in order to fill in the form and blood samples were collected from the children\'s calcaneus region to determine the hemoglobin (Hb) dosage. Three international criteria were adopted as parameters of anemia. For children 3 to 5 months old, two criteria were used, the standard Brault-Dubuc, Hb<10.0 g/dl and the standard Saarinen, Hb<10.3 g/dl and for children 6 to under 12 months old, the criterion adopted by WHO, Hb < 11,0 g/dl, was used. In the data analysis, frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and median, association test and logistic regression were used. From the 69 children, 3 to 5 months old, the prevalence of anemia was 17.4 and 20.2%, according to Brault-Dubuc and Saarinen standards, respectively. For children 6 to under 12 months old, the prevalence of anemia was 48.0% according to the WHO criterion. In the total, for 121 children 3 to 12 months old, the prevalence of anemia was 30.6 and 32.2% respectively, according to the three combined standards. There was no association between anemia and maternal variables and families\' living conditions. However, there was strong association between anemia and children\'s age; no association between anemia and gender, weight at birth, gestational age and consumption of medicamentous iron were found. There was also no statistically significant association between anemia and breastfeeding in terms of types and duration of breastfeeding. The consumption of water and tea increased 1.8 times the risk of acquiring anemia though the results was not statistically significant. The consumption of liquid cow milk was associated to anemia and increased 1.7 times the risk of acquiring it.

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency in the world, leading to long-term developmental and health consequences in populations at risk. Also known as prebiotics, non-digestible oligosaccharides such as fructooligosaccharide (FOS), inulin, galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and lactulose resist digestion by gastric acid and pancreatic enzymes in vivo, but are preferentially fermented by beneficial intestinal bacteria once they reach the colon. Prebiotics have been shown to increase the absorption of minerals such as iron from diets, but results from studies reported in the literature at times are contradictory, and mechanisms involved are still unclear. A better understanding of the role of FOS and other prebiotics in iron absorption may lead to new dietary modification strategies to increase intake of iron absorption enhancers in plant-based diets. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the effects of prolonged FOS, as well as Synergy 1 (a combination of long- and short-chain FOS), inulin, GOS and lactulose supplementation on iron status of anemic rats; and to assess the enhancing effects of FOS on iron absorption and elucidate the regulatory mechanism involved using the Caco-2 cell culture model. In our animal studies, male Sprague-Dawley rats were first fed a low-iron diet for 14 days prior to prebiotics supplementation to achieve an iron-deficient status. Rats receiving the low-iron diet (12 ppm Fe) showed significantly lower non-heme iron concentrations in liver, spleen and kidney, as well as lower hemoglobin level than rats receiving a normal diet (45 ppm Fe), confirming iron-deficiency anemia. At the onset of the feeding trials, anemic rats were further divided into groups with or without supplementation of prebiotics. Prebiotics were provided to the rats by dissolving in water at 5% (w/v). Rats were kept on their respective test diets for 28 or 35 days, and all had free access to food and water during the feeding trials. The results showed significantly higher hemoglobin and non-heme iron levels in anemic rats with FOS or GOS supplementation, suggesting that both FOS and GOS could have positive effects on the iron status of anemic subjects with a low-iron intake. Rat colon contents also showed significant changes in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, presumably due to fermentation of prebiotics by intestinal microflora. Changes in the expression of Duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb) and Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT-1) in Caco-2 cells were measured by Western Blot and Real Time PCR. Our results confirmed that Caco-2 cells 14 days post confluence provided a stable research model for gene expression studies related to iron absorption. At low iron level, especially with FOS or SCFA supplementation, Dcytb and DMT-1 expression levels were increased in Caco-2 cells. While at high iron level, expression of Dcytb or DMT-1 was mostly down-regulated. Effects of SCFA were much more pronounced than FOS at different iron concentrations, suggesting that any effects of dietary FOS on improving iron status would require fermentation by the intestinal microflora. Further studies on other prebiotics (e.g., GOS and lactulose) and different combinations of SCFA are warranted.

La anemia es uno de los problemas de salud más importantes a nivel mundial. La OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud), calcula que en el mundo hay aproximadamente un total de 2.000 millones de personas anémicas, y que cerca del 50% de los casos pueden atribuirse a la carencia de hierro. A nivel nacional las encuestas han demostrado que hay un consumo inadecuado de hierro y otros micronutrientes en la dieta de la población peruana. En el 2011 la OMS recomendó el uso de multimicronutrientes (MMN) en polvo, para controlar la anemia entre niños de 6 a 23 meses de edad en países donde la prevalencia de anemia es igual o mayor de 20%, como es el caso de nuestro país. La enfermera en conjunto con la madre deberá participar responsablemente en el tratamiento con suplementos de multimicronutrientes en polvo; ya que la madre es eje importante y componente esencial en el cuidado de su niño es por ello que debe conocer sobre la suplementación de hierro con multimicronutrientes en polvo que debe proporcionarle. Es por ello la importancia de este estudio, que tiene como objetivo determinar los conocimientos de los padres de la población infantil sobre la suplementación de Multimicronutrientes en polvo en el centro de salud del MINSA. El presente estudio es de tipo cuantitativo; de nivel descriptivo ya que se va a detallar los conocimientos sobre la suplementación de los multimicronutrientes en polvo, de corte transversal. La población de estudio está constituida por el total de padres de familia que acuden al consultorio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del Centro Materno Infantil. En el consultorio se atienden al año en promedio de 1200 niños de 6 a 35 meses; durante el periodo de recolección de datos que fueron los meses de diciembre 2014 a febrero 2015 se atendieron a un total de 208 infantes. La técnica fue una entrevista encuesta. Los resultados que se hallaran en este estudio serán: los conocimientos de los padres sobre la suplementación de multimicronutrientes en polvo. / --- Anemia is one of the major health problems worldwide. The WHO (World Health Organization) estimates that there are approximately a total of 2,000 million people worldwide anemic, and that about 50% of cases can be attributed to iron deficiency. Nationwide surveys have shown that there is an inadequate intake of iron and other micronutrients in the diet of the Peruvian population. In 2011, WHO recommended using multimicronutrient (MMN) powder, to control anemia among children aged 6-23 months in countries where the prevalence of anemia is equal to or greater than 20%, as is the case of our country. The nurse in conjunction with the mother should participate responsibly in treatment multimicronutrient powder supplements; since the mother is important and essential component axis in the care of your child's why you should know about iron supplementation multimicronutrient powder should receive. That is why the importance of this study, which aims to determine the knowledge of parents of children on supplementation multimicronutrient powder in the MOH health center. The present study is quantitative; descriptive level since it will detail knowledge about the supplementation of multimicronutrient powder in cross section. The study population consists of the total number of parents attending clinics Growth and Development of the Maternity Center. In the office will serve a year on average from 1200 children 6-35 months; during the period of data collection were the months of December 2014 to February 2015 were served a total of 208 infants. The technique was a survey interview. The results that they were in this study are: parental knowledge about supplementation multimicronutrient powder. Keywords: multimicronutrient supplementation, anemia.

Objetivo: Determinar si la lactancia materna exclusiva es factor de riesgo asociado a anemia en lactantes de 06 meses de edad en el Hospital Nacional PNP "LNS" atendidos en el periodo Enero del 2014 - Diciembre del 2016 Métodos: El presente trabajo es un estudio observacional, de análisis retrospectivo, de casos y controles con enfoque cuantitativo. La población consta de 637 lactantes de 06 meses de edad atendidos en el consultorio del niño sano entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre del 2016 en el Hospital Nacional de Policía Luis N. Sáenz. Se contó 67 casos y 134 controles, escogidos al azar. La información fue recogida en el formulario de recolección de datos. Se analizaron las medidas de asociación mediante la razón de momios (OR). Se utilizó un intervalo de confianza del 95% y se aplicó el estadístico Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia estadística menor al 0,05. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos sobre el nivel de asociación fueron: Lactancia materna exclusiva [(OR:0,273) IC95% 0,111-0,668 p:0,003], Bajo peso al nacer [(OR:3,498) IC95% 1,098-11,149 p:0,038], Prematuridad [(OR:4,216) IC95% 1,807-9,837 p:0,000] y Anemia materna [(OR:4) IC95% 1,267-12,821 p:0,012]. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la lactancia materna exclusiva no es un factor de riesgo asociado para el desarrollo de anemia.