This thesis proposes two novel algorithms to analyze whether the power system loses synchronism subsequent to credible contingencies. The two algorithms are based on the concept of Lyapunov exponents (LEs) and the Prony analysis respectively. The concept of LEs is a theoretically sound technique to study the system stability of nonlinear dynamic systems. The LEs measure the exponential rates of divergence or convergence of trajectories in the state space. Considering the higher computational burden associated with the convergence of the true LEs, a modified algorithm is proposed to study the transient stability of the post-fault power system. It is shown that the finite-time LEs calculated by the modified algorithm accurately predicts the said stability. If the power system is transient stable, the rotor angle trajectories of the post-fault system exponentially decay with time. The damping ratios of the dominant oscillatory modes present in these power swings provide the indication on the oscillatory stability. The improved Prony algorithm presented in the thesis can be used to identify the oscillatory stability of the power system subsequent to a contingency. It is shown that that these new algorithms can be used in two applications in power systems, online dynamic security assessment and online oscillations monitoring. The proposed algorithm for rotor angle security assessment first uses the LEs-based algorithm to identify the transient stability. The stable cases are then processed by the improved Prony algorithm. The proposed online oscillations monitoring algorithm uses an event-detection logic and a parallel filter bank before applying the improved Prony algorithm on the measured response to extract the dominant oscillatory modes and to determine their frequencies and damping ratios. The suitability of the two algorithms for the aforementioned applications is investigated using different case studies. It is shown that the computational burdens of the two algorithms are acceptable for the online applications. Furthermore, the oscillations monitoring algorithm, extracts only the dominant modes present in the input signal, extracts both low-frequency inter-area modes and sub-synchronous modes, and performs well under noisy conditions. These features make it more appropriate for wide-area monitoring of power system oscillations using synchronized measurements. / February 2016

The Estimation of Thevenin Equivalent Parameters is useful for System Monitoring and Protection. We studied a method for estimating the Thevenin equivalent circuits. We then studied two applications including voltage stability and fault location. A study of the concepts of Voltage Stability is done in the initial part of this thesis. A Six Bus Power System Model was simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK®. Subsequently, the Thevenin Parameters were calculated. The results were then used for two purposes, to calculate the Maximum Power that can be delivered and for Fault Location.

Orientador: Vivaldo Fernando da Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T02:46:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ayres_HugoMurici_M.pdf: 1495982 bytes, checksum: e8c830648b4338fd4c90f9c0921c63d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Essa dissertação apresenta um estudo que avalia a e?ciência do controlador UPFC (Uni?ed Power Flow Controller) para o amortecimento de oscilações eletromecânicas sob condições de pequenas e grandes perturbações.Um modelo de injeção de potência utilizado para representar o UPFC é implementado no Modelo de Sensibilidade de Potência (MSP). As análises no domínio do tempo são realizadas com o programa PSAT (Power System Analysis Toolbox), no qual também são implementados os modelos do UPFC e do controlador POD (Power Oscillation Damping).Diversos controladores POD são projetados para a modulação de diferentes parâmetros do UPFC. A análise da estabilidade e o projeto dos estabilizadores são baseados em técnicas de resposta em freqüência e no tempo, assim como na técnica de análise modal. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o UPFC possui um grande potencial para a manutenção da estabilidade de ângulo de sistemas de potência quando equipado com controladores POD / Abstract: This dissertation presents a study assessing the effectiveness of the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for damping electromechanical oscillation under small-signal and large disturbances. A UPFC power injection model is implemented in the Power Sensitivity Model (PSM). The time domain analysis is carried out with the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) considering the UPFC and the POD controller models implemented. A number of Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controllers are designed in order to modulate different parameters of the UPFC. The stability analysis and the design of POD controllers are based on time and frequency response techniques. Modal analysis technique is also utilized. Results obtained reveal that the UPFC has a great potential to maintain the power system angle stability when it is equipped with POD controller / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Vivaldo Fernando da Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T01:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_AlinedaSilva_M.pdf: 1630763 bytes, checksum: a79cfa073b1e00a5a037e569e5a09bac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo que avalia o desempenho do PST (Phase Shifting Transformer), equipado com um controlador suplementar, para o amortecimento de oscilações eletromecânicas de baixa freqüência em sistemas de energia elétrica. O modelo dinâmico que representa o PST é implementado no Modelo de Sensibilidade de Potência (MSP). A análise da estabilidade e o projeto de estabilizadores POD (Power Oscillation Damping) são baseados em análise modal, bifurcações de Hopf, gráficos do lugar das raízes e técnicas de resposta em freqüência e no tempo. É investigado o desempenho de diferentes sinais de entrada para os controladores. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o PST, quando equipado com estabilizadores, possui um grande potencial para manutenção da estabilidade de ângulo a pequenas perturbações de sistemas elétricos de potência / Abstract: This dissertation presents an assessment of the performance of PST (Phase Shifting Transformer) equipped with a supplemental controller for damping power systems low-frequency electromechanical oscillations. The dynamic model that represents the PST is implemented in the Power Sensitivity Model (PSM). The stability analysis and the design of POD (Power Oscillation Damping) stabilizers are based on modal analysis, Hopf bifurcations, root locus plots and time and frequency response techniques. The performance of different input signals to the controllers is investigated. The results obtained reveal that the PST, when equipped with stabilizers, has a great potential for keeping power systems small-signal angle stability / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Due to the ever-increasing penetration of distributed generation units connected to the power distribution system, electric power systems, worldwide, are undergoing a paradigm shift with regards to system monitoring, operation and control. We envision that with the emergence of `active' distribution systems consisting of `prosumers' and localized energy markets, decentralized control methods in power systems are gaining a growing attention among power researchers. Traditionally, two main types of control schemes have been implemented in power systems: (a) wide-area monitoring based centralized control, and (b) local measurement based primary (machine) level control. By contrast, decentralized control schemes based on local monitoring and control of strategically-determined subsystems (or `areas') of a large-scale power system are not used. The latter control schemes offer several advantages over the former, which include more flexibility, simplicity, economy and scalability for large-scale systems. In this dissertation, we summarize our research work on hierarchical and decentralized control techniques for the enhancement in a unified manner of voltage and rotor angle stability in large-scale power systems subject to large (e.g., short circuits) and small (e.g., small load changes) disturbances. We study system robustness by calculating local stability margins. We derive decentralized control laws that guaranty global asymptotic stability by applying Lyapunov's second method for interconnected systems. Furthermore, we argue that the current centralized control structure must only play a supervisory control role at a higher (tertiary) hierarchical level by processing the decisions taken by the regional control entities regarding the stability/instability of the system. This ensures system-wide situational awareness while minimizing the communication bandwidth requirements. We also develop a multi-agent based framework for this hierarchical control scheme. Finally, we compare different communication protocols using simulation models and propose an efficient communication network design for decentralized control schemes. This work, in principle, motivates the development of fast stability analysis which, in the future, may also account for the non-linear coupling that exist between machine rotor angles and bus voltages in power system models. As a future work, we propose the use of statistical techniques like random-effects regression and saddlepoint approximation method to reliably estimate the type-I and type-II probability errors in the proposed hierarchical, decentralized control decision process. / Ph. D. / In the present research work, we have proposed a decentralized, hierarchical control scheme for large-scale, interconnected power systems. Using Lyapunov’s second method for interconnected systems, we have derived <i>decentralized</i> control laws for control devices which ensure global asymptotic stability of weakly interconnected power systems. The decentralized control schemes have several advantages over centralized ones. For instance, the former approaches lead to a reduction of dimensionality in terms of both modeling and controlling the state variables of a system. One of the major contributions of this research work is the reduction of the dimensionality of the energy function and of the regression models used to determine the control laws, which results from the non requirement of exchanging information between control areas or of sending all the measurements to a central controller. Hence, the proposed scheme also yields smaller communication requirements than those of completely centralized wide-area controllers, while offering a better situational awareness. Similar decentralized control schemes are commonly used in robotic, transportation and surveillance systems.

Recently, the widespread use of power system controllers, such as PSS and FACTS controllers, has led to the analysis of their effect on the overall stability of power systems. Many studies have been conducted to allocate FACTS controllers so that they achieve optimal power flow conditions in the context of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) analysis. However, these studies usually do not examine the effect of these controllers on the voltage and angle stability of the entire system, considering that the types of these controllers and their control signals, such as reactive power, current, or voltage, have significant effect on the entire system stability. <br /><br /> Due to the recent transition from government controlled to deregulated electricity markets, the relationship between power system controllers and electricity markets has added a new dimension, as the effect of these controllers on the overall power system stability has to be seen from an economic point of view. Studying the effect of adding and tuning these controllers on the pricing of electricity within the context of electricity markets is a significant and novel research area. Specifically, the link among stability, FACTS controllers and electricity pricing should be appropriately studied and modelled. <br /><br /> Consequently, in this thesis, the focus is on proposing and describing of a novel OPF technique which includes a new stability constraint. This technique is compared with respect to existent OPF techniques, demonstrating that it provides an appropriate modelling of system controllers, and thus a better understanding of their effects on system stability and energy pricing. The proposed OPF technique offers a new methodology for pricing the dynamic services provided by the system's controllers. Moreover, the new OPF technique can be used to develop a novel tuning methodology for PSS and FACTS controllers to optimize power dispatch and price levels, as guaranteeing an adequate level of system security. All tests and comparisons are illustrated using 3-bus and 14-bus benchmark systems.

The number of large-scale wind farms integrated to the power system in Sweden is increasing. Two generator concepts that are widely used are Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) and Full Power Converters (FPC). The study is of a quantitative character and the aim of the Master thesis is to compare DFIG-models with FPC-models integrated in an area with high concentration of hydropower. Then it is possible to examine how the dynamics in the power system change depending on the selection of technology (DFIG or FPC) when connecting a wind farm. The power system is simulated during a summer night, i.e., a low load is connected. The Master thesis covers stability analysis of the power system by using rotor angle stability that are split into small-signal stability and transient stability (time-domain simulations) and finally voltage stability to see how the hydropower generators react when varying the power production in the wind farm. The Master thesis concludes that independently of wind turbine technique, integration of a wind farm has slight impact on the stability in the power system compared to a power system without a wind farm, even though the load is low. Further, an integration of a wind farms affects the reactive power production in neighbouring hydropower plants. Finally, when increasing the size of the wind farm the neighbouring hydropower station consume less reactive power which can induce problem with the voltage stability.

Recently, the widespread use of power system controllers, such as PSS and FACTS controllers, has led to the analysis of their effect on the overall stability of power systems. Many studies have been conducted to allocate FACTS controllers so that they achieve optimal power flow conditions in the context of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) analysis. However, these studies usually do not examine the effect of these controllers on the voltage and angle stability of the entire system, considering that the types of these controllers and their control signals, such as reactive power, current, or voltage, have significant effect on the entire system stability. <br /><br /> Due to the recent transition from government controlled to deregulated electricity markets, the relationship between power system controllers and electricity markets has added a new dimension, as the effect of these controllers on the overall power system stability has to be seen from an economic point of view. Studying the effect of adding and tuning these controllers on the pricing of electricity within the context of electricity markets is a significant and novel research area. Specifically, the link among stability, FACTS controllers and electricity pricing should be appropriately studied and modelled. <br /><br /> Consequently, in this thesis, the focus is on proposing and describing of a novel OPF technique which includes a new stability constraint. This technique is compared with respect to existent OPF techniques, demonstrating that it provides an appropriate modelling of system controllers, and thus a better understanding of their effects on system stability and energy pricing. The proposed OPF technique offers a new methodology for pricing the dynamic services provided by the system's controllers. Moreover, the new OPF technique can be used to develop a novel tuning methodology for PSS and FACTS controllers to optimize power dispatch and price levels, as guaranteeing an adequate level of system security. All tests and comparisons are illustrated using 3-bus and 14-bus benchmark systems.

Orientadores: Vivaldo Fernando da Costa, Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T18:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kopcak_Igor_D.pdf: 1188245 bytes, checksum: e1912d198506d0fd20e05f9202486e80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O estressamento dos sistemas elétricos tem voltado o interesse de engenheiros e pesquisadores para a definição e avaliação de margens de segurança relacionadas a critérios dinâmicos. Neste trabalho é proposta uma ferramenta que permite a avaliação de quatro diferentes critérios de estabilidade: margem de amortecimento, margem oscilatória, margem de estabilidade de tensão e o ponto de máximo carregamento. A metodologia baseia-se em um fluxo de carga expandido que incorpora as características de regime permanente de dispositivos dinâmicos, fornecendo pontos de equilíbrio precisos e mais condizentes com a resposta "real" dos sistemas elétricos quando sujeitos a perturbações. As margens são calculadas através da análise modal aplicada aos pontos de equilíbrio de curvas PV. Além disso, estudos preliminares são conduzidos objetivando a expansão da análise modal estática, fornecendo fatores de participação para todas as barras do sistema, dos pontos de vista das potências ativa e reativa. Portanto, a plataforma não só permite a identificação dos pontos onde ocorreria o colapso do sistema, como fornece a indicação das medidas corretivas mais efetivas para evitar problemas de instabilidade / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

This thesis deals with the infulence of compensation cabel network on the stability of nearby power source. This issue is topical with the increase in the ratio of cable networks 110 kV in large cities. The work examines the theoretical concept of stability and factors that affect it. Mainly discusses the stability angle rotor of a synchronous machina. The practical part is performed in MODES software, that performs dynamic simulation of the behavior of the model. In this case, it will be behavior of synchronous machine during short-circuit in network at different values of compensation of this network.