The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of soring in the Tennessee Walking Horse industry. Although a limited amount of research has focused on the practice, this is the first known study to utilize a criminological lens to better understand the perceptions and motivations of its use. The study relies upon data collected from Tennessee Walking Horse trainers, event attendees, and Designated Qualified Persons (DQPs), which are analyzed via a mixed-methods approach. Agnew’s (1998) theory on the causes of animal abuse serves as the theoretical framework for this analysis. Results provide a moderate amount of support for the theory’s extension to the problem. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed, as is a framework by which future researchers can continue to advance knowledge regarding soring in the industry.

No description available.

75 Abstract Criminal liability in environmental protection Presented dissertation deals with a very current topic, which is environmental protection through the criminal law standards. It mostly deals with criminal environmental protection instruments in the Czech Republic and puts them into the international and European context. It describes the conditions of a criminal liability with an emphasis on the criminal liability of the legal persons, a new element in Czech law. A big part of this dissertation is dedicated to the individual environmental crimes, which can be found in the criminal code in a part VIII or in another parts within the special part. Two chapters are dedicated to analysis of the two crimes in detail - Damage and threats of the environment (including its negligent forms) and Animal abuse including the historical development of it. The aim of this dissertation is an analysis of actual and efficient legal regulation.

O presente trabalho contempla o estudo das principais alterações macroscópicas e anatomopatológicas do sistema nervoso central (SNC) encontradas em animais que morreram em decorrência de traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). Além da determinação das lesões de golpe, contragolpe e padrão de lesão axonal difusa encontradas nesse tipo de trauma. Inicialmente realizou-se a necropsia dos animais com devido registro fotográfico, descrição das lesões macroscópicas e coleta de material para processamento histológico de rotina e confecção das lâminas coradas em hematoxilina-eosina (HE) para avaliação histopatológica. A imunohistoquímica foi realizada a partir dos mesmos segmentos utilizados nas lâminas de HE, com os anticorpos anti-proteína precursora do β-amiloide (APP), para determinação da lesão axonal, e anti-GFAP e anti-vimentina para avaliação de respostas do tecido nervoso à injúria, como astrocitose e astrogliose. Macroscopicamente as principais lesões observadas caracterizaram-se por lesões focais decorrentes de traumatismo direto, com fraturas de ossos do crânio, laceração de neuroparênquima e contusões. No exame histopatológico as lesões principais caracterizaram-se por hemorragia subdural e em neuroparênquima, congestão, edema tecidual e necrose em variados graus de intensidade e regiões do encéfalo. A lesão axonal foi confirmada pela imunomarcação do βAPP que revelou marcação multifocal de axônios tumefeitos formando esferoides axonais, bulbos axonais ou axônios varicosos em alguns casos. Astrocitose, astrogliose e neovascularização foram observados na maioria dos casos através dos anticorpos GFAP e vimentina. Conclui-se no presente estudo que cães e gatos com TCE apresentaram lesões histologicamente caracterizadas por hemorragias multifocais em meninge e neuroparênquima em diversas regiões, além de edema, necrose e congestão, principalmente. A lesão axonal caracterizou-se pela formação de esferoides axonais, bulbos axonais e longos axônios varicosos. Esta característica foi observada em apenas 2 animais deste estudo, e destes apenas um animal (caso 6) apresentou um padrão de lesão axonal traumática difusa, confirmada pela presença de acentuada marcação pelo anticorpo βAPP. Adicionalmente, foi observada astrocitose e astrogliose em cinco animais, principalmente das áreas próximas às lesões, avaliadas pelos anticorpos GFAP e vimentina. / The present work contemplates the study of the main macroscopic and anatomopathological changes of the central nervous system (CNS) in animals that died due to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Besides the determination of the coup and countercoup and pattern of diffuse axonal injury in this type of trauma. Initially, the animals were necropsied and photographic recorded and macroscopic lesions were described and collect material for histological processing routine and the preparation of slides in hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was performed from the same segments used in the HE slides, with anti-(β-amyloid precursor protein antibodies (βAPP) for determination of axonal lesion, and anti-GFAP and anti-vimentin for evaluation of tissue responses to injury, such as astrocytosis and astrogliosis. Macroscopically, the main lesions observed were focal lesions due to direct trauma, such as skull fractures, neuroparenchyma laceration and contusions. In the histopathological evaluation, the main lesions were characterized by subdural hemorrhage and in neuroparenchyma, congestion, tissue edema and necrosis in varying degrees of intensity and regions of the encephalon. The axonal injury was confirmed by (βAPP immunostaining that revealed multifocal labeled of swellings axons forming axonal spheroids, axonal bulbs or varicose axons in some cases. Astrocytosis, astrogliosis and neovascularization were observed in most cases through the antibodies GFAP and vimentin. In conclusion the present study demonstrate that dogs and cats with TBI presented histologically lesions characterized by multifocal hemorrhage in meninge and neuroparenchyma in different areas, as well as edema, necrosis and congestion, mainly. Axonal injury was determined by axonal swelling, bulbs and varicosities. This characteristic was observed in only 2 animals in this study, and only one of those (case 6) presented pattern of diffuse traumatic axonal injury, confirmed by accentuated (βAPP labeling. Addiotionally, astrocytosis and astrogliosis was observed in five animals, mainly in areas close to lesions, evaluated by GFAP and vimentin antibodies.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of sociological research on animal abuse. It identifies the basic problems that this research has to deal with, these problems are described in detail and a solution is proposed in the form of the construction of a new research tool. Subsequently, an attempt is made to validate this newly created research tool, its weaknesses and strengths are summed up and further possible research in this area is discussed. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the problem of animal abuse is introduced in the historical context first, and then a summary of basic problems of sociological exploration of this phenomenon is presented. The final chapter of this section addresses the issue of ethical aspects of animal abuse research. The methodological part presents the design of the research, the process of construction of a new research tool and the methods and approaches used. The analytical part summarizes the knowledge obtained during the cognitive interviews that were conducted in order to validate the newly created research tool. The benefits and limitations of the new instrument are discussed and proposals are made to continue the research on this issue.

No description available.

當人們談論動物保護時，可能提出的問題大約不脫「人類是否應該保護動物」、「人類為何保護動物」、「人類應該保護哪些動物」，以及「人類如何保護動物」之延伸範疇，針對這四個問題又可以依所採之研究基礎偏重倫理學或法學，而有各種不同的回應。 本文採取偏重法學角度之立場，從實定法出發，隨時序個別分析我國及德國動物保護法之歷史發展及現行法呈現之樣貌後，藉由與咸認先進的德國動物保護法制及其背後所可能隱含之人與動物關係的歷史變遷進行比較研究，試圖在同與異之間尋找我國動物保護法所隱含的人與動物關係之可能解釋，此乃嘗試從實定法追溯背後的倫理學意涵，並在此解釋基礎上，進一步探求動物保護法益之可能回答，由倫理學再回歸法學領域，均是試圖回應「人類是否應該保護動物」及「人類為何保護動物」二問。 最後嘗試藉由求得之動物保護法益「道德感情」來建構我國動物保護刑事規範，則是試圖給出「人類應該保護哪些動物」及「人類如何保護動物」二問在刑事法層面上之回答，對現行動物保護法刑事規範提出修正建議，包括將動物一般保護規定及刑事規範分勾，擴張動物一般保護之客體範疇而維持刑事規範涉及之行為客體範圍，以重構本文理想之動保刑事規範。 / When referring to animal protection, the most popular questions probably will be within the range of the following four. Should humans protect animals? Why should humans protect animals? What kind of animals should humans protect? And the final one, how do humans protect animals? The answers can be changed depending on the different views, like ethics view or legal point of view. This study basically focuses on the legal point of view, starting with Taiwan’s Animal Protection Act and German’s Animal Welfare Act (in German: Tierschutzgesetz), by comparing those two different animal protection systems, trying to figure out the development level of Taiwan’s Animal Protection Act in the tide of the world’s development of animal welfare, then using the conclusion to explore the legal interest of animal protection, attempting to answer the first two questions: Should humans protect animals? And why? Furthermore, using the legal interest “moral emotion” to construct ideal animal protection criminal legal norms, attempting to answer the rest of the questions: What kind of animals should humans protect? And how to protect? The final purpose is to reconstruct an ideal animal protection criminal law system in Taiwan.