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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Serological testing algorithm for recent HIV 1 seroconversion (STARHS) : standardisation and online application

Withum, David Grant January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
2

Validation of Treponema pallidum haemoagglutination test compared with Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test

Lind, Emilia January 2023 (has links)
Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) is the bacteria that causes syphilis, which is a sexually transmitted disease that might give the carrier a multisystemic infection. A combination of serological tests is needed to put a diagnosis of T. pallidum infection, because the bacteria cannot be cultured in vitro. Serological tests categorize intro nontreponemal test and treponemal test, which both are needed for a correct diagnosis. The principle of a nontreponemal test is the measure of antibodies directed towards lipoid antigens, whereas the principle of a treponemal test is the measure of antibodies directed towards specific T. pallidum antigens. One kind of a treponemal test that are used are treponemal antibody test which is a manual agglutination test. At Sundsvall County hospital TP-PA was used for detection of antibodies, this kit is no longer available for purchase which means that a new kit must be validated to take its place. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible replacing kit, TP-HA. To validate TP-HA, ten positive serum samples were analyzed and compared with the two kits. A positive kit-control were also used to confirm the results of this study. The results showed that TP-PA was more sensitive than TP-HA according to a Wilxocon ranking test (p<0.05). Because TP-PA has to be replaced due to stricter in vitro diagnostic regulation (IVD-R laws), TP-HA will be taking its place even though it differs in sensitivity. This might effect tests with a lower titre, they might give a negative result even though the test has a low concentration of antibodies which needs to be further evaluated.
3

Soroepidemiologia de Neospora caninum em cães no município de Porto Alegre, RS.

Teixeira, Mariana Caetano January 2010 (has links)
Neospora caninum é um protozoário do filo Apicomplexa que causa infecções associadas com aborto, mortalidade neonatal e alterações neurológicas em várias espécies animais. O cão desempenha papel fundamental na epidemiologia da neosporose por ser o hospedeiro definitivo deste protozoário. A prevalência de anticorpos para este protozoário em cães tem sido avaliada em vários países, inclusive no Brasil, com índices que variam de 4,8% a 45%. O presente trabalho objetivou verificar a prevalência de anticorpos classe IgG para Neospora caninum em cães e os fatores de risco na área urbana do município de Porto Alegre- RS, utilizando a Técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e aplicação de questionário epidemiológico com os responsáveis pelos animai. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, animais domiciliados, errantes e de criatórios comerciais. A freqüência de anticorpos foi de 13,84% (36/260) de amostras positivas nas 260 amostras analisadas. Os títulos sorológicos observados variaram de 50 (44%) a 3200 (3%). Os dados obtidos no questionário foram analisados pelo Teste Exato de Fisher, e observou-se associação entre a positividade e os fatores alimentação e acesso a rua, com maior positividade para os animais que tinham acesso a rua (p<0.001) e recebiam alimentados com comida caseira. Os fatores idade, sexo e contato direto com outros cães não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação à positividade dos animais. Este estudo demonstra que o N. caninum está presente em cães da área urbana de Porto Alegre, necessitando de mais estudos nessa população que esclareçam os fatores de risco ao protozoário. / Neospora caninum is a protozoan of phylum Apicomplexa which causes infections associated with abortion, neonatal mortality and neurological changes in several animal species. Dogs play key role in the epidemiology of neosporosis for being the definitive host of this protozoan. The prevalence of antibodies to this protozoan in dogs has been assessed in several countries, including Brazil, with rates ranging from 4.8% to 45%. This work had as its main objective to verify the prevalence of IgG class antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs and the risk factors in the urban area of the municipality of Porto Alegre-RS using the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and applying an epidemiological questionnaire with those responsible for the animals. Animals were divided into three groups, domestic (pets) and wandering animals and those from commercial breeders. The frequency of antibodies was 13.84% (36/260) of positive samples in 260 samples which were analyzed. The serological titles observed varied from 50 (44%) to 3200 (3%). The data obtained in the questionnaire were analyzed by Fisher Exact Test, and some association between the positivity of IFAT and factors such as food and access to the street were observed. There was greater positivity for animals which had access to street (p < 0,001) and were fed with homemade food. Factors such as age, sex and direct contact with other animals have not showed any significant difference in relation to the positivity of the animals. This study demonstrates that Neospora caninum is present in dogs of the urban area of Porto Alegre which requires more studies in such population to clarify the risk factors to the protozoan.
4

Soroepidemiologia de Neospora caninum em cães no município de Porto Alegre, RS.

Teixeira, Mariana Caetano January 2010 (has links)
Neospora caninum é um protozoário do filo Apicomplexa que causa infecções associadas com aborto, mortalidade neonatal e alterações neurológicas em várias espécies animais. O cão desempenha papel fundamental na epidemiologia da neosporose por ser o hospedeiro definitivo deste protozoário. A prevalência de anticorpos para este protozoário em cães tem sido avaliada em vários países, inclusive no Brasil, com índices que variam de 4,8% a 45%. O presente trabalho objetivou verificar a prevalência de anticorpos classe IgG para Neospora caninum em cães e os fatores de risco na área urbana do município de Porto Alegre- RS, utilizando a Técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e aplicação de questionário epidemiológico com os responsáveis pelos animai. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, animais domiciliados, errantes e de criatórios comerciais. A freqüência de anticorpos foi de 13,84% (36/260) de amostras positivas nas 260 amostras analisadas. Os títulos sorológicos observados variaram de 50 (44%) a 3200 (3%). Os dados obtidos no questionário foram analisados pelo Teste Exato de Fisher, e observou-se associação entre a positividade e os fatores alimentação e acesso a rua, com maior positividade para os animais que tinham acesso a rua (p<0.001) e recebiam alimentados com comida caseira. Os fatores idade, sexo e contato direto com outros cães não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação à positividade dos animais. Este estudo demonstra que o N. caninum está presente em cães da área urbana de Porto Alegre, necessitando de mais estudos nessa população que esclareçam os fatores de risco ao protozoário. / Neospora caninum is a protozoan of phylum Apicomplexa which causes infections associated with abortion, neonatal mortality and neurological changes in several animal species. Dogs play key role in the epidemiology of neosporosis for being the definitive host of this protozoan. The prevalence of antibodies to this protozoan in dogs has been assessed in several countries, including Brazil, with rates ranging from 4.8% to 45%. This work had as its main objective to verify the prevalence of IgG class antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs and the risk factors in the urban area of the municipality of Porto Alegre-RS using the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and applying an epidemiological questionnaire with those responsible for the animals. Animals were divided into three groups, domestic (pets) and wandering animals and those from commercial breeders. The frequency of antibodies was 13.84% (36/260) of positive samples in 260 samples which were analyzed. The serological titles observed varied from 50 (44%) to 3200 (3%). The data obtained in the questionnaire were analyzed by Fisher Exact Test, and some association between the positivity of IFAT and factors such as food and access to the street were observed. There was greater positivity for animals which had access to street (p < 0,001) and were fed with homemade food. Factors such as age, sex and direct contact with other animals have not showed any significant difference in relation to the positivity of the animals. This study demonstrates that Neospora caninum is present in dogs of the urban area of Porto Alegre which requires more studies in such population to clarify the risk factors to the protozoan.
5

Soroepidemiologia de Neospora caninum em cães no município de Porto Alegre, RS.

Teixeira, Mariana Caetano January 2010 (has links)
Neospora caninum é um protozoário do filo Apicomplexa que causa infecções associadas com aborto, mortalidade neonatal e alterações neurológicas em várias espécies animais. O cão desempenha papel fundamental na epidemiologia da neosporose por ser o hospedeiro definitivo deste protozoário. A prevalência de anticorpos para este protozoário em cães tem sido avaliada em vários países, inclusive no Brasil, com índices que variam de 4,8% a 45%. O presente trabalho objetivou verificar a prevalência de anticorpos classe IgG para Neospora caninum em cães e os fatores de risco na área urbana do município de Porto Alegre- RS, utilizando a Técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e aplicação de questionário epidemiológico com os responsáveis pelos animai. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, animais domiciliados, errantes e de criatórios comerciais. A freqüência de anticorpos foi de 13,84% (36/260) de amostras positivas nas 260 amostras analisadas. Os títulos sorológicos observados variaram de 50 (44%) a 3200 (3%). Os dados obtidos no questionário foram analisados pelo Teste Exato de Fisher, e observou-se associação entre a positividade e os fatores alimentação e acesso a rua, com maior positividade para os animais que tinham acesso a rua (p<0.001) e recebiam alimentados com comida caseira. Os fatores idade, sexo e contato direto com outros cães não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação à positividade dos animais. Este estudo demonstra que o N. caninum está presente em cães da área urbana de Porto Alegre, necessitando de mais estudos nessa população que esclareçam os fatores de risco ao protozoário. / Neospora caninum is a protozoan of phylum Apicomplexa which causes infections associated with abortion, neonatal mortality and neurological changes in several animal species. Dogs play key role in the epidemiology of neosporosis for being the definitive host of this protozoan. The prevalence of antibodies to this protozoan in dogs has been assessed in several countries, including Brazil, with rates ranging from 4.8% to 45%. This work had as its main objective to verify the prevalence of IgG class antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs and the risk factors in the urban area of the municipality of Porto Alegre-RS using the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and applying an epidemiological questionnaire with those responsible for the animals. Animals were divided into three groups, domestic (pets) and wandering animals and those from commercial breeders. The frequency of antibodies was 13.84% (36/260) of positive samples in 260 samples which were analyzed. The serological titles observed varied from 50 (44%) to 3200 (3%). The data obtained in the questionnaire were analyzed by Fisher Exact Test, and some association between the positivity of IFAT and factors such as food and access to the street were observed. There was greater positivity for animals which had access to street (p < 0,001) and were fed with homemade food. Factors such as age, sex and direct contact with other animals have not showed any significant difference in relation to the positivity of the animals. This study demonstrates that Neospora caninum is present in dogs of the urban area of Porto Alegre which requires more studies in such population to clarify the risk factors to the protozoan.
6

Imunidade humoral aos agentes da babesiose durante o segundo ano de vida de bovinos em área marginal ao vetor Boophilus microplus / Humoral immunity to cattle babesiosis-causing pathogens during the second year of life of cattle maintained in marginal areas for Boophilus microplus 2008

Reiniger, Regina Celis Pereira 15 May 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_regina_celis_pereira_reiniger.pdf: 329158 bytes, checksum: 6caf8cc77973c7a12a10801deeda4e26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-15 / The presence of anti-Babesia bovis and anti-B. bigemina immunoglobulins (IgG class) were evaluated, by indirect fluorescent antibody test, in bovine sera from a naturally tick-infected beef cattle herd. Samples were collected from 31 heifers, from 13 to 24 months of age, from a farm located South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Blood samples were monthly collected followed by observing the presence of Boophilus microplus ticks in cattle. Climatic data were also observation. Mean temperature and relative humidity showed to be higher than their climate normal (1971-2000), allowing constant tick infestations throughout the year. Serologic tests showed that 100% of the animals remained positive for B. bigemina during the experimental period. For B. bovis, however, this condition was only reached from 17 months of age onwards, after the classical third tick generation infestation (autumn). These results showed that the enzootic stability was maintained in this farm, as observed earlier when these same animals were monitored in their first year of age. This epidemiological condition being unusual for this region. The experimental animals showed lower anti-B. bovis (P=0,0002) and anti-B. bigemina (P<0,0001) specific-immunoglobulins when compared to their first year averages. Anti-B. bigemina specific-immunoglobulins were significantly higher than anti-B. bovis specific-immunoglobulins (P=0,0001). These results reveal a situation of enzootic stability in geographical areas early described as of enzootic instability for cattle babesiosis, and provide information to better understand the high frequency of B. bovis outbreaks in this region. / Avaliou-se, através da reação de imunofluorescência indireta, a presença de imunoglobulinas (classe IgG) anti-Babesia bovis e anti-Babesia bigemina no soro de 31 bovinos de um rebanho de corte naturalmente infectado, dos 13 aos 24 meses de vida, em uma propriedade localizada ao sul do Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas mensais de sangue foram acompanhadas de observação da presença do Boophilus microplus, bem como de dados climatológicos durante o ano do experimento. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar mantiveram-se superiores às normais ao longo do ano, favorecendo a constância do carrapato no rebanho. A sorologia revelou que 100% dos bovinos mantiveram-se positivos para B. bigemina durante todo o período experimental, enquanto para B. bovis, esse índice só foi obtido a partir dos 17 meses de idade, após a infestação pela terceira geração de carrapatos (outono). Isso revela que foi mantida a situação de estabilidade enzoótica na propriedade, constatada durante o primeiro ano de vida destes animais, o que é atípico para região. Os bovinos mantiveram títulos de anticorpos significativamente inferiores aos observados durante o seu primeiro ano de vida, tanto para B. bovis (P=0,0002) como para B. bigemina (P<0,0001). A titulação de anticorpos para B. bigemina foi significativamente (P=0,0001) superior à verificada para B. bovis. Os resultados obtidos revelam a existência de situação de estabilidade enzoótica em uma área de instabilidade enzoótica para a babesiose bovina, e fornece subsídios para o entendimento da maior freqüência de casos clínicos causados por B. bovis na região.
7

Utvärdering av icke-invasiva metoder för diagnostik av Helicobacter pylori-infektion : En systematisk litteraturstudie

Gonzalez Elfwing, Olivia, Nilsson, Elin January 2020 (has links)
Helicobacter pylori-infektion är en av de ledande orsakerna till utvecklingen av maligniteter i ventrikeln. Tillämpning av pålitliga analytiska metoder är därför väsentlig för en korrekt diagnostik och behandling av infektionen. Syftet med studien var att ge en översikt av icke-invasiva metoder som tillämpas för påvisning av H. pylori och utvärdera vilken metod som är bäst lämpad, med avseende på metodens prestandaegenskaper och det kliniska tillståndet hos patienten. En systematisk litteraturöversikt utfördes, genom sökning efter vetenskapliga artiklar med inklusions- och exklusionskriterier i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Utvalda artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och 20 studier inkluderades i resultatet. Sammanställt hade fecesantigentester en sensitivitet och specificitet på 92,64% respektive 91,47%, antikroppstester hade 97,20% respektive 81,59%, urea utandningstester hade 91,40% respektive 91,70% och polymeraskedjereaktionen hade 75,45% respektive 98,30%. Därutöver hade kliniska tillstånd såsom atrofisk gastrit, intestinal metaplasi och gastrointestinal blödning en negativ påverkan på metodernas diagnostiska tillförlitlighet. Studien konstaterade att beträffande metodens prestanda är fecesantigentester mest lämpliga för påvisning av H. pylori- infektion. Vid allvarligare kliniska åkommor bör minst två icke-invasiva diagnostiska metoder tillämpas för att säkerställa pålitliga resultat. / Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the leading causes of ventricular pathologies. Reliable analytic methods are therefore crucial for the correct diagnosis and treatment of the infection. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of non-invasive diagnostic methods used for the detection of H. pylori and to evaluate which method is most suitable, considering its performance and the clinical condition of the patient. A systematic literature review was conducted, searching peer-reviewed research articles with inclusion and exclusion criteria on the databases PubMed and CINAHL. An assessment of the selected articles quality resulted in the inclusion of 20 articles. Overall, stool antigen tests had a sensitivity and specificity of 92,64% and 91,47% respectively, antibody tests 97,20% and 81,59% respectively, urea breath tests 91,40% and 91,70% respectively, and the polymerase chain reaction 75,45% and 98,30% respectively. Furthermore, conditions such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastrointestinal bleeding had a negative impact on the diagnostic accuracy of the methods. This study concluded that, regarding the methods performance, stool antigen tests are more suitable for detecting a H. pylori infection. With the mentioned clinical conditions, at least two non- invasive diagnostic methods should be used to ensure reliable results.

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