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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Investigation of Hydrocarbon Stapled Alpha-Helical Peptides as a Novel Method to Interrupt Protein-Target Interactions in Bacteria

Pau, Daniel January 2016 (has links)
With the increasing threat of multidrug resistant bacteria, there is a growing need to invent new drug classes that combat untreatable infections. Small molecule antibiotics have been successful in the past, but humanity is now losing the arms race against previously treatable pathogens. However, the number of clinically approved drugs targeting traditionally undruggable targets in bacteria remains low. New targets of complex protein-target interactions must be targeted for future pharmacological development. In an effort to create clinically viable biologics, the Verdine lab has developed a class of therapeutics called hydrocarbon stapled α-helical peptides; these peptides are known to affect protein-protein interactions by retaining secondary structure in vivo. Although this class of molecules has been extensively researched in cancer and viral therapies, there has been little work in bacteria due to the proposed endocytic method of entry. Moreover, DNA-binding stapled peptides have not been extensively investigated due the complexities in designing a peptide with gene selectivity. In an attempt to study peptides in bacteria, two stapled peptides based on the RpoN domain of σ54 and the FtsZ C-terminus have been synthesized. σ 54 is a DNA-binding co-factor of RNA polymerase (RNAP) and has been shown to regulate virulence and nitrogen and carbon metabolism. FtsZ is the structural unit of the contractile Z-ring that induces cell division. By designing stapled α-helical peptides to target these untraditional PPIs, we anticipate that these molecules may be used for future antimicrobial pharmacological development that treat multidrug resistant bacteria.
2

Étude de la relation structure-activite de la tomatidine, un stéroïde alcaloïde aux propriétés antibiotiques contre les souches persistantes de Staphylococcus aureus

Chagnon, Félix January 2014 (has links)
L’acquisition rapide de résistance aux antibiotiques par Staphylococcus aureus force le milieu hospitalier dans ses derniers retranchements au niveau des traitements antibactériens. Afin de pallier à ce problème, il est important de continuer à innover dans le développement de composés antibiotiques possédant des mécanismes d’action novateurs. Le groupe de François Malouin a récemment démontré que la tomatidine possède une activité antibactérienne et antivirulence contre différentes souches de Staphylococcus aureus, ainsi qu’un potentiel synergique avec les antibiotiques de la famille des aminoglycosides. La cible biologique et le mécanisme d’action de la tomatidine étant à ce jour inconnus, nous avons synthétisé une librairie de 34 analogues dans le but de comprendre la relation structure-activité de ce composé contre les souches persistantes de Staphylococcus aureus, ainsi que dans le but d’améliorer son activité biologique et mieux comprendre son mécanisme d’action. En nous basant sur l’hypothèse que le squelette stéroïdien standard servait principalement de support pour orienter les groupements pharmacophores, nous avons concentré les modifications chimiques sur les pharmacophores eux-mêmes, soit à la fonction hydroxyle en position 3 du cycle A, mais aussi à la fonction spiroaminocétale constituant les cycles E et F de la tomatidine. Les modifications de l’hydroxyle ont été effectuées à partir de la tomatidine elle-même. Nous avons testé l’effet de l’inversion de configuration, de l’allylation, de l’oxydation et de la substitution par différentes amines en cette position. Les modifications sur la fonction spiroaminocétale ont été synthétisées à partir de la tomatidine elle-même, mais également à partir de l’acétate de prégnénolone, un précurseur largement utilisé en chimie stéroïdienne. Dans le premier cas, les modifications ont consisté à synthétiser des analogues de la fonction spiroaminocétale bloquée en conformation fermée, ouverte ou partiellement ouverte. Dans le second cas, les modifications ont porté sur la synthèse d’analogue de la forme ouverte de la fonction spiroaminocétale. Tous les produits synthétisés ont été envoyés au laboratoire du Pr François Malouin afin d’être testés pour leur activité biologique. Les composés ont été testés afin de quantifier leur activité biologique contre S. aureus, seul ou en synergie avec la gentamicine, et également pour quantifier leur activité biologique contre les variantes de petite colonie de S. aureus, un phénotype bactérien souvent associé à des infections récurrentes et difficiles à traiter. Ces tests ont été effectués par Isabelle Guay, étudiante à la maîtrise en biologie à l’Université de Sherbrooke. Cette étude a mené à l’établissement des fondements de la relation structure-activité de la tomatidine envers S. aureus, ainsi qu’à la découverte de certains composés présentant une activité biologique améliorée. Ce travail a permis la rédaction d’un article scientifique intitulé « Unraveling the structure-activity relationship of tomatidine, a steroid alkaloid with unique antibiotic properties against persistent forms of Staphylococcus », soumis à European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry en juillet 2013, qui est présenté en ce mémoire.
3

Fitocompostos capazes de inibir a adesão e outros fatores de virulência bacterianos / Plant-derived compounds able to inhibit adhesion and other bacterial virulence factors

Silva, Laura Nunes January 2016 (has links)
O surgimento de cepas bacterianas resistentes a múltiplos fármacos impulsiona a busca por agentes antimicrobianos que possuem novos mecanismos de ação, incluindo compostos antivirulência. Apesar da ampla variedade de moléculas derivadas de química combinatória produzidas pela indústria farmacêutica, produtos naturais continuam a desempenhar um papel chave no desenvolvimento de fármacos. A seleção de plantas como fonte de compostos antimicrobianos é adequada do ponto de vista ecológico, uma vez que elas naturalmente produzem uma grande variedade de metabólitos secundários que atuam como defesa química contra micro-organismos no ambiente. Neste estudo, nós relatamos que miricetina (Myr), um flavonoide comum derivado de vegetais, frutas, nozes, frutas e chá, pode diminuir a produção de vários fatores de virulência de Staphylococcus aureus utilizando diferentes ensaios fenotípicos. Para explorar o mecanismo pelo qual Myr inibe a virulência de S. aureus, enquanto a sua forma glicosilada não, verificamos os níveis de expressão de genes relacionados à virulência e empregamos simulações de dinâmica molecular com enzimas cruciais no processo de patogênese. Além disso, Myr conferiu um grau significativo de proteção contra a infecção estafilocócica em modelo in vivo de Galleria mellonella. Outro foco deste estudo e com base em dados anteriores, o extrato de Harpochilus neesianus foi selecionado para o fracionamento bioguiado, uma vez que não há estudos fitoquímicos e de atividade biológica relatados na literatura para esta espécie. Utilizando o ensaio de proteinase e análises por MALDI-TOF, peptídeos foram identificados como os compostos bioativos, sendo então isolados por cromatografia em Sephadex G-50 e RPC18. Este estudo revela compostos derivados de plantas com um elevado potencial como protótipos antivirulência contra agentes bacterianos patogênicos e uma possível aplicação destes agentes na concepção de superfícies biomédicas anti-infectivas. / The emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains drives the search for antimicrobials possessing new modes of action, including antivirulence compounds. Despite the wide variety of molecules derived from combinatorial chemistry by the pharmaceutical industry, natural products still play a key role in the development of pharmaceuticals. The selection of plants as source of antimicrobial compounds is appropriate from the ecological standpoint, since they naturally produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that act as a chemical defense against microorganisms in the environment. In this study, we report that myricetin (Myr), a common flavonol derived from vegetables, fruits, nuts, berries and tea, can remarkably decrease the production of several Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors using different phenotypic assays. To explore the mechanism by which Myr inhibits S. aureus virulence, while its glycosylated form does not, we verified the relative expression levels of virulence related genes and employed molecular dynamics simulations with pivotal enzymes in pathogenesis process. Furthermore, Myr conferred a significant degree of protection against staphylococcal infection in Galleria mellonella in vivo model. In addition to this study and based on previous data, Harpochilus neesianus extract was selected for the bioguided fractionation, since no phytochemical studies and biological activity is reported in the literature for this species. By using proteinase assay and MALDI-TOF analyses, peptides were identified as bioactive compounds which were isolated by Sephadex G-50 and RP-C18. This study reveals plant-derived compounds with high potential as antivirulence prototypes against bacterial pathogens and a possible application of these agents in the design of anti-infective biomedical surfaces.
4

Fitocompostos capazes de inibir a adesão e outros fatores de virulência bacterianos / Plant-derived compounds able to inhibit adhesion and other bacterial virulence factors

Silva, Laura Nunes January 2016 (has links)
O surgimento de cepas bacterianas resistentes a múltiplos fármacos impulsiona a busca por agentes antimicrobianos que possuem novos mecanismos de ação, incluindo compostos antivirulência. Apesar da ampla variedade de moléculas derivadas de química combinatória produzidas pela indústria farmacêutica, produtos naturais continuam a desempenhar um papel chave no desenvolvimento de fármacos. A seleção de plantas como fonte de compostos antimicrobianos é adequada do ponto de vista ecológico, uma vez que elas naturalmente produzem uma grande variedade de metabólitos secundários que atuam como defesa química contra micro-organismos no ambiente. Neste estudo, nós relatamos que miricetina (Myr), um flavonoide comum derivado de vegetais, frutas, nozes, frutas e chá, pode diminuir a produção de vários fatores de virulência de Staphylococcus aureus utilizando diferentes ensaios fenotípicos. Para explorar o mecanismo pelo qual Myr inibe a virulência de S. aureus, enquanto a sua forma glicosilada não, verificamos os níveis de expressão de genes relacionados à virulência e empregamos simulações de dinâmica molecular com enzimas cruciais no processo de patogênese. Além disso, Myr conferiu um grau significativo de proteção contra a infecção estafilocócica em modelo in vivo de Galleria mellonella. Outro foco deste estudo e com base em dados anteriores, o extrato de Harpochilus neesianus foi selecionado para o fracionamento bioguiado, uma vez que não há estudos fitoquímicos e de atividade biológica relatados na literatura para esta espécie. Utilizando o ensaio de proteinase e análises por MALDI-TOF, peptídeos foram identificados como os compostos bioativos, sendo então isolados por cromatografia em Sephadex G-50 e RPC18. Este estudo revela compostos derivados de plantas com um elevado potencial como protótipos antivirulência contra agentes bacterianos patogênicos e uma possível aplicação destes agentes na concepção de superfícies biomédicas anti-infectivas. / The emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains drives the search for antimicrobials possessing new modes of action, including antivirulence compounds. Despite the wide variety of molecules derived from combinatorial chemistry by the pharmaceutical industry, natural products still play a key role in the development of pharmaceuticals. The selection of plants as source of antimicrobial compounds is appropriate from the ecological standpoint, since they naturally produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that act as a chemical defense against microorganisms in the environment. In this study, we report that myricetin (Myr), a common flavonol derived from vegetables, fruits, nuts, berries and tea, can remarkably decrease the production of several Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors using different phenotypic assays. To explore the mechanism by which Myr inhibits S. aureus virulence, while its glycosylated form does not, we verified the relative expression levels of virulence related genes and employed molecular dynamics simulations with pivotal enzymes in pathogenesis process. Furthermore, Myr conferred a significant degree of protection against staphylococcal infection in Galleria mellonella in vivo model. In addition to this study and based on previous data, Harpochilus neesianus extract was selected for the bioguided fractionation, since no phytochemical studies and biological activity is reported in the literature for this species. By using proteinase assay and MALDI-TOF analyses, peptides were identified as bioactive compounds which were isolated by Sephadex G-50 and RP-C18. This study reveals plant-derived compounds with high potential as antivirulence prototypes against bacterial pathogens and a possible application of these agents in the design of anti-infective biomedical surfaces.
5

Fitocompostos capazes de inibir a adesão e outros fatores de virulência bacterianos / Plant-derived compounds able to inhibit adhesion and other bacterial virulence factors

Silva, Laura Nunes January 2016 (has links)
O surgimento de cepas bacterianas resistentes a múltiplos fármacos impulsiona a busca por agentes antimicrobianos que possuem novos mecanismos de ação, incluindo compostos antivirulência. Apesar da ampla variedade de moléculas derivadas de química combinatória produzidas pela indústria farmacêutica, produtos naturais continuam a desempenhar um papel chave no desenvolvimento de fármacos. A seleção de plantas como fonte de compostos antimicrobianos é adequada do ponto de vista ecológico, uma vez que elas naturalmente produzem uma grande variedade de metabólitos secundários que atuam como defesa química contra micro-organismos no ambiente. Neste estudo, nós relatamos que miricetina (Myr), um flavonoide comum derivado de vegetais, frutas, nozes, frutas e chá, pode diminuir a produção de vários fatores de virulência de Staphylococcus aureus utilizando diferentes ensaios fenotípicos. Para explorar o mecanismo pelo qual Myr inibe a virulência de S. aureus, enquanto a sua forma glicosilada não, verificamos os níveis de expressão de genes relacionados à virulência e empregamos simulações de dinâmica molecular com enzimas cruciais no processo de patogênese. Além disso, Myr conferiu um grau significativo de proteção contra a infecção estafilocócica em modelo in vivo de Galleria mellonella. Outro foco deste estudo e com base em dados anteriores, o extrato de Harpochilus neesianus foi selecionado para o fracionamento bioguiado, uma vez que não há estudos fitoquímicos e de atividade biológica relatados na literatura para esta espécie. Utilizando o ensaio de proteinase e análises por MALDI-TOF, peptídeos foram identificados como os compostos bioativos, sendo então isolados por cromatografia em Sephadex G-50 e RPC18. Este estudo revela compostos derivados de plantas com um elevado potencial como protótipos antivirulência contra agentes bacterianos patogênicos e uma possível aplicação destes agentes na concepção de superfícies biomédicas anti-infectivas. / The emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains drives the search for antimicrobials possessing new modes of action, including antivirulence compounds. Despite the wide variety of molecules derived from combinatorial chemistry by the pharmaceutical industry, natural products still play a key role in the development of pharmaceuticals. The selection of plants as source of antimicrobial compounds is appropriate from the ecological standpoint, since they naturally produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that act as a chemical defense against microorganisms in the environment. In this study, we report that myricetin (Myr), a common flavonol derived from vegetables, fruits, nuts, berries and tea, can remarkably decrease the production of several Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors using different phenotypic assays. To explore the mechanism by which Myr inhibits S. aureus virulence, while its glycosylated form does not, we verified the relative expression levels of virulence related genes and employed molecular dynamics simulations with pivotal enzymes in pathogenesis process. Furthermore, Myr conferred a significant degree of protection against staphylococcal infection in Galleria mellonella in vivo model. In addition to this study and based on previous data, Harpochilus neesianus extract was selected for the bioguided fractionation, since no phytochemical studies and biological activity is reported in the literature for this species. By using proteinase assay and MALDI-TOF analyses, peptides were identified as bioactive compounds which were isolated by Sephadex G-50 and RP-C18. This study reveals plant-derived compounds with high potential as antivirulence prototypes against bacterial pathogens and a possible application of these agents in the design of anti-infective biomedical surfaces.
6

??tude de la relation structure-activite de la tomatidine, un st??ro??de alcalo??de aux propri??t??s antibiotiques contre les souches persistantes de Staphylococcus aureus

Chagnon, F??lix January 2014 (has links)
L???acquisition rapide de r??sistance aux antibiotiques par Staphylococcus aureus force le milieu hospitalier dans ses derniers retranchements au niveau des traitements antibact??riens. Afin de pallier ?? ce probl??me, il est important de continuer ?? innover dans le d??veloppement de compos??s antibiotiques poss??dant des m??canismes d???action novateurs. Le groupe de Fran??ois Malouin a r??cemment d??montr?? que la tomatidine poss??de une activit?? antibact??rienne et antivirulence contre diff??rentes souches de Staphylococcus aureus, ainsi qu???un potentiel synergique avec les antibiotiques de la famille des aminoglycosides. La cible biologique et le m??canisme d???action de la tomatidine ??tant ?? ce jour inconnus, nous avons synth??tis?? une librairie de 34 analogues dans le but de comprendre la relation structure-activit?? de ce compos?? contre les souches persistantes de Staphylococcus aureus, ainsi que dans le but d???am??liorer son activit?? biologique et mieux comprendre son m??canisme d???action. En nous basant sur l???hypoth??se que le squelette st??ro??dien standard servait principalement de support pour orienter les groupements pharmacophores, nous avons concentr?? les modifications chimiques sur les pharmacophores eux-m??mes, soit ?? la fonction hydroxyle en position 3 du cycle A, mais aussi ?? la fonction spiroaminoc??tale constituant les cycles E et F de la tomatidine. Les modifications de l???hydroxyle ont ??t?? effectu??es ?? partir de la tomatidine elle-m??me. Nous avons test?? l???effet de l???inversion de configuration, de l???allylation, de l???oxydation et de la substitution par diff??rentes amines en cette position. Les modifications sur la fonction spiroaminoc??tale ont ??t?? synth??tis??es ?? partir de la tomatidine elle-m??me, mais ??galement ?? partir de l???ac??tate de pr??gn??nolone, un pr??curseur largement utilis?? en chimie st??ro??dienne. Dans le premier cas, les modifications ont consist?? ?? synth??tiser des analogues de la fonction spiroaminoc??tale bloqu??e en conformation ferm??e, ouverte ou partiellement ouverte. Dans le second cas, les modifications ont port?? sur la synth??se d???analogue de la forme ouverte de la fonction spiroaminoc??tale. Tous les produits synth??tis??s ont ??t?? envoy??s au laboratoire du Pr Fran??ois Malouin afin d?????tre test??s pour leur activit?? biologique. Les compos??s ont ??t?? test??s afin de quantifier leur activit?? biologique contre S. aureus, seul ou en synergie avec la gentamicine, et ??galement pour quantifier leur activit?? biologique contre les variantes de petite colonie de S. aureus, un ph??notype bact??rien souvent associ?? ?? des infections r??currentes et difficiles ?? traiter. Ces tests ont ??t?? effectu??s par Isabelle Guay, ??tudiante ?? la ma??trise en biologie ?? l???Universit?? de Sherbrooke. Cette ??tude a men?? ?? l?????tablissement des fondements de la relation structure-activit?? de la tomatidine envers S. aureus, ainsi qu????? la d??couverte de certains compos??s pr??sentant une activit?? biologique am??lior??e. Ce travail a permis la r??daction d???un article scientifique intitul?? ?? Unraveling the structure-activity relationship of tomatidine, a steroid alkaloid with unique antibiotic properties against persistent forms of Staphylococcus ??, soumis ?? European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry en juillet 2013, qui est pr??sent?? en ce m??moire.
7

New insights into small molecules inhibitors and protein-protein interactions of VirB8 : a critical conserved component of the type IV secretion system

Um Nlend, Ingrid 06 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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