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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modulation of the Pentylenetetrazol Discriminative Stimulus by Centrally Injected Drugs

Benjamin, Daniel E. 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
2

Anxiogenic behaviours and cognitions in parents of anxious children : effects of a guided parent-delivered treatment programme

Hill, Claire January 2014 (has links)
Parent involvement in treatment programmes for child anxiety disorders aims to change the parental behaviours and cognitions implicated in the development and maintenance of childhood anxiety disorders. However, very few studies have included parental behaviours and cognitions as outcomes, and the methodological shortcomings of those that have, preclude clear conclusions. This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive examination of change in parental behaviours and cognitions after a guided parent-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programme compared to a waitlist control. The association between change in parental behaviours and cognitions with child treatment outcome was also considered. Eighty-eight children aged 7 to 12 years old with a diagnosed anxiety disorder were randomised to either an 8-week guided parent-delivered CBT programme (n=41) or waitlist control group (n=47). None of the parents met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Observational measures of parental behaviours whilst their child completed an anxiety-provoking task were taken before and after the intervention. Parent expectations were also measured of their child's and own response in the laboratory task, as well as for hypothetical situations that were ambiguous for whether or not they presented a threat. The treatment programme was not associated with greater change in parental behaviours compared to the waitlist control. After the treatment programme there was a change in specific parental cognitions, in that parents perceived themselves and their child to have more control in hypothetical threat ambiguous situations. Change in parental behaviour and cognition was not significantly associated with child treatment outcomes. The results suggest that guided parent-delivered CBT can increase parental self-efficacy in the management of child anxiety. However, the absence of any association of treatment with other parental cognitions or behaviours questions the salience of parental change in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders.
3

Avaliação do efeito hipnótico/sedativo e ansiolítico de um extrato seco nebulizado de passiflora alata curtis (passifloraceae) / Evaluation of hypnotic/sedative and anxiolytic effects of a spray-dried extract from Passiflora alata Curtis (PASSIFLORACEAE)

Fenner, Raquel January 2006 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade e ação hipnótico/sedativa e ansiolítica de um extrato seco nebulizado de Passiflora alata (PA) (2,6 % flavonóides totais), administrado pela via oral, nos testes de potenciação do sono barbitúrico, locomoção espontânea, coordenação motora, indução de catatonia, labirinto em cruz elevado, convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol e temperatura corporal. PA foi administrado agudamente nas doses de 300, 600 e 900 mg/kg e por 14 dias, 300 mg/kg. Para avaliação da toxicidade aguda, foram empregadas doses de 600 a 4800 mg/kg. A genotoxicidade foi avaliada em camundongos (150, 300 e 600 mg/kg), pelo ensaio cometa alcalino. PA 300 mg/kg reduziu a latência e potenciou o tempo de sono barbitúrico. Em nenhuma das doses testadas, PA causou redução na locomoção espontânea, efeito catatônico ou prejuízos no desempenho em aparelho de rota-rod. O extrato (300 e 600 mg/kg) apresentou efeito hipotérmico. A administração aguda de PA não foi ativa no labirinto em cruz elevado e a administração repetida (300 mg/kg) provocou efeito ansiogênico. A administração aguda (300 e 600 mg/kg) ou repetida (300 mg/kg) de PA não alterou o número e a severidade das convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol. Na avaliação da toxicidade aguda, não ocorreram mortes até a dose de 4800 mg/kg. Ratos tratados repetidamente com PA não apresentaram alterações significativas em parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e histopatológicos, mas apresentaram sinais de irritabilidade e não mostraram ganho de massa corporal. A administração aguda de PA provocou danos no DNA (classe 4), determinados pelo ensaio cometa, em células do cérebro, fígado e sangue periférico. Os resultados obtidos para o extrato demonstram que PA administrado agudamente apresenta efeito hipnótico desprovido de efeito ansiolítico, sedativo ou comprometimento das funções motoras. Estes resultados podem explicar o efeito relatado pela população como agente indutor de sono, mas não apóiam o uso popular como calmante. Pelo contrário, o efeito ansiogênico e a toxicidade genética observados determinam à necessidade de cautela e a realização de mais estudos para a utilização de P. alata como matériaprima para a produção de medicamentos. / The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicity and hypnotic/secative and anxiolytic effects of an aqueous spray-dried extract of P. alata (PA) (2.6% flavonoids), administrated by oral route, on barbiturate sleeping time, spontaneous locomotion, motor coordination, catalepsy induction, elevated plus-maze, pentilenotetrazole-induced convulsions and body temperature tests. In the acute treatment the doses ranged from 300 to 900 mg/kg; 300 mg/kg was used as repeated treatment. Genotoxicity was evaluated by ex vivo alkaline comet assay in mice (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg). PA 300 mg/kg decreased the latency and increased the barbiturate sleeping time. None of the tested doses of PA reduced spontaneous locomotion, induced catalepsy or performance deficit in rota-rod apparatus. Hypothermic effect was observed after administrating PA 300 and 600 mg/kg. The acute administration was not active on elevated plus-maze while repeated treatment (300 mg/kg) showed anxiogenic effect in this test. The acute (300 and 600 mg/kg) or repeated (300 mg/kg) administration of PA did not modify the number and severity of pentilenotetrazole-induced convulsions. In acute toxicity evaluation, mice deaths were not observed up to 4800 mg/kg. Rats repeatedly treated with aqueous extract did not present biochemical, hematological or histopathological significant alterations. However, the animals showed signs of irritability and did not increase body weight. In addition, mice acutely treated with PA presented DNA damage (class 4) determined by alkaline comet assay in brain, liver and peripheral blood cells. In conclusion, PA acute administration provokes hypnotic effect, destitute of anxiolytic and sedative effects and without concerning to motor functions. These results could explain the popular use as agent sleeping inductive, but they do not support the popular use, or commercialization, as tranquilizer/anxiolytic. On the contrary, the observed anxiogenic effect and genotoxicity request prudence and more studies in order to assure the efficacy and safety of utilization of P. alata with medicinal purposes.
4

Avaliação do efeito hipnótico/sedativo e ansiolítico de um extrato seco nebulizado de passiflora alata curtis (passifloraceae) / Evaluation of hypnotic/sedative and anxiolytic effects of a spray-dried extract from Passiflora alata Curtis (PASSIFLORACEAE)

Fenner, Raquel January 2006 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade e ação hipnótico/sedativa e ansiolítica de um extrato seco nebulizado de Passiflora alata (PA) (2,6 % flavonóides totais), administrado pela via oral, nos testes de potenciação do sono barbitúrico, locomoção espontânea, coordenação motora, indução de catatonia, labirinto em cruz elevado, convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol e temperatura corporal. PA foi administrado agudamente nas doses de 300, 600 e 900 mg/kg e por 14 dias, 300 mg/kg. Para avaliação da toxicidade aguda, foram empregadas doses de 600 a 4800 mg/kg. A genotoxicidade foi avaliada em camundongos (150, 300 e 600 mg/kg), pelo ensaio cometa alcalino. PA 300 mg/kg reduziu a latência e potenciou o tempo de sono barbitúrico. Em nenhuma das doses testadas, PA causou redução na locomoção espontânea, efeito catatônico ou prejuízos no desempenho em aparelho de rota-rod. O extrato (300 e 600 mg/kg) apresentou efeito hipotérmico. A administração aguda de PA não foi ativa no labirinto em cruz elevado e a administração repetida (300 mg/kg) provocou efeito ansiogênico. A administração aguda (300 e 600 mg/kg) ou repetida (300 mg/kg) de PA não alterou o número e a severidade das convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol. Na avaliação da toxicidade aguda, não ocorreram mortes até a dose de 4800 mg/kg. Ratos tratados repetidamente com PA não apresentaram alterações significativas em parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e histopatológicos, mas apresentaram sinais de irritabilidade e não mostraram ganho de massa corporal. A administração aguda de PA provocou danos no DNA (classe 4), determinados pelo ensaio cometa, em células do cérebro, fígado e sangue periférico. Os resultados obtidos para o extrato demonstram que PA administrado agudamente apresenta efeito hipnótico desprovido de efeito ansiolítico, sedativo ou comprometimento das funções motoras. Estes resultados podem explicar o efeito relatado pela população como agente indutor de sono, mas não apóiam o uso popular como calmante. Pelo contrário, o efeito ansiogênico e a toxicidade genética observados determinam à necessidade de cautela e a realização de mais estudos para a utilização de P. alata como matériaprima para a produção de medicamentos. / The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicity and hypnotic/secative and anxiolytic effects of an aqueous spray-dried extract of P. alata (PA) (2.6% flavonoids), administrated by oral route, on barbiturate sleeping time, spontaneous locomotion, motor coordination, catalepsy induction, elevated plus-maze, pentilenotetrazole-induced convulsions and body temperature tests. In the acute treatment the doses ranged from 300 to 900 mg/kg; 300 mg/kg was used as repeated treatment. Genotoxicity was evaluated by ex vivo alkaline comet assay in mice (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg). PA 300 mg/kg decreased the latency and increased the barbiturate sleeping time. None of the tested doses of PA reduced spontaneous locomotion, induced catalepsy or performance deficit in rota-rod apparatus. Hypothermic effect was observed after administrating PA 300 and 600 mg/kg. The acute administration was not active on elevated plus-maze while repeated treatment (300 mg/kg) showed anxiogenic effect in this test. The acute (300 and 600 mg/kg) or repeated (300 mg/kg) administration of PA did not modify the number and severity of pentilenotetrazole-induced convulsions. In acute toxicity evaluation, mice deaths were not observed up to 4800 mg/kg. Rats repeatedly treated with aqueous extract did not present biochemical, hematological or histopathological significant alterations. However, the animals showed signs of irritability and did not increase body weight. In addition, mice acutely treated with PA presented DNA damage (class 4) determined by alkaline comet assay in brain, liver and peripheral blood cells. In conclusion, PA acute administration provokes hypnotic effect, destitute of anxiolytic and sedative effects and without concerning to motor functions. These results could explain the popular use as agent sleeping inductive, but they do not support the popular use, or commercialization, as tranquilizer/anxiolytic. On the contrary, the observed anxiogenic effect and genotoxicity request prudence and more studies in order to assure the efficacy and safety of utilization of P. alata with medicinal purposes.
5

Avaliação do efeito hipnótico/sedativo e ansiolítico de um extrato seco nebulizado de passiflora alata curtis (passifloraceae) / Evaluation of hypnotic/sedative and anxiolytic effects of a spray-dried extract from Passiflora alata Curtis (PASSIFLORACEAE)

Fenner, Raquel January 2006 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade e ação hipnótico/sedativa e ansiolítica de um extrato seco nebulizado de Passiflora alata (PA) (2,6 % flavonóides totais), administrado pela via oral, nos testes de potenciação do sono barbitúrico, locomoção espontânea, coordenação motora, indução de catatonia, labirinto em cruz elevado, convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol e temperatura corporal. PA foi administrado agudamente nas doses de 300, 600 e 900 mg/kg e por 14 dias, 300 mg/kg. Para avaliação da toxicidade aguda, foram empregadas doses de 600 a 4800 mg/kg. A genotoxicidade foi avaliada em camundongos (150, 300 e 600 mg/kg), pelo ensaio cometa alcalino. PA 300 mg/kg reduziu a latência e potenciou o tempo de sono barbitúrico. Em nenhuma das doses testadas, PA causou redução na locomoção espontânea, efeito catatônico ou prejuízos no desempenho em aparelho de rota-rod. O extrato (300 e 600 mg/kg) apresentou efeito hipotérmico. A administração aguda de PA não foi ativa no labirinto em cruz elevado e a administração repetida (300 mg/kg) provocou efeito ansiogênico. A administração aguda (300 e 600 mg/kg) ou repetida (300 mg/kg) de PA não alterou o número e a severidade das convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol. Na avaliação da toxicidade aguda, não ocorreram mortes até a dose de 4800 mg/kg. Ratos tratados repetidamente com PA não apresentaram alterações significativas em parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e histopatológicos, mas apresentaram sinais de irritabilidade e não mostraram ganho de massa corporal. A administração aguda de PA provocou danos no DNA (classe 4), determinados pelo ensaio cometa, em células do cérebro, fígado e sangue periférico. Os resultados obtidos para o extrato demonstram que PA administrado agudamente apresenta efeito hipnótico desprovido de efeito ansiolítico, sedativo ou comprometimento das funções motoras. Estes resultados podem explicar o efeito relatado pela população como agente indutor de sono, mas não apóiam o uso popular como calmante. Pelo contrário, o efeito ansiogênico e a toxicidade genética observados determinam à necessidade de cautela e a realização de mais estudos para a utilização de P. alata como matériaprima para a produção de medicamentos. / The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicity and hypnotic/secative and anxiolytic effects of an aqueous spray-dried extract of P. alata (PA) (2.6% flavonoids), administrated by oral route, on barbiturate sleeping time, spontaneous locomotion, motor coordination, catalepsy induction, elevated plus-maze, pentilenotetrazole-induced convulsions and body temperature tests. In the acute treatment the doses ranged from 300 to 900 mg/kg; 300 mg/kg was used as repeated treatment. Genotoxicity was evaluated by ex vivo alkaline comet assay in mice (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg). PA 300 mg/kg decreased the latency and increased the barbiturate sleeping time. None of the tested doses of PA reduced spontaneous locomotion, induced catalepsy or performance deficit in rota-rod apparatus. Hypothermic effect was observed after administrating PA 300 and 600 mg/kg. The acute administration was not active on elevated plus-maze while repeated treatment (300 mg/kg) showed anxiogenic effect in this test. The acute (300 and 600 mg/kg) or repeated (300 mg/kg) administration of PA did not modify the number and severity of pentilenotetrazole-induced convulsions. In acute toxicity evaluation, mice deaths were not observed up to 4800 mg/kg. Rats repeatedly treated with aqueous extract did not present biochemical, hematological or histopathological significant alterations. However, the animals showed signs of irritability and did not increase body weight. In addition, mice acutely treated with PA presented DNA damage (class 4) determined by alkaline comet assay in brain, liver and peripheral blood cells. In conclusion, PA acute administration provokes hypnotic effect, destitute of anxiolytic and sedative effects and without concerning to motor functions. These results could explain the popular use as agent sleeping inductive, but they do not support the popular use, or commercialization, as tranquilizer/anxiolytic. On the contrary, the observed anxiogenic effect and genotoxicity request prudence and more studies in order to assure the efficacy and safety of utilization of P. alata with medicinal purposes.
6

Study of the interaction between 3,4 methylenedioximethamphetamine and the endocannabinoid system

Touriño Raposo, Clara 17 February 2009 (has links)
La 3,4-metilendioximetamfetamina (MDMA, èxtasi) i el cannabis són dues drogues les quals es consumeixen conjuntament de manera habitual. Malgrat que tots dos compostos presenten propietats reforçant i potencial addictiu, també tenen propietats farmacològiques oposades. La MDMA es una droga psicoestimulant, la qual causa hiperlocomoció, hipertèrmia, resposted de tipus asiogènic i neurotoxicitat. Per altra banda el Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), principal compost psicoactiu del cannabis, posseeix efectes relaxants, hipolocomotors, hipotèrmics i neuroprotectors. Els efectes de la MDMA i el THC al sistema nerviós central es troben mediats per dos mecanismes notablement diferents. La MDMA augmenta els nivells extracel·lulars de dopamina i serotonina, mentre que el THC produeix l'activació del receptor cannabinoide CB1. Cal destacar a més que les interaccions entre els sistemes monoaminèrgic i endocannabinoide s'observa de manera freqüent en l'organisme.En el present estudi hem explorat la implicació del sistema endocannabinoide i la MDMA en diversos aspectes. Per una banda el receptor cannabinoide CB1 juga un important paper en els efectes hiperlocomotors i hipertèrmics, i en les respostes de tipus ansiogènic produïdes per la MDMA. Curiosament, encara que el receptor CB1 no participa en els efectes recompensants primaris de la MDMA, és imprescindible per que tinguin lloc els seus efectes reforçants. Així mateix, l'alliberació de serotonina per part de la MDMA redueix de manera dosi-depenent la simptomatologia física causada pel síndrome d'abstinència a cannabinoides precipitada per un antagonista del receptor CB1. Finalment, el tractament amb THC era capaç de prevenir la hipertèrmia, activació glial, estrès oxidatiu i pèrdua de terminals causada per la MDMA. Com a conseqüència el THC exerceix un efecte neuroprotector contra la neurotoxicitat induïda per la MDMA. / 3,4-methylenedioximethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) and cannabis are two drugs frequently consumed in combination. Despite both compounds have rewarding properties and abuse liability, they show opposite pharmacological properties. On the one hand, MDMA is a psychostimulant drug with hyperlocomotor, hyperthermic, anxiogenic-like and neurotoxic effects. On the other hand, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound of cannabis, has relaxant, hypolocomotor, hypothermic and neuroprotective properties. The effects of MDMA and THC in the central nervous system are mediated by two different mechanisms. MDMA enhances the extracellular levels of dopamine and serotonin, whereas THC activates the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. Likewise, interactions between the monoaminergic and the endogenous cannabinoid system have been frequently observed.In the current study, we explored the involvement of CB1 cannabinoid receptor on the hyperlocomotor, hyperthermic, anxiogenic-like, rewarding and reinforcing effects of MDMA. We also studied the effect of acute and chronic administration of MDMA on rimonabant-precipitated THC withdrawal syndrome. Furthermore, we explored the neuroprotective effects of THC on MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.As a result of this study we may conclude that endocannabinoid system and MDMA interact in a wide variety of aspects. CB1 receptor plays an important role on the hyperlocomotor, hyperthermic, and anxiogenic-like effects of MDMA. Interestingly, CB1 receptor is essential for the reinforcing but not the primary rewarding properties of MDMA. In addition, the release of serotonin by MDMA dose-dependently reduced the severity of THC withdrawal syndrome triggered by a CB1 antagonist. Finally, pretreatment with THC prevented the hyperthermia, glial activation, oxidative stress and terminal loss caused by MDMA. Consequently, THC exerts a neuroprotective effect against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.

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