Passive source localization is the estimation of the positions of the sources or emitters given the sensor data. In this thesis, some of the well known methods for passive source localization are investigated and compared in a stationary emitter sensor framework. These algorithms are discussed in detail in two and three dimensions for both single and multiple target cases. Passive source localization methods can be divided into two groups as two-step algorithms and single-step algorithms. Angle-of-Arrival (AOA) based Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Least Squares (LS) source localization algorithms, Time- Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA) based ML and LS methods, AOA-TDOA based hybrid ML methods are presented as conventional two step techniques. Direct Position Determination (DPD) method is a well known technique within the single step approaches. In thesis, a number of variants of DPD technique with better computational complexity (the proposed methods do not need eigen-decomposition in the grid search) are presented. These are the Direct Localization (DL) with Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), DL with Deterministic ML (DML) and DL with Stochastic ML (SML) methods. The evaluation of these algorithms is done by considering the Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). Some of the CRLB expressions given in two dimensions in the literature are presented for threedimensions. Extensive simulations are done and the effects of different parameters on the performances of the methods are investigated. It is shown that the performance of the single step algorithms is good even at low SNR. DL with MUSIC algorithm performs as good as the DPD while it has significant savings in computational complexity. AOA, TDOA and hybrid algorithms are compared in different scenarios. It is shown that the improvement achieved by single-step techniques may be acceptable when the system cost and complexity are ignored. The localization algorithms are compared for the multiple target case as well. The effect of sensor deployments on the location performance is investigated.

Innomhuspositioneringssystem kan med fördel användas i många olika tillämpningar, allt från sjukhus till shoppingcenter. Denna rapport behandlar olika tekniker och lösningar för att designa ett positioneringssystem. Rapporten tar även upp i detalj hur ett system kan konstrueras av ZigBee kombinerat med dödräkning.

This thesis´ aim is to analyse the extension of the fuctionally separate entity approach  (FSEA) used in order to attribute a proper amount of profit to banks´ permanet establishment (PE) and the related implication in the authorised OECD approach (AOA). From a general perspective in fact, under the FSEA a PE is treated as being a separate entity from the head office, functions, assets, risks and funding shall be attributed as it was a separate legal entity. However, beyond the previous statement some general limitation of the FSEA and the particular nature of bank (and in general financial institutions) require a further reflection. Practically speaking: how far is the extension of this functional separate entity approach? Is it treatable as a complete separate company by itself? If not, how far is from the economic reality of the company? After a fisrt descriptive part, the author analysis the hybrid nature of the FSEA: acoording with his view traces of single entity approach are founded. However the hybrid nature of the FSEA is not per se a limitation but shall be considered as strength: the OECD´s approach grants a certain degree of flexibility and ability to adapt based on the context that on the other hand would have let the FSEA and the AOA be even more complicate.

No description available.

The first half of the Masters thesis is the result of a survey made on the behalf of the Swedish company KORDAB International AB. The survey includes an overview of different positioning systems and some wireless communication techniques available on the market today. Positioning systems discussed are GPS, DGPS, AGPS and GSM positioning. Mobile Internet connections through mobile phones and communication through radio modems are mentioned and described as examples of wireless communication techniques. Examples of techniques described are HSCSD, GPRS, UMTS and MOBITEX. KORDAB is in the starting blocks to implement a real time positioning feature into their own technical information system GEOSECMA. This survey will give them a base which will help them to decide on which system to use for this feature. The second half of the thesis includes parts concerning a prototype made to exemplify how KORDAB could implement the real time positioning feature into GEOSECMA. The NMEA 0183 protocol, reference systems and transformation are described to give the necessary background knowledge for the construction and functionality of the prototype. The prototype is a GPS-communicator made as an interface between a GPS-receiver and GEOSECMA and its functionality is also described in this second half of the thesis. Feasible applications are also discussed to show the possibilities real time positioning gives. One application discussed is “Zoom and Auto highlighting”. This application is designed to help user of GEOSECMA to zoom in the map and highlighting the nearest object at current location.

<p>The first half of the Masters thesis is the result of a survey made on the behalf of the Swedish company KORDAB International AB. The survey includes an overview of different positioning systems and some wireless communication techniques available on the market today. Positioning systems discussed are GPS, DGPS, AGPS and GSM positioning. Mobile Internet connections through mobile phones and communication through radio modems are mentioned and described as examples of wireless communication techniques. Examples of techniques described are HSCSD, GPRS, UMTS and MOBITEX. KORDAB is in the starting blocks to implement a real time positioning feature into their own technical information system GEOSECMA. This survey will give them a base which will help them to decide on which system to use for this feature. </p><p>The second half of the thesis includes parts concerning a prototype made to exemplify how KORDAB could implement the real time positioning feature into GEOSECMA. The NMEA 0183 protocol, reference systems and transformation are described to give the necessary background knowledge for the construction and functionality of the prototype. The prototype is a GPS-communicator made as an interface between a GPS-receiver and GEOSECMA and its functionality is also described in this second half of the thesis. Feasible applications are also discussed to show the possibilities real time positioning gives. One application discussed is “Zoom and Auto highlighting”. This application is designed to help user of GEOSECMA to zoom in the map and highlighting the nearest object at current location.</p>

No description available.

Magister Legum - LLM

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

The aim of this work was to create a module for home automation tools Home Assistant. The module is able to determine  which room is inhabited and estimate more accurate position of people inside the room. Known GPS location cannot be used for this purpose because it is inaccurate inside buildings and therefore one of the indoor location techniques needs to be used. Solution based on Bluetooth Low Energy wireless technology was chosen. The localization technique is the fingerprinting method, which is based on estimating the position according to the signal strength at any point in space, which are compared with a database of these points using machine learning. The system can be supplemented with motion sensors that ensure a quick response when entering the room. This system can be deployed within a house, apartment or small to medium-sized company to determine the position of people in the building and can serve as a very powerful element of home automation.