The purpose of my thesis is to describe unit owners association as a subject of law in the Czech Republic. It focuses on analysis of the most significant problems of the current legal regulation in the Act No. 72/1994 Coll., on apartment ownership. It also concurrently reflects the legislation in the new civil code, in which is the apartment ownership incorporated. The subject of thesis was selected because of its actuality in the professional literature and in the daily life. The issue of the unit owners association affects more and more inhabitants because of its mandatory membership and increasing amount of apartment owners. This dissertation consists of six individual chapters. Each chapter looks at the basic principles of the unit owners association and contains subchapter reflecting legal regulation in the new civil code. The first chapter concentrates on the legal regulation of the unit owners association. It looks at the most significant changes in the apartment ownership legislation, which have constituted unit owners association as a legal person. It also includes basic analysis and classification of amendment to apartment owners legislation in the new civil code. The second chapter looks at the legal status of unit owners association. It describes its characteristics as a person of law,...

The diploma thesis is focused on the apartment lease termination. The goal of the thesis is to analyse legislation of the ways of apartment lease termination which are the most important in practice. Specifically it includes an agreement, an expiry of the period, a notice and a death of a lessee. Another goal of the thesis is to identify and aim at shortcomings of the current legislation and also to propose their suitable solutions. The thesis consists of introduction, three parts and conclusion. It draws information from legal regulations, legal literature, case law and other. The first part of the thesis deals with general characteristics of apartment lease and its termination. The legislation, basic features of apartment lease and its termination are described there and also the classification of the ways of apartment lease termination is done there. The second part of the thesis describes the ways of apartment lease termination except notice. At first the attention is concentrated on an agreement about apartment lease termination, mainly its form and consequences followed from a breach of the form. Then the thesis is focused on apartment lease termination by expiry of the period and also on renewal of lease which relates to it. Subsequently problems of a death of the lessee and the passage of...

Unit owners association as a subject of law (A comparative study of the new civil code bill) The purpose of my thesis is to analyse current legislation regarding apartment ownership which incorporates provisions regarding unit owners associations and compare it with the new Civil Code bill which will incorporate these provisions in the future. The methodology is primarily critical analysis. I explain the main problem by way of practical examples. The reason for choosing this subject of research is its topicality and the large numbers of people who live in apartments in the Czech Republic who are required to be members of unit owners associations. The thesis is composed of six chapters, five of which deal with various elements of the provisions regarding unit owner associations. Following these chapters, I look at the new Civil Code bill. The final chapter describes some provisions which apply outside the Czech Republic. Chapter One explains the legal status of unit owners associations as a legal entity and their characteristics. The chapter is subdivided into three main parts. Part One deals with the extent of the association's legal capacity. Part Two describes who represents the association and Part Three concerns the register of unit owners associations. Chapter Two describes the creation and...

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This master´s thesis deals with the issue of purchase of the apartment from the perspective of an investor. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the possible variants of purchase of the apartment, while the main attention is focused on a comparison of the acquisition of an existing apartment, which requires reconstruction, and on the possibility of the construction of a new apartment in the form of loft conversion or superstructure. Possible variants of the solution are discussed in a broader context in order to determine the optimal variant for the investor.

Partindo-se da hipótese da necessidade de haver uma relação entre o atual projeto de moradia e os hábitos domésticos contemporâneos, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o projeto de espaços habitáveis de apartamentos em São Paulo, avaliando-se a compatibilidade entre sua configuração tipológica e as transformações do uso da habitação, ocorridas nas últimas décadas do século 20 – aqui observadas a dinâmica e contínua alteração tipológica dos arranjos familiares e a invasão de novas tecnologias ao espaço doméstico. Constituindo-se uma tentativa de colaboração para o repensar do habitar metropolitano contemporâneo, esta dissertação está estruturada em quatro capítulos. O primeiro constitui-se de uma ambientação histórica do processo de modernização da indústria brasileira, englobando o início da cultura de habitar apartamentos na cidade de São Paulo, até a cristalização desse hábito, nas últimas décadas do século 20. Estabelece-se aí um paralelo entre a relação do usuário com sua moradia e a introdução de progressos tecnológicos no cotidiano doméstico. No segundo capítulo visitam-se as transformações dos modos de vida contemporâneos, dadas em função tanto das mudanças dos grupos domésticos, as quais passaram a alterar o conceito tradicional de família nuclear, quanto da invasão de novas tecnologias ao ambiente doméstico. O terceiro capítulo – etapa essencial deste trabalho – constitui-se do estudo de plantas de apartamentos de dois dormitórios lançados na Região Metroplitana de São Paulo nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 e do estudo de caso de apartamentos de dois dormitórios de um edifício situado na cidade de São Paulo, com a análise dos espaços habitados e dos diversos usos a eles atribuídos. Partindo-se do quarto capítulo, no qual se estabelecem reflexões sobre novas tendências de desenhos para o modelo do espaço habitável, este voltado à contemporaneidade urbana, estabelecem-se duas constatações básicas: Por um lado, diante das transformações dos grupos domésticos e do largo uso de novos aparatos tecnológicos no espaço da habitação, a produção de apartamentos do final do século 20 apresenta-se em descompasso com a diversidade dos novos modos de morar adquiridos, caracterizando-se por certa morosidade quanto ao surgimento de novas propostas que contemplem a variedade de perfis dos atuais grupos de usuários urbanos. Por outro lado, é definida como apenas relativa a contemporaneidade identificada no uso dos apartamentos, uma vez que antigas tradições ainda permanecem na produção do ambiente doméstico, não tendo sido totalmente substituídas pelos novos modos de viver contemporâneos. / Based on the hypothesis that there should be a close relation between today’s private-home design and the current habits of people living in those homes, this work sets out to investigate the design of the living space of apartments in São Paulo, Brazil. The objective is to analyze how well this design has kept up with changing lifestyles during the last decades of the 20th century, in especial shifting family arrangements and the permeation of new technologies in the home. This work intents to contribute towards a new assessment of contemporary metropolitan living and is divided into four chapters. The first presents a background of the modernization process of Brazilian industry, covering from the inception of apartment life in São Paulo to its widespread acceptance. This part also draws a parallel between this process and the user-home relationship, in light of the introduction of the first technological gadgets in everyday home living. The second chapter shows today’s changing ways of living, brought by both emerging demographic patterns, which have dramatically changed the conventional nuclear family, and the flood of new technologies in the domestic environment. The third chapter – an essential part of this work – analyzes floor plans of two-bedroom apartments launched in São Paulo during the 80s and 90s. It also includes a case study of two-bedroom apartments of a São Paulo building, with an examination of their living spaces and the use attributed thereto. The fourth chapter brings some reflections on current ideas on the reconfiguring domestic landscape and arrives at two basic conclusions. On the one hand, in light of shifting family patterns and the permeation of technological appliances in the domestic space, it can be said that there is a clear gap between apartments produced in the late 20th century and the new lifestyles incorporated by the users of such homes. Scarce new proposals have addressed the multiple facets of today’s metropolitan apartment dwellers. On the other hand, the use given to these apartments can be considered only relatively contemporary, since ingrained traditions are still quite present in the living space and have not been fully replaced by contemporary lifestyles.

by David Luke Cronin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-156). / Investigation into The Dynamics of Waste Air Dispersal from High-Rise Residences --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Contents --- p.iv / List of Illustrations --- p.viii / Preface / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- The Development of Building Technology in Response to the Forces of Wind and Water --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Roman concrete --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Requirement for a stronger mortar --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Discovery of an improved mortar --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2. --- Development of Wind Engineering --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3. --- Computational Wind Engineering --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4. --- Development of Building Regulations concerning Ventilation and Light in Hong Kong --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- First building regulations --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2. --- Chadwick's enquiry --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.3. --- First requirement for windows in rooms --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.4. --- Public Health Ordinance --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.5. --- Building Ordinance --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.6. --- Plot ratio regulations and natural ventilation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5. --- Plot Ratio and Site Coverage --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Gross Floor Area (GFA) --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Cruciform tower --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.3. --- Re-entrant --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6. --- Summary --- p.35 / Chapter 2. --- VENTILATION OF RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS AND THE REMOVAL OF AIRBORNE WASTES --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1. --- High-rise Buildings in Hong Kong and Ventilation --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2. --- "Climatic Conditions in Hong Kong, and the Requirement for Air-conditioning" --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3. --- Typical Practice in Hong Kong High-rises --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4. --- Source Ventilation --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5. --- Traditional Recommendations for a Tropical Climate --- p.42 / Chapter 2.6. --- Building Regulations Concerning Ventilation of Residences --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6.1. --- Hong Kong Government building regulations --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6.2. --- UK building regulations --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.3. --- US building regulations --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7. --- Summary --- p.47 / Chapter 3. --- MODELLING OF WIND FLOW AROUND BUILDINGS --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1. --- Summary of CFD Methods for Air Flow around Buildings --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Validation of the k-ε model for wind pressures on buildings --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2. --- Atmospheric Boundary Layer --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3. --- Use of Wind Tunnels to Predict Wind Effects on Tall Buildings --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Local wind climate --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Pressure study --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Aeroelastic study --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- Wind environment study --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4. --- Architectural Aerodynamics --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Reynolds number --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Pressure coefficient --- p.56 / Chapter 4. --- PREDICTION OF OUTDOOR POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1. --- Computer Modelling of Pollution Dispersion --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2. --- Exhaust Dispersion from Buildings - Distance Dilution Model --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Wall exhaust discharges in residential ventilation --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Acceptable levels of kitchen exhaust in the outside air --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Distance dilution model with corrections for building size --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3. --- Gaussian Plume Model --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4. --- Wind Tunnel Models of Pollution Dispersion in a Built-up Area --- p.65 / Chapter 5. --- INDOOR AIR QUALITY - COOKING FUMES --- p.67 / Chapter 5.1. --- Local Exhaust Ventilation and Efficiency of Pollutant Capture --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2. --- Indoor Pollution due to Cooking Stove Smoke --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3. --- Cooking Oil Detected in Hong Kong Air --- p.69 / Chapter 6. --- THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: RELEVANT ASPECTS OF CFD USED IN THIS STUDY --- p.71 / Chapter 6.1. --- Mathematical Model --- p.71 / Chapter 6.2. --- Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations --- p.71 / Chapter 6.3. --- SIMPLE method --- p.74 / Chapter 6.4. --- Wall Shear Stress Calculations --- p.75 / Chapter 6.5. --- Wall Boundary Conditions for k and ε --- p.77 / Chapter 6.6. --- Species Calculations --- p.77 / Chapter 6.7. --- Thermal Transfer --- p.78 / Chapter 6.8. --- Grid System and Boundary Conditions --- p.81 / Chapter 6.8.1. --- Geometry and grid --- p.81 / Chapter 6.8.2. --- Boundary conditions --- p.85 / Chapter 6.9. --- Natural Convection Flows --- p.85 / Chapter 7. --- MODELLING PROCEDURE --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1. --- Dispersal of Exhaust Air from Kitchens --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1.1. --- Kitchen range hood exhaust rates --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1.2. --- Exhaust air release rates modelled --- p.88 / Chapter 7.1.3. --- Initial approximation of dilution in the re-entrant --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2. --- Modelling of Waste Heat Dispersal from Air-conditioning Units --- p.90 / Chapter 7.2.1. --- Typical air-conditioner energy figures --- p.90 / Chapter 7.2.2. --- Representation of condenser heat in a CFD model --- p.92 / Chapter 7.2.3. --- Approximation of temperature increase --- p.94 / Chapter 7.3. --- Representation of the High-rise Tower --- p.94 / Chapter 7.4. --- Power-law Profile: Increasing Wind Speed with Height --- p.95 / Chapter 7.5. --- Wind Tunnel Verification --- p.97 / Chapter 7.5.1. --- Wind velocities and pressures --- p.97 / Chapter 7.5.2. --- Wind tunnel prediction of contaminant dilution --- p.98 / Chapter 7.6. --- Summary of Simulations --- p.99 / Chapter 7.6.1. --- Kitchen exhaust air dispersal --- p.100 / Chapter 7.6.2. --- Air-conditioner waste heat dispersal --- p.100 / Chapter 8. --- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS --- p.102 / Chapter 8.1. --- Wind Patterns in the Re-entrant --- p.103 / Chapter 8.1.1. --- Wind into re-entrant --- p.104 / Chapter 8.1.2. --- Wind at 90° to the re-entrant --- p.104 / Chapter 8.1.3. --- Re-entrant on the leeward side of the building --- p.105 / Chapter 8.2. --- Exhaust Air Concentration --- p.112 / Chapter 8.2.1. --- Wind into re-entrant --- p.113 / Chapter 8.2.2. --- Wind at 90° to the re-entrant --- p.113 / Chapter 8.2.3. --- Re-entrant on the leeward side --- p.114 / Chapter 8.3. --- Temperature Increase in the Re-entrant --- p.121 / Chapter 8.3.1. --- Wind into the re-entrant --- p.122 / Chapter 8.3.2. --- Wind at 90° to the re-entrant --- p.123 / Chapter 8.3.3. --- Re-entrant on leeward side --- p.123 / Chapter 8.4. --- Summary of Findings --- p.130 / Chapter 9. --- NATURAL CONVECTION MODELLING --- p.132 / Chapter 10. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.136 / Chapter 10.1. --- Waste Air --- p.136 / Chapter 10.2. --- Waste Heat --- p.138 / Chapter 10.3. --- Implications --- p.139 / Chapter 10.4. --- Suggestions --- p.140 / APPENDIX A: SIMULATION CASE DEFINITIONS / Chapter A.1 --- Definitions used for all simulations --- p.142 / Chapter A.1.1 --- Boundary Conditions used in all simulations --- p.145 / Chapter A. 1.2 --- Equations used in all simulations --- p.145 / Chapter A.2 --- Simulation of Wind Flow around the Building --- p.145 / Chapter A.3 --- Air-conditioner Waste Heat Dispersal Simulations --- p.146 / Chapter A.1.1 --- Additional boundary conditions used to represent air-conditioners --- p.146 / Chapter A. 1.2 --- Additional equations used --- p.146 / Chapter A.4 --- Exhaust Air Dispersal from Kitchens --- p.147 / Chapter A.1.1 --- Additional boundary conditions used to represent air-conditioners --- p.147 / Chapter A. 1.2 --- Additional equations used --- p.147 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.149 / Books --- p.148 / Papers --- p.149 / Other Sources --- p.152 / Notes --- p.153

Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Jin Kyoon Kim. / M.Arch.

The aim of the thesis is to identify an apartment product and its potential in comparison to the hotel industry within Prague market of accommodation. Focus is given to a special form of apartments -- serviced apartments. First part examines theoretical features. Important is discussion about the standardization and categorization of apartments on the market of accommodation facilities. This is later consulted with foreign experience. The main part includes SWOT analysis of accommodation products, price comparison and questionnaire. Based on mentioned analysis and evaluation of the development of Prague accommodation demand can be stated potential of this "new" product.

This thesis aims to investigate the relationship between the provision of spatial order and perceived sense of community in high-rise housing developments in Korea from a socio-spatial and architectural perspective. It also considers relationships between the perception of neighbourhood, provision of facilities, design aspects, and socio-economic characteristics and sense of community. The study uses a questionnaire survey as the main research instrument conducted across four case studies in Bundang new town, in metropolitan Seoul, Korea. Two of the cases were selected as having a high provision of spatial order and the other two low provision according to the concepts of Altman (1975) and Newman (1972, 1975). Quantitative analysis is carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney test and Spearman???s rank correlation to identify differences and correlations between cases. The results indicate that there is no clear evidence that a sense of community has a direct relationship with the provision of spatial order in the selected cases. However, in the high provision cases outdoor common spaces appear to have a role in contributing to social interaction. Among Buckner???s (1988) three sub-variables of his concept of neighbourhood cohesion, ???neighbouring??? appears to be more associated with the provision of spatial order rather than ???attraction-to-neighbourhood??? or ???psychological sense of community.??? A greater number of opportunities for social interactions occur in an intermediate space located between private dwelling units and public open space in cases with a high provision of spatial order. However, this is likely to be due to the location of shared facilities and their frequency of use. In terms of the relationship between design and a sense of community, ???landscaping??? was found to be the most important variable, followed by the ???design of streets/footpath??? and ???facilities for children???, ???parking???, and ???recreational activities???. Despite the lack of a clear relationship between design and a sense of community, a strong demand was found for improved outdoor amenity and greater provision of facilities. Socio-economic status appears not to be a significant factor directly influencing the sense of community however, age and the existence of children are associated with the perception of neighbourhood.