The aim of this dissertation is to examine empirically what Evidence-based practice (EBP) and its standardized procedures become when put into practice in social work. EBP builds on the idea that professional practice should be based on systematic and reliable knowledge of the interventions and instruments used in this work. This implies a standardization of both research and practice that has been highly contested. Inspired by works within science and technology studies (STS), this dissertation analyses the actual content of the standardized procedures and their uses in social work practice. The dissertation examines a ‘critical case’, a substance abuse social services agency that has worked extensively for several years at implementing EBP, and consists of four papers focusing on three standardized procedures used by the agency in order to enact EBP: 1) the Addiction severity index (ASI) assessment instrument; 2) the psychosocial intervention Motivational interviewing, and 3) the decision-making model Critical appraisal (CA). Ethnographic methods were employed to study the agency’s concrete uses of the standardized procedures in daily practice. MI was also followed in the research literature as it became established as an ‘evidence-based’ intervention. Fundamentally, the development of the standards of EBP can be a messy and paradoxical process. In the stabilization of MI, its differences and ‘fluidity’ have eventually been made to disappear and left a stable ‘evidence-based’ object. Findings from the ethnographic studies show that EBP, as enacted in the agency’s daily practice, is a bureaucratic project where the agency’s managers have decided on and control the use of a set of standards. Thus, what constitutes relevant evidence is based not on professional discussion within the agency but is ultimately determined by the managers. In practice, the standards introduce new logics that cause tensions within the agency, tensions which the social workers are left to handle. Main conflicts concern how the client work is ordered and contradictory organizational rationales. The three standards are used to varying extent, which can be understood by examining what they seek to standardize and how they are put to work. CA was not used at all, mainly due to its design. Disregarding organizational rationales that are unavoidable within the social services, it could not be adapted to the agency’s work. With ASI and MI the situation was different, mostly because of their organizational adaptability. ASI could be implemented in several phases of the agency’s work flow resulting in adjustments of both the instrument and the work flow. As a ‘fluid intervention’, MI was constrained by, but also adjustable to the organization. It was thus possible for both ASI and MI to transform and be transformed by pre-existing practices, in effect creating new practices. A major conclusion is that EBP and its standardized procedures is a more dynamic and multifaceted process than previously acknowledged in social work. Rather than a deterministic one-way path, there are different kinds, degrees, and mutual transformations of standardization processes, which must be appreciated in research and in practical efforts to implement EBP. Given the importance of the organization in professional social work, there is a need to move away from individualistic conceptions of EBP and to consider what evidence use might mean from an organizational perspective. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

Um modelo de avaliação da propriedade imobiliária referenciado à qualidade ambiental pode ser um instrumento para os estudos de impactos ambientais, relacionando seus efeitos aos valores das propriedades, tendo por preocupação contribuir para o aprimoramento dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental, e aperfeiçoamento dos Relatórios de Impacto Ambiental, dispositivos legais exigidos pela legislação ambiental brasileira. A metodologia foi desenvolvida a partir de uma abordagem analítica de trabalhos que, tendo por temática central o estudo do valor da propriedade, procuraram, através de um modelo matemático, relacioná-lo à qualidade ambiental da moradia. Parte-se da hipótese de que se uma moradia tem mais atributos desejáveis entre eles a qualidade ambiental do que outra esta avaliação será refletida em um preço mais alto no mercado. A partir do perfil metodológico encontrado neste painel de trabalhos, propõe-se um modelo para avaliação do impacto ambiental nos valores das propriedades imobiliárias e,finalmente, com dados imobiliários extraídos do mercado residencial, testa -se este modelo em um caso concreto na estruturação urbana da cidade de são Paulo: a Usina de Compostagem de Lixo da vila Leopoldina, com os efeitos de seu impacto ambiental nos valores das propriedades residenciais vizinhas. Concluiu-se que a partir do significativo prejuízo, calculado para 33 elementos da pesquisa, ocasionado pelo incômodo registrado como \"um mau cheiro\" pela população da região, pode-se afirmar que na totalidade do espaço físico desta região a magnitude da depreciação recomendaria um deslocamento da usina com efetivo ganho não apenas para a comunidade, como também para a municipalidade, com um previsível salto na tributação do imposto territorial e urbano proporcionado pela revalorização dos valores imobiliários. / A model for the evaluation of real estate regarding the environmental quality can be a tool for the environmental impact studies, relating its effects to the estate values, aiming at contributing to the improvement of the Environmental Impact Studies and the perfection of the Environmental Impact Reports, legal devices required by the Brazilian environmental legislation. The methodology was developed after an analytical approach to papers which, having the study of the estate value as central theme, have tried, through a mathematical model, to relate it to the environmental quality of housing. Starting from the hypothesis that if one housing happens to have more desirable attributes among them the environmental quality -than another, this evaluation will be reflected in a higher price in the market. From the methodological profile found in this collection of papers, a model for the evaluation of the environmental impact on the prices of the real estate is proposed and finally, with real estate data extracted from the housing market, this model is tested on a concrete case in the urban structuring o f S o Paulo city: the Vila Leopoldina Garbage Composting Plant, with the effects of its environmental impact on the prices of neighboring residential estates. It was concluded that judging from the significant loss calculated for 33 elements of the research, caused by the disturbance reported as \"a bad smell\" by the neighboring population, it can be stated that on the whole of the physical space in this area, the magnitude of the depreciation would recommend the removal of the plant with effective profit not only for the community, but also for the municipality, with a foreseeable increase of the urban and territorial taxes yielded by the restoration of the real estate prices.

The purpose of this qualitative, explorative descriptive study was to describe how registered nurses at a specific tertiary hospital perceive the annual performance appraisal. A sample of 20 registered surgical nurses working in the ten Surgical Care Divisions was purposively selected to meet the inclusion criteria. Data was collected through two focus group interviews with 10 participants each. The transcribed interviews were manually analysed according to Collaizzi‟s (1978) method. Findings were described according to six main themes, of which the last theme described the nurses‟ suggestions for improving the annual performance appraisal. The 15 sub-themes addressed, among other things, the process of conducting annual performance appraisals, scoring the performances, incentives, loyalty to the hospital, communication, and competency certification of registered nurses. Recommendations were made for developing guidelines to ensure a standardised process of annual performance appraisal and to involve all stakeholders in the review of the competency assessment certification process. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Supervisors are the primary drivers of performance management; however, little is known about factors that influence their implementation of these systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a supervisor individual difference—implicit person theory (IPT)—differentially predicts supervisor behaviors during, as well as both supervisor and employee reactions to appraisal interviews. In Study 1, MBA students reported their supervisors’ behaviors during their most recent performance appraisal interview (Time 1) as well as their subsequent reactions (i.e., perceived satisfaction, utility, success, supervisor support; Time 2). Their supervisors completed a measure assessing their own IPT (Time 3). Findings suggest that supervisors’ task-oriented behaviors predicted perceived satisfaction, utility, and success of the appraisal interviews, while supervisor’ relational-oriented behaviors predicted perceived supervisor support. In Study 2, supervisors recruited via MTurk completed all measures from Study 1 except perceived success. Results suggest that IPT was positively related to task-oriented behaviors and perceived utility, task-oriented behaviors mediated the relationship between IPT and all three reaction measures (i.e., perceived satisfaction, utility, and supervisor support), and relational-oriented behaviors significantly predicted supervisors’ perceived support. Overall, findings suggest that supervisors who believe people can change (hold a more incremental IPT) display more task-oriented behaviors during and see more utility in appraisal interviews. Additionally, task-oriented behaviors emerged as the key mechanism linking supervisors’ IPT and reactions to appraisal interviews. These findings demonstrate that supervisor individual differences, such as IPT, can influence performance appraisal and management outcomes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina de Paula Martins.pdf: 909257 bytes, checksum: 3022dd3e6934978ce183bd38c18664a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / The objective of my research is to examine how appraisal, especi popular protests that happened in Brazil in June, 2013. This topic was chosen due to its topicality and relevance to the Brazilian political and social landscape. The choice of the opinion essay genre was due to the need for Brazilian students to produce particularly argumentative texts in diagnostic tests. The data used were collected in two copies of the opinion essay genre, published by the n w F Sã P . T S F G (SFG) calls for the simultaneous construction, by language, of three meanings or metafunctions: Ideational (informing); Interpersonal (allowing interaction) and Textual (linguistically organizing the text). SFG allows investigation of the relationships between choices of certain linguistic forms and the ideologies and power relations that underlie these forms. This research has critical characteristics, in the terms of Critical Linguistics, in the attempt to marry a methodology of textual linguistic analysis with a social theory of language about political and ideological processes, resorting to SFG. Furthermore, the essays analysis is aided by the following concepts: the argumentative genre and the textual modes that constitute it, Argumentation Theory, as well as persuasive resources: politeness, irony and voicing. The research should answer the following questions: (a) how are the essays structured regarding persuasion? (b) to what lexicogrammatical choices do the authors resort to express the persuasion that permeates their opinions about the same fact? Results show that w z B z w : C shows that the situation in Brazil is so serious that the people may rise up, with tragic consequences; Coelho, from beliefs reported on the media, also shows that Brazil is undergoing a time of precariousness in virtually all sectors of society / O objetivo de minha pesquisa é o exame do modo como a avaliação, em especial a do tipo implícito, contribui para persuadir o leitor em artigos de opinião, no caso, referentes às manifestações de protesto popular ocorridas no Brasil em junho de 2013. Este tema foi escolhido devido a sua atualidade e relevância no cenário político-social brasileiro. A escolha do gênero artigo de opinião deveu-se à necessidade dos alunos brasileiros produzirem textos marcadamente argumentativos em provas diagnósticas. Os dados que utilizo foram coletados em dois exemplares do gênero artigo de opinião, publicados na Folha de São Paulo . A pesquisa tem o apoio da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (GSF), que preconiza a construção simultânea pela língua de três significados, ou metafunções: Ideacional (informando), Interpessoal (permitindo a interação) e Textual (organizando linguisticamente o texto). A GSF permite a investigação das relações entre escolhas de certas formas linguísticas e as ideologias e relações de poder que subjazem a essas formas. A presente pesquisa investe-se de cunho crítico, nos termos da Linguística Crítica, uma tentativa de casar um método de análise linguístico-textual com uma teoria social da linguagem sobre processos políticos e ideológicos, recorrendo-se à GSF. Além disso, a análise dos artigos conta com o auxílio das seguintes noções: gênero argumentativo e os modos textuais que o constituem, Teoria da Argumentação, bem como de recursos persuasivos: polidez, ironia e vozeamento. A pesquisa deve responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) como são estruturados os artigos com vistas à persuasão? (b) a que escolhas léxico-gramaticais recorrem os autores para a expressão da persuasão que permeia as suas opiniões sobre um mesmo fato? Os resultados mostram que os dois articulistas aqui estudados criticam a situação do Brasil, diferindo na maneira como o fazem: Cony mostra que a situação no Brasil está tão grave que o povo pode sublevar-se, com trágicas consequências; e Coelho, a partir de crenças noticiadas na mídia, mostra também que o Brasil atravessa um momento de precariedade em praticamente todos os setores da sociedade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Marzullo.pdf: 811014 bytes, checksum: ef345ac752672e4db45cc6e6206ef024 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Lexicogramatical choices featuring an authentic oral interaction in English have not received proper attention yet. This research compares spoken English (dialogues taken from two interviews on CBS s program Late Night Show with David Letterman) and its translation into Portuguese, on the corresponding subtitles. I take into consideration the fact that subtitles must follow rules that include their length, and, thus, their linguistic content may not always be identical to the original, and is in general shorter. What matters to my research is, then, to determine the characteristics of the omitted material. Of the three meanings construed by thee language Ideational, Interpersonal and Textual I analyse the second, taking into account that a clause organizes information as an interactive event (Interpersonal function). In this context, I focus on the linguistic expectations, specially politeness. Linguistic Expectation involves, among other factors, the appropriate level of formality to the linguistic context of situation and culture that must be respected, otherwise risking failure in communication. The examination of interactions is going to focus primarily on: Modality (involving Modalization and Modulation) and Appraisal (involving explicit or implicit evaluation of the message or the interlocutors). The research should answer the following questions: (a) What is the difference between English and Portuguese speakers concerning specially politeness? (b) What roles do Modality and Appraisal have in the process? The analysis relies on the theoretical and methodological approach of the Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). Research shows that there are differences both in lexicogrammatical choices that carry out politeness and in the frequency of their use / As escolhas lexicogramaticais que caracterizam uma interação oral autêntica em inglês ainda não mereceram a atenção devida. Esta pesquisa compara a modalidade falada do inglês, no caso, as interlocuções ocorridas em duas entrevistas do programa Late Night Show with David Letterman, no canal CBS, com as traduções em português, feitas nas respectivas legendas. Levo em conta que as legendas devem seguir normas que incluem sua extensão e que, dessa forma, seu conteúdo linguístico nem sempre pode ser idêntico ao do original, sendo em geral menos extenso. Assim, o que interessa à minha pesquisa é determinar as características do material omitido. Dos três significados construídos pela língua ideacional, interpessoal e textual , analiso o segundo, considerando que uma oração organiza a informação como um evento interativo (função interpessoal). Nesse contexto, enfoco a expectativa linguística em relação em especial à polidez. A expectativa linguística envolve, entre outros fatores, o nível de formalidade linguística adequado ao contexto de situação e de cultura, que deve ser respeitado com risco de insucesso na comunicação. O exame das interações enfocará basicamente: a Modalidade (envolvendo a Modalização e a Modulação) e a Avaliatividade (envolvendo a avaliação explícita ou implícita da mensagem ou dos interlocutores). A pesquisa deve responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) Que diferença existe entre as interlocuções de uma entrevista em inglês ocorridas em um programa de TV e as respectivas legendas em português em relação em especial à polidez? (b) Que papel exercem a Modalidade e a Avaliatividade nesse processo? A análise conta com o apoio da proposta teórico-metodológica da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (GSF). A pesquisa mostra que há diferenças tanto nas escolhas lexicogramaticais que realizam a polidez quanto na frequência de seu uso

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Mendes Montefusco.pdf: 922623 bytes, checksum: eb75a078704b5c7022ba022b461ec35b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this master thesis is the examination of social criticism in the novel Captains of the Sands by Jorge Amado. Captains of the Sands is a realist narrative that deals with the adventures of a group of street children who survives by committing crimes in the streets of Salvador. Since they live in an old warehouse, the boys of the band, led by Pedro Bala, are known by the nickname "captains of the sands". Jorge Amado is known as an advocate for the causes of the poor, excluded by society. This work is a lyrical testimony and romance of protest, bringing social and psychological elements that reflect the entire socio-political instability of the 30s. When creating his stories, the author, a political activist, defends the ideological principles of the left, and, in a way, the narrator works as the author's delegate. Despite all the violence and the rogue behavior of the minors, a close reading reveals that the source of these problems is the neglect of the state itself, the repressive and violent police, and the reformatory, a true hell of torture and misery. Thus, the reactions of these adolescents are nothing more than a vehicle of harsh revenge against the violence they have suffered. The novel analysis is based on theoretical and methodological proposals of Critical Linguistics &#8213; which gives ideological significance to any aspect of linguistic structure &#8213; and of the Systemic Functional Grammar, whose approach to language as a construer of three distinct functions or metafunctions &#8213; namely, Ideational (subject), Interpersonal (interactivity) and textual (internal organization and communicative nature of a text), allows the relationship between lexicogrammatical choices made in the microstructure of the text, with the macrostructure of ideology and power relations. The research should answer the following questions: (a) What choices in the Transitivity System contribute to enable the social criticism in Captains of the Sands? (b) What choices in the Appraisal framework perform this function? / The purpose of this master thesis is the examination of social criticism in the novel Captains of the Sands by Jorge Amado. Captains of the Sands is a realist narrative that deals with the adventures of a group of street children who survives by committing crimes in the streets of Salvador. Since they live in an old warehouse, the boys of the band, led by Pedro Bala, are known by the nickname "captains of the sands". Jorge Amado is known as an advocate for the causes of the poor, excluded by society. This work is a lyrical testimony and romance of protest, bringing social and psychological elements that reflect the entire socio-political instability of the 30s. When creating his stories, the author, a political activist, defends the ideological principles of the left, and, in a way, the narrator works as the author's delegate. Despite all the violence and the rogue behavior of the minors, a close reading reveals that the source of these problems is the neglect of the state itself, the repressive and violent police, and the reformatory, a true hell of torture and misery. Thus, the reactions of these adolescents are nothing more than a vehicle of harsh revenge against the violence they have suffered. The novel analysis is based on theoretical and methodological proposals of Critical Linguistics &#8213; which gives ideological significance to any aspect of linguistic structure &#8213; and of the Systemic Functional Grammar, whose approach to language as a construer of three distinct functions or metafunctions &#8213; namely, Ideational (subject), Interpersonal (interactivity) and textual (internal organization and communicative nature of a text), allows the relationship between lexicogrammatical choices made in the microstructure of the text, with the macrostructure of ideology and power relations. The research should answer the following questions: (a) What choices in the Transitivity System contribute to enable the social criticism in Captains of the Sands? (b) What choices in the Appraisal framework perform this function?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silmara Souza Parise.pdf: 1535689 bytes, checksum: 4df8d44cbcedcd57c50322b6360ff037 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this research is the examination of disagreement in an informal casual talk-in-interaction between a man and a woman to verify the lexicogrammatical choices that highlight the occurrence of disagreements, and the circumstances surrounding these events. The study of the act of disagreeing in daily conversation has been associated to both, Conversation Analysis studies, based on the notion of preference, and to the concept of model of Politeness. There are notable points of convergence in the preference setting and politeness. More specifically, both see disagreement as socially disruptive and, thus, considered as the second dispreferred part or face-threatening-acts. Both approaches emphasize the fact that disagreements should be mitigated or postponed: between, within and across speech turns. Thus, conversational disagreements tend to be temporarily postponed and structurally complex and generally preceded by partial agreements, hesitations, requests for clarification, repetitions of the question, among others. In fact, the degree and the type of strategy used to mitigate face-threatening-acts or dispreferred acts cannot be postulated a priori, but must be supported by empirical data analysis, which are situationally and contextually sensitive of the event of speech in which the act occurs. The critical nature of the analysis carried out is supported by the Systemic Functional Linguistics, which allows the relationship between the microstructure of lexicogrammatical choices with the macrostructure of disagreement and their implications. Following the trend of this research area trend, I adopt an eclectic theoretical base, extracting insights of different approaches, but with special focus on Conversation Analysis, Systemic Functional Linguistics and Critical Linguistics. This research aims to answer the following questions: (a) How are disagreement and mitigation characterized linguistically? (b) Which roles do causality, concession and adversativity perform in this process? (c) What is the function of Appraisal and Modality in relation to these issues? / O objetivo desta pesquisa é o exame do desacordo em um diálogo informal entre um homem e uma mulher para verificar as escolhas léxico-gramaticais que marcam a ocorrência de desacordos, bem como as circunstâncias que cercam essas ocorrências. O estudo do ato de discordar na conversa diária tem sido associado de um lado ao trabalho de Análise da Conversa, com base na noção de preferência, e, de outro lado, ao conceito de face no modelo de polidez. Há notáveis pontos de convergência na definição de preferência e de polidez. Mais especificamente, ambas veem o desacordo como socialmente disruptivo, sendo assim, considerado como segunda parte despreferida ou atos-ameaçadores-de-face. Ambas as abordagens enfatizam o fato de que os desacordos devem ser mitigados ou adiados: entre, dentro e através de turnos. Assim, os desacordos conversacionais tendem a ser temporariamente postergados e estruturalmente complexos e, em geral, prefaciados por acordos parciais, hesitações, pedidos de esclarecimento, repetição da pergunta, entre outros. Na realidade, o grau e o tipo de estratégia usados para mitigar as ameaças-de-face ou os atos despreferidos não podem ser postulados a priori, mas precisam ser apoiados em análises de dados empíricos, sensíveis ao contexto tanto situacional quanto cultural - do evento da fala em que o ato ocorre. A análise de cunho crítico tem o apoio da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, que permite fazer a relação entre a microestrutura das escolhas léxico-gramaticais com a macroestrutura do desacordo e suas implicações. Seguindo tendência dessa área de pesquisa, adoto uma base teórica eclética, extraindo as intravisões de diferentes abordagens, mas com referência especial para a Análise da Conversa, a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional e a Linguística Crítica. A pesquisa deve responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) Como se caracteriza linguisticamente o desacordo ou a sua mitigação? (b) Que papéis exercem, nesse processo, a causalidade, a concessividade e a adversatividade? (c) Qual é a função da Avaliatividade e da Modalidade em relação a essas questões?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Greta Nascimento Marchetti.pdf: 1587866 bytes, checksum: 2888ba95bdbe4e59dc52b3edafc84442 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / This research aimed to analyse structural and rethorical features of an essay and an opinion piece, both published in wide national range newspaper and magazine. The acts of telling and describing a story or a happening are configured as linguistic operations performed by an individual since early ages, which results in an event reconstruction or in capturing an own experience moment. When arguing, commenting or positioning about a topic, someone passes judgement on the subject under discussion to persuade the listener. This requires knowledge of the subject that will address and a critical position taken hereafter it. Recent studies have shown that children as young as 4 or 5 years old dominate the oral dissertation discursive form already well developed, which gives them a satisfactory communication, although far from written language formal lines. However, dissertative-argumentative texts are often teaching objects, specifically in the final years of elementary school and high school, aiming to build an academic and scientific speech, known as a product of student education process, within the formal bases. Thus, given the complexity involving the action of arguing and the construction of an argumentative written speech, this study focuses on essay and opinion piece genres, in addition to examining argumentation issues, involving genre structure, as well as assessment resources, in view of persuading that is inherent in arguments. The research, which presents a critical nature, with the support of Functional Systemic Grammar, aims to answer the following questions: (a) How is characterized the structure of the essays and opinion pieces which were analyzed? (b) How is the argument built in these texts? (c) Which persuasive resources are used in argumentative process? / O objetivo da minha pesquisa é a análise das características estruturais e retóricas de dois artigos de opinião e de um ensaio publicados em jornal e revista de ampla circulação nacional. O narrar e o descrever uma história ou um fato ocorrido são atividades linguísticas que o indivíduo realiza desde muito cedo, implicando reconstituir um acontecimento ou captar um momento que faz parte da sua experiência. Ao argumentar, quando se comenta e se posiciona sobre algo, emitem-se julgamentos de valor sobre o objeto em discussão com o intuito de persuadir o interlocutor. Isso demanda conhecimento sobre o assunto que se vai abordar e uma tomada de posição crítica diante dele. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que crianças desde 4 ou 5 anos de idade dominam a forma discursiva dissertativa oral já bem elaborada, o que lhes garante uma comunicação satisfatória, embora distante dos moldes formais da língua escrita. No entanto, os textos dissertativosargumentativos costumam ser objetos de ensino mais especificamente nos finais do ensino fundamental II e do ensino médio, objetivando à construção de um discurso acadêmico e científico sendo, dentro dos moldes formais, conhecido como um produto do processo de escolarização do aluno. Assim, diante da complexidade envolvendo a ação de argumentar e da construção de um discurso argumentativo escrito, o presente estudo tem como foco os gêneros ensaio e artigo de opinião e o exame de questões referentes à argumentação, envolvendo a estrutura de gênero, bem como os recursos de avaliação tendo em vista a persuasão que percorre os argumentos. A pesquisa, de cunho crítico, com o apoio da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional, visa responder às seguintes questões: (a) Como se caracteriza a estrutura de textos do gênero ensaio e artigo de opinião publicados em jornais e revistas? (b) Como é tecida a argumentação nesses textos? (c) Que recursos persuasivos são usados no processo argumentativo?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Cristina Zanata.pdf: 581654 bytes, checksum: bd335be2ca6e8bee731a89595a6db90f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / This study, part of Project Direct - Towards the language of business communication (LAEL/PUC-SP), aims to present the results of a needs analysis carried out in the professional context of 40 waiters and two managers of two sophisticated restaurants in the city of São Paulo. To collect the data, three questionnaires were used two were answered by the waiters, and the third, by the restaurant managers. In order to conduct the needs analysis of these professionals, we looked for support in Hutchinson s & Waters (1987) languages for specific purposes approach (1987). These authors argue that the needs analysis is extremely important, as it enables not only the implementation of a course but also its continuous evaluation. The linguistic analysis of the work is based on the Functional Grammar proposed by Halliday (1994, 2004) and his collaborators - among others, Eggins (1994) and Martin & White (2005). Functional Grammar is a language theory that focuses on the effective use of language, that is, the manner in which the user uses language in different contexts. Functional Grammar was employed to analyze the appraisal items that occur in the waiters answers to the questionnaires, based on the Appraisal System of Martin & White (2005) and on the analysis model proposed by Eggins & Slade (1997). The results of the needs analysis and of the Appraisal System analysis revealed that the most important items to be included in a professional qualification course, according to the waiters, are: assistance to restaurant clients, self-evaluation, and performance. The present work intends to have contributed to the suggestion of a course proposal for the professional development of waiters that takes into account the needs considered by the waiters who participated in this study as relevant for professionals who intend to work in the area / Este estudo, parte do Projeto Direct - Em direção à linguagem dos negócios (LAEL/PUC-SP), tem como objetivo a apresentação dos resultados obtidos com a análise de necessidades no contexto profissional de 40 garçons e dois gerentes de dois restaurantes sofisticados da cidade de São Paulo. Para consecução de tais objetivos, foram utilizados 3 questionários, sendo que dois foram aplicados aos garçons e o terceiro foi aplicado aos gerentes dos restaurantes. Para a realização do levantamento de necessidades desses profissionais, apoiamo-nos na abordagem instrumental de Hutchinson & Waters (1987), que afirmam que a análise de necessidades é de extrema importância, pois é ela que, além de possibilitar a implementação de um curso, também possibilita a sua avaliação contínua. A análise lingüística do trabalho está fundamentada na Gramática Sistêmico- Funcional proposta por Halliday (1994, 2004) e seus colaboradores, como Eggins (1994), Martin & White (2005), dentre outros e foi utilizada para a análise dos itens avaliativos que ocorrem nas respostas dos garçons aos questionários, tendo como base o Sistema de Avaliatividade (Appraisal System) de Martin & White (2005) e o modelo de análise proposto por Eggins & Slade (1997). Os resultados da análise de necessidades juntamente com o resultado da análise do Sistema de Avaliatividade possibilitaram-nos identificar que os itens considerados prioritários em um curso de aperfeiçoamento profissional pelos garçons são: o atendimento, a auto-avaliação e o desempenho. O presente trabalho pretende ter contribuído para a sugestão de uma proposta de curso para desenvolvimento profissional de garçons, que considere as necessidades apontadas pelos garçons participantes desta pesquisa como relevantes para os profissionais que pretendem atuar na área