Acompanha: Caderno de sequência didática: Sequência didática aplicada no segundo ano do primeiro ciclo baseada no tema “higiene e saúde" / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar contribuições do uso interdisciplinar das tecnologias de informação e comunicação disponíveis na escola, para o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. O estudo foi fundamentado a partir de documentos norteadores da educação e estudos das áreas de educação tecnológica, interdisciplinaridade e ensino de ciências. Procurou-se observar o benefício das tecnologias da informação e comunicação como ferramentas contribuintes na aprendizagem. Buscou-se estudar a proposta do ensino de ciências contextualizado, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar. Enfocou-se a importância do papel do professor como mediador da aprendizagem do seu aluno. Destacou-se a importância do bom uso das tecnologias, com objetivos e estratégias bem definidas. Como metodologia, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, participante e aplicada. Os dados considerados foram obtidos nas exposições orais e nos registros das atividades dos alunos da turma do segundo ano do primeiro ciclo de uma escola municipal da periferia de Ponta Grossa. A análise se deu mediante os resultados da aplicação de uma sequência didática baseada no tema “Higiene e Saúde”. Por meio deste estudo, foi possível demonstrar que as tecnologias da informação e comunicação são meios colaboradores para a aprendizagem quando são utilizadas com base em um planejamento consistente, contando com a mediação do professor, que facilita a realização das correlações entre as concepções prévias e o conhecimento científico. / This research aims to present interdisciplinary contributions from use of information and communication technologies available in the school for the teaching of science in the early years of elementary school. The study was based from documents guiding the education and studies in the areas of technology education, and interdisciplinary science teaching. We tried to observe the benefits of information technologies and communication tools as taxpayers in learning. We sought to study the proposal of science education contextualized in an interdisciplinary perspective. Focused on the importance of the role of the teacher as facilitator of learning of their students. He stressed the importance of proper use of technology, with well-defined objectives and strategies. The methodology used was a qualitative approach, participant and applied. The data obtained were considered in oral statements and records of the activities of students in the second year of the first cycle of a municipal school in the outskirts of Ponta Grossa. They were analyzed by the results of applying a sequence of teaching based on the theme "Health and Safety". Through this study, we could demonstrate that the technologies of information and communication media for learning when employees are used based on a consistent planning, with the mediation of the teacher who facilitates the realization of the correlations between the preconceptions and knowledge scientific.

O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar, a partir da visão dos acadêmicos, como o Curso de Letras em uma Universidade pública no Estado do Paraná prepara os futuros professores para o contexto educacional influenciado pelas transformações sociais caracterizadas pelo avanço da ciência e tecnologia. A importância do estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de verificar como os cursos de licenciatura, principalmente na área das Ciências Humanas, têm tratado as questões legais que direcionam o processo de formação de professores para o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias à prática docente, tendo em vista que esta prática é constantemente influenciada pelas transformações sociais relacionadas aos avanços da ciência e tecnologia. Como metodologia de pesquisa optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa de natureza interpretativa. A técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista individual semiestruturada. Os participantes do estudo foram alunos do último ano do Curso de Letras de uma Universidade Pública do Estado do Paraná. Os principais resultados do estudo mostram que os entrevistados possuem uma percepção crítica referente às competências necessárias para a formação do que consideram ser um bom professor, porém se sentem inseguros quanto à formação para a futura prática docente. Outra questão evidenciada nos depoimentos dos entrevistados foi a falta de relação entre teoria e prática, assim como a falta da prática interdisciplinar no Curso de Letras. Os resultados evidenciam também que os conceitos de ciência e tecnologia estão presentes na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (Lei n.o 9.394/1996) e também nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN). Apesar disso, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para formação de professores não abordam tais conceitos, cabendo às Instituições de Ensino Superior a decisão pelo trabalho para difusão dos conhecimentos relacionados à ciência e tecnologia. As evidências também mostraram que há a necessidade de maior direcionamento da formação do professor para uma perspectiva mais problematizadora e interdisciplinar, buscando melhorias no processo de formação para a futura prática docente; que existe um distanciamento entre a construção dos saberes de conteúdo e os saberes pedagógicos e que os processos relacionados à democratização dos conceitos de ciência e tecnologia não integram o processo de formação docente no mencionado curso. Todas essas evidências direcionam para a necessidade de aprofundamento nas reflexões sobre o processo de formação docente, em relação à formação para a prática, voltada ao contexto educacional influenciado pelas transformações da ciência e da tecnologia. / The objective of the present study was to analyze, from undergraduate students’ perspective, how the language course at a public university in the state of Paraná prepares future teachers for the educational context influenced by social changes characterized by the advance of science and technology. The importance of the study is justified by the need to verify how the undergraduate courses, mainly in the area of humanities, have dealt with the legal issues that drive the process of teacher training to develop competences for teaching practice taking into account that this practice is constantly influenced by the social changes related to advances in science and technology. The methodological approach was qualitative. The data was collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The participants of the study were students of the final year of the Language Course. The main findings showed that the participants have a critical perception regarding the competences required for the preparation of what they consider to be a good teacher, but feel insecure about their training for future teaching practice. Another issue highlighted by the interviewees was the lack of relationship between theory and practice, as well as the lack of interdisciplinary practice in the course. The concepts of science and technology are present in the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education (Law 9.394/1996) and also in the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN). Nevertheless, the National Curriculum Guideline for teacher training does not address these concepts, leaving it to Institutions of Higher Education the decision to work for the dissemination of knowledge related to science and technology. There is a need to address teacher education to a more interdisciplinary and problem-solving orientation, seeking improvements in the training process for future teaching practice. The evidences also showed that there is a gap between the construction of content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge and that the democratization of the concepts of science and technology were not part of the process of teacher training in that course. All these evidences pointed to the need for deeper reflections on the process of teacher education in relation to training for practice, focused on the educational context influenced by changes in science and technology.

Acompanha: Caderno de sequência didática: Sequência didática aplicada no segundo ano do primeiro ciclo baseada no tema “higiene e saúde" / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar contribuições do uso interdisciplinar das tecnologias de informação e comunicação disponíveis na escola, para o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. O estudo foi fundamentado a partir de documentos norteadores da educação e estudos das áreas de educação tecnológica, interdisciplinaridade e ensino de ciências. Procurou-se observar o benefício das tecnologias da informação e comunicação como ferramentas contribuintes na aprendizagem. Buscou-se estudar a proposta do ensino de ciências contextualizado, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar. Enfocou-se a importância do papel do professor como mediador da aprendizagem do seu aluno. Destacou-se a importância do bom uso das tecnologias, com objetivos e estratégias bem definidas. Como metodologia, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, participante e aplicada. Os dados considerados foram obtidos nas exposições orais e nos registros das atividades dos alunos da turma do segundo ano do primeiro ciclo de uma escola municipal da periferia de Ponta Grossa. A análise se deu mediante os resultados da aplicação de uma sequência didática baseada no tema “Higiene e Saúde”. Por meio deste estudo, foi possível demonstrar que as tecnologias da informação e comunicação são meios colaboradores para a aprendizagem quando são utilizadas com base em um planejamento consistente, contando com a mediação do professor, que facilita a realização das correlações entre as concepções prévias e o conhecimento científico. / This research aims to present interdisciplinary contributions from use of information and communication technologies available in the school for the teaching of science in the early years of elementary school. The study was based from documents guiding the education and studies in the areas of technology education, and interdisciplinary science teaching. We tried to observe the benefits of information technologies and communication tools as taxpayers in learning. We sought to study the proposal of science education contextualized in an interdisciplinary perspective. Focused on the importance of the role of the teacher as facilitator of learning of their students. He stressed the importance of proper use of technology, with well-defined objectives and strategies. The methodology used was a qualitative approach, participant and applied. The data obtained were considered in oral statements and records of the activities of students in the second year of the first cycle of a municipal school in the outskirts of Ponta Grossa. They were analyzed by the results of applying a sequence of teaching based on the theme "Health and Safety". Through this study, we could demonstrate that the technologies of information and communication media for learning when employees are used based on a consistent planning, with the mediation of the teacher who facilitates the realization of the correlations between the preconceptions and knowledge scientific.

O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar, a partir da visão dos acadêmicos, como o Curso de Letras em uma Universidade pública no Estado do Paraná prepara os futuros professores para o contexto educacional influenciado pelas transformações sociais caracterizadas pelo avanço da ciência e tecnologia. A importância do estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de verificar como os cursos de licenciatura, principalmente na área das Ciências Humanas, têm tratado as questões legais que direcionam o processo de formação de professores para o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias à prática docente, tendo em vista que esta prática é constantemente influenciada pelas transformações sociais relacionadas aos avanços da ciência e tecnologia. Como metodologia de pesquisa optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa de natureza interpretativa. A técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista individual semiestruturada. Os participantes do estudo foram alunos do último ano do Curso de Letras de uma Universidade Pública do Estado do Paraná. Os principais resultados do estudo mostram que os entrevistados possuem uma percepção crítica referente às competências necessárias para a formação do que consideram ser um bom professor, porém se sentem inseguros quanto à formação para a futura prática docente. Outra questão evidenciada nos depoimentos dos entrevistados foi a falta de relação entre teoria e prática, assim como a falta da prática interdisciplinar no Curso de Letras. Os resultados evidenciam também que os conceitos de ciência e tecnologia estão presentes na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (Lei n.o 9.394/1996) e também nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN). Apesar disso, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para formação de professores não abordam tais conceitos, cabendo às Instituições de Ensino Superior a decisão pelo trabalho para difusão dos conhecimentos relacionados à ciência e tecnologia. As evidências também mostraram que há a necessidade de maior direcionamento da formação do professor para uma perspectiva mais problematizadora e interdisciplinar, buscando melhorias no processo de formação para a futura prática docente; que existe um distanciamento entre a construção dos saberes de conteúdo e os saberes pedagógicos e que os processos relacionados à democratização dos conceitos de ciência e tecnologia não integram o processo de formação docente no mencionado curso. Todas essas evidências direcionam para a necessidade de aprofundamento nas reflexões sobre o processo de formação docente, em relação à formação para a prática, voltada ao contexto educacional influenciado pelas transformações da ciência e da tecnologia. / The objective of the present study was to analyze, from undergraduate students’ perspective, how the language course at a public university in the state of Paraná prepares future teachers for the educational context influenced by social changes characterized by the advance of science and technology. The importance of the study is justified by the need to verify how the undergraduate courses, mainly in the area of humanities, have dealt with the legal issues that drive the process of teacher training to develop competences for teaching practice taking into account that this practice is constantly influenced by the social changes related to advances in science and technology. The methodological approach was qualitative. The data was collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The participants of the study were students of the final year of the Language Course. The main findings showed that the participants have a critical perception regarding the competences required for the preparation of what they consider to be a good teacher, but feel insecure about their training for future teaching practice. Another issue highlighted by the interviewees was the lack of relationship between theory and practice, as well as the lack of interdisciplinary practice in the course. The concepts of science and technology are present in the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education (Law 9.394/1996) and also in the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN). Nevertheless, the National Curriculum Guideline for teacher training does not address these concepts, leaving it to Institutions of Higher Education the decision to work for the dissemination of knowledge related to science and technology. There is a need to address teacher education to a more interdisciplinary and problem-solving orientation, seeking improvements in the training process for future teaching practice. The evidences also showed that there is a gap between the construction of content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge and that the democratization of the concepts of science and technology were not part of the process of teacher training in that course. All these evidences pointed to the need for deeper reflections on the process of teacher education in relation to training for practice, focused on the educational context influenced by changes in science and technology.

M.Ed. / Traditionally schools for learning disabled pupils taught the language arts within a behaviouristic model where language was broken down into its component parts and sub-skills, which were then taught in a stepwise, sequential manner from the most simplistic towards the whole complex language. In the 1980's there was a grassroots, teacher-initiated movement away from this reductionist orientation towards the teaching of language in a meaningful, integrated manner. A variety of teaching methods developed which were consistent with this new whole language approach. The whole language approach became an inherent part of teachers, encompassing all aspects of a classroom and thus it was referred to as the whole language philosophy. This research focused on the process of a teacher changing from the behaviouristic approach towards the whole language philosophy. Although the research focused on one teacher, it had broader implications for the process of whole language implementation in all schools for learning disabled children. This process of a teacher changing towards the whole language philosophy was explored within the theoretical framework of a model described by Watson. The model presented three dimensions of philosophy formation. The dimensions were practice, theory, and beliefs which were inter-related and constantly evolving as the teacher's philosophy formed. The methodological format used to achieve the research aim was a qualitative single case study. The qualitative design allowed for the process of teacher change to unfold without constraints. It accommodated the explorative, flexible nature of the research and allowed for rich, interpretative descriptions of the process. The research was limited to a single case since the scope of the research allowed for only one teacher to be purposefully selected and educated. The researcher introduced the teacher to the whole language approach by providing suitable reading material, by building a trusting relationship with her, and consulting with her on the practical implementation in her classroom. Simultaneously with the researcher facilitating the change process in the teacher, the researcher collected data from various sources - interviews, documents and journal field notes. Data analysis was done using the content analysis procedure of open coding where manageable units of data were subjected to pre-determined criteria in order to code them into themes. The themes were then clustered into regularly occurring patterns for consolidation and interpretations were then made which led to the research conclusions. The findings of the study supported Watson's three dimensional model. Whole language philosophy formation began with the implementation of borrowed practices, which resulted in successful experiences and prompted the activation of a quest for the underlying theory. Theory activation led to the examination of previously held beliefs which altered with time towards the whole language philosophy. Added to this model, this study indicated that a teacher's whole language philosophy formation is a dynamic process. The process was facilitated by an agent of change and contextualised within the educational system where it required a supportive environment in order to develop. These findings suggested that the agent of change be added to Watson's model as the fourth dimension and that the entire process be contextualised within the educational system.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This theses examined adult learners' experiences of group work in management education. Group work is an integral part of learning and teaching methods at most business schools because it develops team skills demanded by today's workplace. Furthermore, group work in education is grounded in the belief that much learning happens through social interaction and that diversity within groups promotes learning. This study analysed learners' group experiences in a business school. The study also aimed to identify conditions that hinder and promote group interaction with a view to enhance learning. / South Africa

The objective of this research study was to obtain a better understanding of the factors that affect lecturer and student participation in distributed collaborative learning assignments (DCLAs). A substantial number of courses worldwide have included DCLAs in their curricula in an attempt to teach students virtual communication and teaming skills, and to allow distributed students to learn course content collaboratively in a virtual environment. The execution and management of these assignments have proven to be more challenging that expected. Several attempts reported on in the literature had to be abandoned when cost exceeded the rewards for both lecturers and students. In a fouryear cyclical action research project carried out at the PETech (Port Elizabeth Technikon, currently part of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa), ICT students at several of the PETech campuses were required to complete a DCLA in virtual teams. This project also had to be terminated when it was realised that virtual team learning was minimal and the time investment unacceptably high. For the research study reported on in this thesis the data collected during the four “preresearch” cycles and the experiences reported in the literature were analysed. The lessons learnt were applied to a new additional DCLA cycle which formed part of an ICT course, although this execution still showed room for improvement. A second additional cycle was then executed which had a high participation rate and was overwhelmingly labelled by the participating students as a valuable and enjoyable learning experience. Analysis of the factors affecting participation in DCLAs shows that they are numerous and tightly interlinked, and that each factor is able to take on a wide range of values. This complicates descriptive reporting as each of the DCLAs was unique with unique outcomes and would have to be reported as such in order to iii ABSTRACT iv gain an understanding of the factors. Hence, a level of abstraction was needed, which was accomplished by applying the traditional Glaserian grounded theory method to the data collected during the four “preresearch” and the two additional cycles, and from the literature on the topic. The outcome is a perceived costs and rewards (PCR) theory for participation in DCLAs. As participation is crucial for the learning experience of each student as well as his/her team members in an action learning environment, deciding on participation by continually calculating the costs versus rewards became the focal point of the theory. To the best of the author’s knowledge this research study makes a theoretical contribution to the existing body of ICT educational knowledge in the form of a perceived costs and rewards theory for DCLA participation and a practical contribution in that it provides a theory that can be used to explain, understand, interpret and predict participation in DCLAs. This research study provides guidance for future research in both of these areas.

This study provides empirical research on the Language Experience Approach (LEA) to introducing the reading and writing process to beginner, First Language (L1) and Second Language (L2) readers. This is a worthwhile area of current research because LEA is a precursor to Whole Language. In the province of British Columbia, Whole Language is quickly becoming a very popular reading program. Whole Language incorporates a great deal of LEA in theory and in practice. Yet, while many researchers and educators have praised LEA and Whole Language in general, with particular value for L2 students, little empirical research on LEA exists. This study attempts to provide some of this necessary empirical research. An experiment was designed with an independent variable and several dependent variables. The independent variable consisted of one treatment using LEA and another treatment not using LEA. The dependent variables measured growth in reading and writing ability, growth in reading interest, and growth in ESL acquisition. Three Grade One classrooms were involved. Two used a popular, basal reader program and the other used LEA. Fifty percent or more of the students in the three classes were L2 students. Five research hypotheses were formulated. They were: (a) reading ability In the experimental group (LEA) would be greater than in the control group (basal readers), (b) creative writing ability in the experimental group would be greater than in the control group, (c) reading interest in the experimental group would be greater than in the control group, (d) Second Language acquisition would be greater with the L2 students in the experimental group than with those in the control group and, (e) L2 students in the experimental group would perform better in reading and writing ability and would have a greater increase in reading than their L2 peers in the control group. The experiment ran for seven months. During the course of the experiment, a formal checklist was used, in periodic visits to the classrooms, to ensure the experimental group was using LEA and the control group was not. Pretests were given in readiness, ESL ability, skill in independent writing, and in attitude towards reading. Posttests were given in vocabulary growth, reading comprehension, ESL ability, skill in independent writing, and attitude towards reading. The research hypotheses were designed in the experiment as five null hypotheses. Rejection of these null hypotheses occurred if p < .05. ANCOVA were used as tests of significance. Of the five null hypotheses, only the one for reading ability was rejected. There were significant differences in reading ability between the LEA and basal reader groups. The scores on the reading posttests favored the subjects using the basal readers. There were no significant differences in writing ability, reading interest, and L2 acquisition between the two groups and between the L2 subjects in the two groups. The results indicate more empirical research is urgently required. Before Whole Language, similar in philosophy and technique to LEA, is hastily adopted in British Columbia as the next, major Language Arts program, more empirical research is needed to determine whether or not Whole Language is in fact, a superior program. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

No description available.

The goals of this project include developing a way to efficiently teach the many required subjects in the overloaded elementary school day and incorporating litrature into content area curriculum.