The purpose of this research was to determine the solubility of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) oil in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), effects of parameters (particle size, solvent flow rate, pressure, temperature and co-solvent (ethanol) concentration) on extraction yield and to investigate the possibility of fractionation. Solubility, increased with pressure and increased with temperature above the crossover pressure, which was found between 200 and 300 bar, and decreased with temperature below the crossover pressure. Appropriate models were fitted to data. Extraction of apricot kernel oil occurred in two extraction periods as fast and slow extraction periods. Most of the oil was extracted in the fast extraction period and the oil recovered in the slow extraction period was negligible. Extraction yield increased with decrease in particle size and recovery of more than 99 % of the oil was possible if particle diameter decreased below 0.425 mm. Extraction rate increased with increase in flow rate, pressure, temperature and ethanol concentration. The volume mass transfer coefficient in the fluid phase changed between 0.6 and 3.7 /min, whereas the volume mass transfer coefficient in the solid phase changed between 0.00009 and 0.00048 /min. Extraction yield at 15 min for particle diameter smaller than 0.85 mm was formulated as a function of solvent flow rate, pressure, temperature, and ethanol concentration by using Response Surface Methodology. According to the model yield was highest (0.26 g /g) at 4 g/min flow rate, 60 oC, 450 bar and 3 % ethanol concentration. Fractionation was not possible at significant levels.

Orientadores: Flavio Luis Schmidt, Alessandro Nogueira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T07:43:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quast_Ernesto_D.pdf: 3408175 bytes, checksum: 2c21225123069a5fa9cfeb4921650aca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O umê (Prunus mume) é um fruto de caroço que apresenta alta rusticidade e adaptabilidade agrícola, sendo muito estudado como porta-enxerto de pêssegos, nectarinas e ameixas. Embora no Brasil não existam estudos visando o processamento dos frutos, o umê é muito consumido e apreciado em países asiáticos devido às propriedades nutracêuticas relacionadas ao consumo de concentrados de frutos verdes ou flores, por isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é possibilitar o aproveitamento desta matéria prima pela elaboração de um produto apreciado pelo consumidor brasileiro, com apelo saudável. Foram utilizados frutos de diferentes localidades do Estado de São Paulo, caracterizados segundo suas dimensões, massa e rendimento no despolpamento, bem como seus aspectos botânicos. Os frutos tiveram a sua maturação acompanhada pela cor e após maduros, foram branqueados termicamente, despolpados, desaerados e envasados a quente na planta piloto de Frutas e Hortaliças da Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos da UNICAMP. Foram realizadas análises de textura instrumental em frutos verdes e maduros. Na Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG) foram realizadas análises químicas de compostos fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante dos frutos colhidos em cinco diferentes localidades do Estado de São Paulo e em diferentes graus de maturação, bem como as análises reológicas. As dimensões dos frutos (2,0 a 3,6 cm de diâmetro) e suas massas foram significativamente inferiores (6 a 16 gramas) aos valores relatados em trabalhos científicos de autores asiáticos. Os frutos não apresentaram variação significativa do teor de compostos fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante durante a maturação, a partir de sua completa maturação fisiológica (88 dias após a floração), cujos valores foram de 147 a 226 mg catequina/ g base seca e 21 a 34 µMol Trolox/ g base seca, respectivamente. A reologia foi realizada para polpa de umê nas concentrações de 6 a 9 ºBrix, nas temperaturas de 15 a 75 ºC. O comportamento reológico da polpa de umê se mostrou independente do tempo, com comportamento não-Newtoniano e pseudoplástico (Herschel-Bulkley). Apresentou bom ajuste aos modelos reológicos de Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, Bingham e Lei da Potência. A equação de Arrhenius possibilitou o cálculo da energia de ativação para diferentes concentrações de polpa. A consistência da polpa de umê é altamente influenciada pela concentração dos sólidos solúveis do produto. A micro estruturação da polpa com alginato, para adição ao suco clarificado de umê mostrou-se estável com a elevação do pH para valores superiores a 3,5 / Abstract: Prunus mume is a stone fruit that exhibits high robustness and agriculture adaptability. Its use is being extensively studied as rootstocks for peaches, nectarines and plums. Although in Brazil there are no studies for mume fruit processing, in Asian countries this fruit is widely consumed and appreciated due to the nutraceutical properties related to the consumption of concentrated or processed green-stage fruits or flowers. The present work aim is to produce a highly acceptable product with health appeal. Fruits from different locations in São Paulo State were characterized according to their size, weight and yield pulping, as well as its botanical characteristics. Fruits were evaluated during maturation by color and after fully-ripe they were thermally blanched, pulped, deaerated and hot filled in the pilot plant of Fruits and Vegetables of the Faculty of Food Engineering at UNICAMP. Instrumental texture analyses of green and ripe fruits were performed. At the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG) were done chemical analysis of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits collected in 5 different locations in the State of São Paulo and at different stages of maturity, as well as rheological analyses. The fruit dimensions (2.0-3.6 cm diameter) and their mass were significantly lower (6-16 g) than values reported in scientific studies done in Asian countries. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity did not vary during maturation of the fruit, from its full physiological maturity (88 days after flowering), with values of 148-226 mg catechin/ g dy basis and 21- 34 mMol Trolox/ g dry basis, respectively. Pulp concentrations at 6-9 °Brix were used to study the rheological properties from 15 to 75 °C. The rheological behavior of mume pulp is non-Newtonian pseudoplastic (Herschel-Bulkley). Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, Bingham and Power Law rheological models described well the mume pulp behavior. The Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the activation energy for different concentrations of pulp and was shown that consistency is highly influenced by soluble solids concentration. Micro structured particles of pulp with alginate for adding into clarified mume juice just showed stability with pH increase over 3.5 / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

La famille des Flexiviridae a été créée en 2004 et regroupe plusieurs genres viraux affectant particulièrement des espèces ligneuses dont des arbres fruitiers. Grâce à diverses approches plusieurs nouveaux Flexiviridae ont été partiellement caractérisés au cours de ces dernières années. En revanche la position taxonomique précise de certains d’entre eux et leur contribution à des pathologies particulières restent encore incertaines du fait de difficultés inhérentes à l’étude de ces agents. Dans le présent travail, nous avons obtenu les séquences génomiques complètes pour quatre agents proches de l’Apricot latent virus. Ceci a permis de préciser l’organisation génomique de ces virus et d’en déterminer la position taxonomique. Cette étude a également permis de montrer que la partie C-terminale de la capside et la protéine TGBp1 sont soumises à une pression sélective particulièrement forte. Dans un second volet de ce travail, plusieurs approches permettant l’obtention simple et rapide d’ADNc infectieux, sous forme clonée ou non ont été développées. Travaillant sur plusieurs Flexiviridae, dont le virus des taches foliaires chlorotiques du pommier (Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, ACLSV), nous avons mis au point l’amplification d’ADNc génomiques complets en une seule étape à partir d’extraits d’acides nucléiques totaux obtenus à partir de plantes infectées. Des amplifiats comportant l’ADNc viral sous le contrôle du promoteur 35S du CaMV ou du promoteur de la RNA polymérase du phage T7 ont été obtenus et utilisés pour infecter des plantes directement par biolistique (promoteur 35S) ou pour obtenir des ARN infectieux par transcription in vitro (promoteur T7). Ces données ont mis en évidence des différences importantes dans le comportement de deux hôtes de l’ACLSV, Chenopodium quinoa et Nicotiana occidentalis 37B. Nous avons également utilisé le système de recombinaison homologue de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae simplifier le clonage d’ADNc complets amplifiés par PCR ou pour réaliser en une seule étape la construction d’un vecteur navette ternaire levure-E. coli-A. tumefaciens et l’obtention d’un clone ADNc de l’ACLSV inoculable par agroinfiltration. Ces différentes stratégies devraient trouver une large application, en particulier pour tester plus rapidement des hypothèses d’étiologie pour les virus de plantes réputés "difficiles", tels que ceux infectant des hôtes ligneux. / The Flexiviridae family was created in 2004 and contains several viral genera affecting in particular woody hosts, including fruit trees. Using various strategies several new Flexiviridae have been partially characterized in the past few years. However, due to difficulties inherent in studying these agents, the precise taxonomic position of some of them and their contribution to particular diseases are still uncertain. In the present work, the complete genomic sequences of four Prunus-infecting Apricot latent virus (ApLV) like isolates have been determined. This has allowed to determine the genomic organization and the taxonomic position of these viruses. The results obtained also indicate that the C-terminal half of the coat protein and the TGBp1 are the genomic regions under the strongest purifying selection pressure. In the second part of this work, a set of approaches to simplify and streamline the construction of cloned or uncloned infectious full-length viral cDNAs were developed. working with several Flexiviridae and, in particular, with the Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), we have developed protocols allowing the one-step amplification from total nucleic acids extracts of full-length cDNAs. under the control of the CaMV 35S or phage T7 RNA polymerase promoters. Successful inoculation of plants with these uncloned amplification products was obtained by biolistic bombardment (35S promoter) or using in vitro synthesized RNA transcripts (T7 promoter). Results obtained showed significant differences in the behavior of the two ACLSV hosts, Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana occidentalis 37B. We also used the yeast homologous recombination system for the efficient cloning of full-length cDNAs and for the simultaneous one-step construction of a ternary yeast-E. coli-Agrobacterium tumefaciens shuttle vector and generation of an agroinfiltrable infectious ACLSV construct. These various strategies should find broad applications, in particular for the validation of etiological hypotheses in the case of “difficult” plant viruses, such as those infecting woody hosts.

Parmi les Prunus, genre botanique d’intérêt économique important, l’abricotier (Prunusarmeniaca L.) est une culture emblématique du Bassin Méditerranéen. Il y est soumis à des contraintes biotiques importantes, parmi lesquelles le dépérissement bactérien, causé par Pseudomonas syringae (Psy), peut mener à des phénomènes de mortalité en verger au niveau des régions à hivers froids et humides. La mise en évidence de différences variétales en verger offre potentiellement des perspectives de contrôle de la maladie à travers le levier génétique. Aussi, ce travail de thèse avait pour principaux objectifs (i) d’identifier chez la plante des régions génomiques liées à la résistance partielle à la bactérie et (ii) d’étudier un plan factoriel d’interaction entre les diversités de la plante et de la bactérie (GxG) afin d’apprécier la généricité de la résistance et sa durabilité. Afin de répondre au premier objectif, deux approches complémentaires ont été mobilisées : une cartographie de QRLs (Quantitative Resistance Loci) sur quatre populations biparentales dont trois sont issues du croisement avec un géniteur commun ainsi qu’une analyse d’association sur une core-collection. Les données phénotypiques mobilisées correspondent à des symptômes issus d’inoculations contrôlées ainsi que des notes de mortalité obtenues suite à infection naturelle en verger. Ces deux approches (analyse de liaison et d’association) ont permis de mettre en évidence 22 QRLs de résistance, parmi lesquels seuls 2 QRLs sur les chromosomes 6 et 7 colocalisent entre les deux approches. Deux régions majeures détectées en étude d’association sur les chromosomes 5 et 6 se sont révélées être en déséquilibre de liaison et contrôlent près de 26 et 43% de la variation des symptômes. Deux mécanismes complémentaires reposant sur le blocage de l’infection de Psy et sur la limitation de la progression locale de la bactérie dans les tissus ont été mis en évidence à travers la détection de QRLs sur les chromosomes 3, 6, 8 d’une part et 1,4et 6 d’autre part. Le second objectif a été abordé grâce à une étude d’un plan factoriel d’interaction entre 20 accessions d’abricotier et 9 souches de Psy, échantillonnées d’après la connaissance de l’épidémiologie de la maladie en verger. L’analyse statistique de ce dispositif mis en œuvre à la fois en verger et en laboratoire a démontré la prédominance de l’effet du facteur souche dans la variabilité des symptômes étudiés et la très faible importance du facteur d’interaction GxG, indiquant une potentielle généricité des facteurs de résistance et des perspectives favorables à leur durabilité en verger.Les résultats issus de cette thèse contribuent à offrir une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de résistance partielle au dépérissement bactérien de l’abricotier et fournissent des marqueurs et haplotypes, potentiellement mobilisables dans le cadre de programmes d’innovation variétale. / Within the genus Prunus, that contains highly valuable species, apricot (Prunusarmeniaca L.) is an emblematic Mediterranean crop. But apricot cultivation is constrainedby many biotic stresses, among which bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae(Psy) is particularly severe and can lead to the death of the trees in regions with humidand cold winters. Differences of susceptibilities have been observed between cultivars inorchards and create opportunities for disease management through genetic improvement.This thesis aimed to (i) identify genetic determinants linked to partial resistance to thebacterium and to (ii) study a factorial interaction design between both diversities of theplant and the pathogen (GxG interaction) in order to assess resistance genericity anddurability. With regard to the first objective, two complementary approaches were used :QRL (Quantitative Resistance Loci) mapping over four biparental progenies, amongwhich three were obtained with a cross involving a common genitor, and a genome-wideassociation study on a core-collection. The phenotypic data mobilized in this work rely onsymptoms issued from controlled inoculations and on mortality notations followingnatural infections in the orchard. These approaches led to the detection of 22 QRLs amongwhich only 2 QRLs, located on chromosomes 6 and 7, co-localized between the twomethods. Two main regions detected in the association study, over the chromosomes 5and 6, appeared to be in linkage disequilibrium and controlled 26 and 43% of the variationof the symptoms. A complementarity between two mechanisms, one that involves blockingthe infection of Psy and the other that limits bacterial mobility in the tissues has beenrevealed through the detection of QRLs over chromosomes 3, 6, 8 for one mechanism and1,4, 6 for the other, respectively. The second objective was fulfilled with a study of afactorial interaction design between 20 apricot accessions and 9 Psy strains, which weresampled according to the previous knowledge of the disease epidemiology in the orchard.Statistical analyses of phenotypic data obtained both from the orchard and a laboratorytest showed a clear predominance of the strain effect on symptom variability and a weakimportance of the GxG interaction factor. This last result highlighted a potentialgenericity of the resistance factors and favorable perspectives of durability in the orchard.The results issued from this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the mechanismsunderlying partial resistance of apricot to bacterial canker. Moreover, it provide markersand haplotypes of interest which could be mobilized in breeding programs.

6 pp. / Training and pruning newly-planted deciduous fruit trees is one of the most important steps in developing trees with a strong framework (scaffold branches). Trees with a good framework of branches can support heavy crops without limb breakage and will help to bring the young tree into production at an early age. Selection and arrangement of these branches determines the type of development and growth in later years. The goal of pruning and training is to balance vegetative and fruiting wood growth.

The objective of the Master's Thesis is an analysis of the marketing communication of the product 0,5l Kofola apricot. The thesis is divided into two parts: the theoretical and the practical one. In the theoretical part, there are basic terms, such as communication, the forms of commercial communication and new trends in the field of communication. The practical part contains a detailed description of the company Kofola a.s., its portfolio, its competitors and in this section, there are analyzed marketing communication of the launch 0,5l Kofola apricot. The main part covers a questionnaire survey. Based on the results, the author provides recommendations for improvement of the marketing communication and also recommendations for the future strategy of Kofola.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Actualmente, hay un progresivo interés por una dieta equilibrada y saludable, rica en frutas y verduras con un efecto positivo en la salud y, particularmente, con alto contenido en antioxidantes. Paralelamente existe una demanda, por parte del consumidor, de fruta de alta calidad que tenga un sabor equilibrado y que recuerde a las variedades tradicionales. Todo ello ha propiciado que los programas de mejora genética también tengan como objetivo la mejora de la calidad de la fruta, tanto en propiedades fisicoquímicas del fruto como de su perfil nutricional. Desde este punto de vista, el albaricoque es un fruto muy completo ya que es una fuente extraordinaria de fibra, vitaminas, compuestos fenólicos y ácidos orgánicos. Sus propiedades hacen posible su consumo tanto en fresco o como procesado, lo que es aprovechado por las industrias agroalimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética para la elaboración de una amplia variedad de productos. En el Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) se está llevando a cabo un programa de mejora para la obtención de nuevas variedades de albaricoquero que, además de solucionar factores que afectan directamente a la producción, como son la autocompatibilidad o resistencia a Sharka, también tiene por objetivo la mejora de la calidad de la fruta. Como primer paso en todo programa de mejora, en este trabajo se han identificado fuentes de variación entre la colección de accesiones del banco de germoplasma del IVIA, quedando detallada la composición del perfil para los principales azúcares, ácidos orgánicos, compuestos fenólicos y de vitamina C. Además, se ha identificado una mayor concentración de compuestos en la piel del fruto que en su pulpa, lo que hace de este tejido una fuente de compuestos de interés para la industria. Por otro lado, para un mejor conocimiento del control genético del metabolismo de azúcares, se estudió la expresión de los genes clave implicados en esta ruta (SUS, SPS y FK), relacionados con QTLs previamente descritos en materia de sólidos solubles. Además, también se reforzó el estudio con el correspondiente análisis filogenético entre diferentes especies, observándose el grado de conservación entre las mismas y confirmándose el alto grado de sintenia en el género Prunus. Con relación a los compuestos fenólicos, se ha analizado la expresión de genes implicados en puntos críticos de la ruta metabólica (DRF, PAL y FLS). Nuestros resultados revelaron que las variedades más rojizas se asocian a una mayor expresión de ParDFR y ParPAL2, así como también que las diferencias de expresión entre parálogos podría deberse a la presencia de un BOXCOREDLPAL, relacionado también con los genes implicados en la síntesis de antocianinas (ParDFR, ParFLS2 y ParPAL2). Paralelamente, también se estudió el efecto genético que ejerce sobre su descendencia la variedad 'Goldrich', uno de los principales genitores empleados en el programa de mejora para la introgresión de la resistencia a Sharka, concluyendo que favorece la concentración de neoclorogénico y clorogénico, así como en la expresión génica de ParPAL1. / [CA] Actualment, hi ha un progressiu interés per una dieta equilibrada i saludable, rica en fruites i verdures amb un efecte positiu en la salut i, particularment, amb alt contingut en antioxidants. Paral·lelament existeix una demanda, per part del consumidor, de fruita d'alta qualitat que tinga un sabor equilibrat i que recorde a les varietats tradicionals. Tot això, ha propiciat que els programes de millora genètica també tinguen com a objectiu la millora de la qualitat de la fruita, tant en propietats fisicoquímiques del fruit com del seu perfil nutricional. Des d'aquest punt de vista, l'albercoc és un fruit molt complet ja que és una font extraordinària de fibra, vitamines, compostos fenòlics i àcids orgànics. Les seues propietats fan possible el seu consum tant en fresc com processat, sent també aprofitat per les indústries agroalimentària, farmacèutica i cosmètica per a l'elaboració d'una àmplia varietat de productes. A l'Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries (IVIA) s'està duent a terme un programa de millora per a l'obtenció de noves varietats d'albercoquer que, a més de solucionar factors que afecten directament la producció, com són l'autocompatibilitat o resistència a Sharka, també té per objectiu la millora de la qualitat de la fruita. Com a primer pas en qualsevol programa de millora, en aquest treball s'han identificat fonts de variació entre la col·lecció d'accessions del banc de germoplasma de l'IVIA, quedant detallada la composició del perfil per als principals sucres, àcids orgànics, compostos fenòlics i de vitamina C. A més, s'ha identificat una major concentració de compostos en la pell del fruit que en la seua polpa, convertint aquest teixit en una font de compostos d'interés per a la indústria. D'altra banda, per a un millor coneixement del control genètic del metabolisme de sucres, es va estudiar l'expressió dels gens clau implicats en aquesta ruta (SUS, SPS i FK), relacionats amb QTLs prèviament descrits en matèria de sòlids solubles. A més, també es va reforçar l'estudi amb la corresponent anàlisi filogenètica entre diferents espècies, observant-se el grau de conservació entre les mateixes i confirmant-se l'alt grau de sintenia al gènere Prunus. En relació amb els compostos fenòlics, s'ha analitzat l'expressió de gens implicats en punts crítics de la ruta metabòlica (DRF, PAL i FLS). Els nostres resultats van revelar que les varietats més vermelles s'associen a una major expressió de ParDFR i ParPAL2, així com també que les diferències d'expressió entre paràlogs podria deure's a la presència d'un BOXCOREDLPAL, relacionat també amb els gens implicats en la síntesi de antocianines (ParDFR, ParFLS2 i ParPAL2). Paral·lelament, també es va estudiar l'efecte genètic que exerceix sobre la seua descendència la varietat 'Goldrich', un dels principals genitors empleats al programa de millora per a la introgressió de la resistència a Sharka, concloent que afavoreix la concentració de neoclorogènic i clorogènic, així com en l'expressió gènica de ParPAL1. / [EN] Nowadays, there is a growing interest in a balanced and healthy diet, rich in fruit and vegetables with a positive effect on health and, particularly, with high antioxidant content. Simultaneously exists a consumer demand for high quality fruit with a balanced flavour and reminiscent of traditional varieties. As a result, breeding programmes are also aimed at improving the quality of the fruit, both in terms of the physicochemical properties of the fruit and its nutritional profile. From this point of view, the apricot is a complete fruit as far it is an extraordinary source of fibre, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and organic acids. Apricot properties make it possible to consume fruits both fresh and processed, which is exploited by the agri-food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for the production of a wide variety of products. At the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) a breeding program is carrying out to obtain new apricot varieties but also to solve factors that directly affect production, such as self-compatibility or resistance to Sharka, but also is aimed to improve fruit quality. As the first step in any breeding program, this work has identified sources of variation among the collection of accessions in the IVIA's apricot collection, detailing the composition profiles for the main sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and vitamin C. In addition, a higher concentration of compounds has been identified in the peel than in the flesh, which makes this tissue a source of compounds of interest for the industry. On the other hand, for a better knowledge of the genetic control of sugar metabolism, the expression of the key genes involved in this pathway (SUS, SPS and FK), related to QTLs previously described in soluble solids, was studied. In addition, the study was also supported with the corresponding phylogenetic analysis among different species, revealing the level of conservation among them and confirming the high level of synteny in the genus Prunus. Regarding phenolic compounds, the expression of genes involved in critical points of the metabolic pathway (DRF, PAL and FLS) was analysed. Our results revealed that the red-blushed accessions are associated with a higher expression of ParDFR and ParPAL2, and the expression differences among paralogues could be due to the presence of a BOXCOREDLPAL, also related to genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis (ParDFR, ParFLS2 and ParPAL2). Simultaneously, the genetic effect in the offspring of 'Goldrich', one of the main genitors used at the breeding program for the introgression of Sharka resistance, was also studied. Results revealed that it improves the concentration of neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids, as well as the genetic expression of ParPAL1. / Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a la ayuda predoctoral FPI-INIA-2015, del Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), bajo el proyecto FPI2015-0042 con la denominación ‘CPD2015-0245 Mejora sostenible de albaricoquero y melocotonero’ y desarrollado en el Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), dependiente de la Generalitat Valenciana. / Gómez Martínez, H. (2021). Variation of Fruit Quality Traits in Apricot as Sources for Nutraceutical Breeding [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/178973 / TESIS / Compendio

The aim of presented diploma thesis was to determination of authenticity of fruit baby foods for early infant feeding using molecular methods. In the experimental part, isolation kit was used for isolation of plant DNA from fruits (strawberry, apricot, raspberry, apple) and from six commercial fruit products for children. Isolated DNA was characterized and verified using PCR methods with primers specific for plant rDNA (ITS2). Specific primer pairs were designed to amplify DNA for the detection of one fruit species. Primer specificity was assessed with four fruit species. A mixture of fruit puree from the two fruits was used to determine the sensitivity of the multiplex PCR assay. Six commercial fruit products were evaluated to verify the applicability of the multiplex PCR assay. The methodology of molecular detection of fruit DNA by qPCR and multiplex qPCR (duplex) includes approaches, which enable to detect two fruits (strawberry-raspberry, apricot-apple) in one reaction and thus reduces time and money requirements.

The main aim of my thesis is to create sustainable local food production in Jaroslavice region. This region is situated near the Austria – Czechia border. The political changes of previous century influenced this rural location a lot. Changes resulted in socioeconomic degradation of this area. My project tends to shorten production connections between producers and consumers. It also takes the part with local farmers and farmer´s market. My architecture proposal is a building of regional food center focused on fruit production. The main fruits are apples, apricots and pitches according to the local climate conditions. The center has three main parts – processing, storage and retail.