This present thesis seeks to account for the UAE's remarkable socio-economic development path while also attempting to explain the survival of the state's seemingly anachronistic political structures. In doing so, the thesis proceeds to set up a multi-layered framework drawing upon and reconciling elements of the two major schools of development theory. Specifically, a dependency analysis is used to demonstrate the UAE's inherited situation, including the region's historic peripheralisation, its early rentier structures, and the external reinforcement of a client elite; while a combination of rentier-dependency models and revised modernisation theories are used to illustrate the way in which the UAE's contemporary monarchies have managed to consolidate their position and secure considerable political stability, which is itself an important prerequisite of the modernisation process. With regard to the recent attempts of these 'modernising monarchies' to improve die more negative aspects of their dependency situation, it is shown that while there have been successes there have also been serious development pathologies, and in many ways these must be regarded as the hidden costs of escaping the inevitability of early modernisation predictions and the demise of tradition. Essentially, viewed within a Weberian variant of modernisation theory, the strengthening of the structures which allowed for the stability in the first place can in many cases be seen to have gone too far and has now made legal-rational objectives difficult to achieve. Finally, however, it is suggested that greater modernisation, especially in the form of positive globalising forces, may still provide solutions for these problems. Indeed, while die first wave of globalisation may have reinforced entrenched dependency structures, there are nevertheless clear indications that something of a second wave may well lead to liberalising reforms, a more diversified economy, and a stronger civil society.

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This thesis is an analytical study of the League of Arab States regional human rights system. It involves an examination of the League's concept of human rights as represented in the League's two draft instruments - the draft Arab Declaration of Human Rights and the draft Arab Convention on Human Rights - as well as its machinery of implementation as represented in the Permanent Arab Commission on Human Rights. Our analysis of the League's human rights is conducted in the light of the political, cultural and ideological factors prevailing in the Arab world. The League's failure to establish an effective regional human rights system is due largely to its inherent limitations and to the constant negative attitudes of Arab States toward human rights protection. Unless some drastic changes in these determinate factors take place, the situation is likely to remain the same in years to come. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

This thesis examines the antisystemic writing of Wajdi Mouawad and Rawi Hage, two of the most compelling authors to emerge out of the Lebanese-Canadian diaspora. In their Canadian setting, the writers’ politics of unbelonging serves a countercultural purpose by rearticulating the race, class, and gender disparities eschewed in multicultural discourse. As writers of a growing Lebanese diaspora, they recall the collective injuries sustained during the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990) and which remain underexamined by Lebanese society and government. In this way, Mouawad and Hage assume a subversive position in both the Lebanese and the Canadian contexts by reinscribing histories and experiences that risk erasure. In my analysis of Mouawad’s play Scorched and Mouawad’s novels De Niro’s Game and Cockroach, the differential allocation of precarity and grievability proves the common thread that runs through all three texts. Mouawad and Hage’s representation of their character’s disproportionate exposure to harm and suffering coincides with the broader claims of antisystemic politics. My intervention brackets these texts’ thematic concerns with the critical theories that best explain some of Mouawad and Hage’s more radical depictions of immigrants under duress.

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The purpose of this study is to apply the monetary approach to the determination of international reserve flows to major Arab oil-exporting countries. These are Iraq, Kuwait, Libya and Saudi Arabia. / Well-defined and stable demand for and supply of money functions must exist for the monetary approach to have predictive power for reserve flows. This study found that the demand for real balances in the designated countries was a stable function of real income and the rate of inflation. In examining the money supply process, the main determinants of the monetary base and hence the money supply proved to be net foreign assets and government expenditures. / This thesis extends the empirical analysis of international reserve flows by providing empirical tests of a two-area model for the small country case. Our empirical results supported the main propositions of the monetary approach to the balance of payments about the effect of the demand for and the supply of money on reserve flows. The growth in domestic price, domestic income and world money supply exerted a positive impact on the reserve flows, while the growth in world income, interest rates, money multiplier and domestic assets had negative impact. The results also supported the validity of the assumption concerning unified world goods markets.

A gap exists in the literature regarding the needs, concerns, and overall experiences of Arab American parents of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Al Khatib, 2017; Goforth, 2011; Haboush, 2007). This study explored the experiences of five Arab American mothers of children with ASD. A qualitative interview approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, was used in order to investigate Arab American parents’ experiences of caring for children with ASD, their cultural beliefs and understandings of their children’s ASD, and their concerns and needs regarding their children. Six themes emerged from the interview data, which offered insight into Arab American parents’ unique experiences of caring for a child with ASD, including (1) parents’ journeys toward the acceptance of the diagnosis of ASD, (2) beliefs about the cause of autism, (3) concerns, (4) needs, (5) coping techniques, and (6) unanticipated positive effects. Findings of this study and aspects related to Arab cultural beliefs with the ASD diagnostic process are discussed in detail, as well as implications of the findings for the field of special education and recommendation for future research.

The purpose of this thesis is to compare the works of contemporary Arab British and Arab American women novelists with a view toward delineating a poetics of the more nascent Arab British literature. I argue that there is a tendency among Arab British women novelists to foreground and advocate trans-cultural dialogue and cross-ethnic identification strategies in a more pronounced approach than their Arab American counterparts who tend, in turn, to employ literary strategies to resist stereotypes and misconceptions about Arab communities in American popular culture. I argue that these differences result from two diverse racialized Arab immigration and settlement patterns on both sides of the Atlantic. Chapter One looks at how Arab British novelist Fadia Faqir's My Name is Salma and Arab American novelist Diana Abu-Jaber's Arabian Jazz define Arabness differently in the light of the precarious position Arabs occupy in ethnic and racial discourses in Britain and in the United States. Chapter Two examines how Arab British women writers Ahdaf Soueif and Leila Aboulela valorize trans-cultural and cross-ethnic dialogues and alliances in their novels The Map of Love and Minaret respectively through engaging with the two (interlocking) strands of feminism in the Arab world: secular and Islamic feminisms. In Chapter Three, I demonstrate how the two novels of Arab American women writers Diana Abu-Jaber's Crescent and Laila Halaby's West of the Jordan explore the contradictions of Arab American communities from within and employ strategies of intertextuality and storytelling to subvert stereotypes about Arabs. As this study is interested in exploring the historical and socio-political contexts in which Arab women writers on both sides of the Atlantic produce their work, the conclusion investigates how the two sets of authors have represented, from an Arab perspective, the events of 9/11 and the ensuing war on terror in their novels.