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Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / "Over the last few decades, a number of Islamist groups, some listed as terrorist, have increasingly participated in political elections and shown a pattern of moderation. What explains the move away from violence to achieve group goals? Analyzing three cases, Hizbullah in Lebanon, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, and Hamas in the occupied Palestinian territories, this thesis examines the causes of moderation and willingness to participate in existing political structures. Using aspects of social movement theory, it is argued that institutionalization and interests of maintaining membership explain why, when political opportunities arise, Islamist groups take the democratic path and forego violence. The conclusions aid in promoting democracy in the region by demonstrating when Islamist groups are willing to participate in formal politics."--p. i.

This dissertation conceptualizes a Palestinian archipelago based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the chronotope, and uses the archipelago model to illustrate the situation and development of Palestinian consciousness in diaspora. To gain insight into the personal lives of Palestinians in diaspora, This project highlights several islands of Palestinian identities as represented in the novels: Dancing Arabs, A Compass for the Sunflower, and The Inheritance. The identities of the characters in these works are organized according to the archipelago model, which illustrates how the characters rediscover, repress, or change their identities in order to accommodate life in diaspora. Analysis reveals that a major goal of Palestinian existence in diaspora is the maintenance of an authentic Palestinian identity. Therefore, my description of the characters’ identities and locations in the archipelago model are informed by various scholars and theories of nationalism. Moreover, this dissertation illustrates how different Palestinian identities coalesce into a single national consciousness that has been created and sustained by a collective experience of suffering and thirst for sense of belonging and community among Palestinians. Foremost in the memories of all Palestinians is the memory of the land of Palestine and the dream of national restoration; these are the main uniting factors between Palestinians revealed in my analysis. Furthermore, this project presents an argument that developing a Palestinian exceptionalism as both a response and a solution to the problems Palestine faced in the 20th century has already occurred among diasporic Palestinians as well as those settled in the West Bank. In addition, a significant finding of this dissertation is the generation clash in regarding to the methods of modernization of the West Bank society between the settled Palestinian and those returning from diaspora. Nevertheless, a Palestinian homecoming will require a renegotiation of Palestinian identities in which generation gaps and other disagreements will be resolved and transcended in favor of nation-state building.

Tous les présidents américains depuis Lyndon Johnson sont devenus profondément impliqués dans la diplomatie entourant le conflit israélo-arabe,car si les Etats-Unis jouent son rôle de médiateur habile, peut également contribuer à la résolution du différend entre Israël et ses voisins arabes.Compte tenu de la complexité du défi, la politique américaine a montré une remarquable constance et succès surprenants. L’Égypte et Israël sont en paix avec l'autre et sont à la fois ami proche des Etats-Unis.Plus récemment, d'autres partis arabes ont commencé à négocier avec Israël sous égide américaine. L'un des points sur lesquels les présidents des deux partis politiques ont convenu, c'est que d'un rôle américain en faveur de la paix israélo-arabe est compatible avec les intérêts nationaux américains.Nous fournissons une étude détaillée de la politique américaine à l'égard du conflit israélo-arabe de la crise qui a abouti à la guerre de Juin 1967 jusqu'à la signature du traité de paix en 1979 à Camp DavidElle évalue l'approche initiale de chaque administration pour le problème de la paix, ainsi que l'évolution de la politique comme il a affronté les réalités tenaces de la région et les champs de mines de la controverse politique intérieure. / All US presidents since Lyndon Johnson became deeply involved in the diplomacy surrounding the Arab-Israeli conflict.In view of the complexity of the challenge, US policy has shown remarkable consistency and surprising success. Egypt and Israel are at peace with each other and are both close friends of the United States.More recently, other Arab parties began to negotiate with Israel under US auspices. One of the points on which the presidents of both political parties agreed was that of an American role for the Arab-Israeli peace is consistent with US national interests.We provide a detailed study of American policy toward the Arab-Israeli conflict from the June 1967 war to the peace treaty of Camp David in 1979 .It assesses the initial approach of each administration to the problem of peace, and the evolution of politics as it faced the tough realities of the region and the minefield of domestic political controversy.Suggérer une modification

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 370-433).

Thesis (M.A.)--Jāmi'at Bayrūt al-'Arabiyah, 1977. / Added t.p.: The class structure of Palestinians in Lebanon. Summary in English. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 349-358.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of London. / Includes bibliographical references.

At the beginning of the twelfth century the city of Pisa led an expedition against the Arabs in the Balearic islands in the guise of a crusade. Soon after the return of the victorious Pisans to their city an epic, approximately 3,500 hexameters in length, was written in Latin recording their glorious deeds. This poem, the Liber Maiorichinus, is heavily indebted to the epics of classical Rome for its imagery, and to the major classical epicists, Vergil in particular, for its language. The wealth of detail found in the poem concerning the expedition's route, its course of action and the characters who participated in it suggests that the author himself was a member of the expedition. Both of these aspects of the poem are discussed in the introduction to this thesis. The poem was revised soon after its composition; the revision, which was authorial, increased the classical content of the poem and added more detailed information about the expedition. A Pisan tradition maintains that the epic was composed by Henry of Pisa. Of the three manuscripts which contain a text of the Liber Maiorichinus, one, the oldest, contains no indication of the author's identity; the other two manuscripts suggest that Laurentius Veronensis was the author. Writers at the end of the last century and in the first twenty years of this century concentrated their research upon the identity of the poem's author. An outline of their conclusions is included in this thesis. The greater part of this thesis consists of a critical edition of the Liber Maiorichinus with a translation into English. None of the previous editions of the poem are critical ones, and no translation has been available in any language.