This study seeks to investigate the impact of architectural icons on the cities that they are built in, especially those in Dubai to understand the perceptions and associations of ordinary people with these icons, thus analysing their impact on the quality of life in the city. This is an important study with the advent of ‘iconism’ in architecture that has a growing acceptance and demand, wherein the status of a piece of architecture is predetermined as an icon by the media and not necessarily by the people. There is no denying that the fastest means of appearing on the world map is through icons, which Dubai evidently achieved, and there are many supporters of this phenomenon as a means of progress and development, the bonus being instant fame and status. But the symbolism employed in these icons, specifically for this part of the world, many argue may not be relevant to the people or the region, thus leading to a loss of identity and sense of belonging that is a vital component in the overall sense of pride. This study thus evaluates architecture as a service industry that is not only to satisfy the personal egos of the architects or the clients. It has an important role to leave a mark on the end users and not only on the glossy architectural journals. The study presents views on what really leaves a mark on the people’s memory, addressing the scale, the grandness, the location, the size, the technology and the materials that may or may not contribute to the iconic status of an architectural project from the people’s perspective. Further the study investigates if an icon is one that could be a forced landmark or it is one that people associate with, relate to and one that gives them the sense of belonging and pride, binding them together. The expressive iconic forms with the metaphors emerging, may or may not add to the quality of a place, create places of spaces or it may result in more of form accommodating functions.Thus it is imperative to understand that though today Dubai with its multiple icons that are jewels in the crown of Dubai, reflecting awe and splendor, what does this architecture do for the people and thus in leaving an imprint on the peoples mind collectively. The study analyzes the dimensions that make certain kind of architecture stand out. Some of these dimensions are physical and others are difficult to measure, thus it addresses the tangible and intangible factors that result in the icon and the associated symbolism with it. The relevance and meaning of these symbols will have to stand the test of time to leave an ever-lasting impression on generations to come. The literature review was the first part of the study and the theoretical studies were divided into three pivot areas in this thesis: evolution of architecture as signs and symbols, international iconic architecture and its impact, architecture as identity through symbolism. The study also focusses on Dubai as an emerging iconic city concentrating on the needs of people and impact of these icons on people specifically, further highlighting the issues of legibility, context and identity in Dubai. The empirical study examines this argument about iconic architecture through questionnaires and interviews. A comparison is drawn between different segments of people in the community, one set of samples being those who are closely associated with these icons through the process of decision making or building, the others who have very minimal knowledge and association with these icons. The findings thus indicate both the well-established criteria for awarding an iconic status and also the intangible often ignored aspects in iconic image building. Thus, the study suggests a paradigm that could provide more human based elements in the iconic architecture and the selected symbols in representing these icons. Certain recommendations supporting the perception of people towards icons, their needs and local considerations are further made to make cities more liveable and joyful for the people they are intended for.

This study examines the process of establishing and building the new South African Constitutional Court as the first intervention in the development of the Constitutional Hill precinct and as part of an endeavour aimed at creating a new national identity. The argument is reliant on the premise that an agency, in this case the judges of the constitutional court, actively seeking out means of transforming space and place and transferring significances in heritage resources, has contributed self-consciously in the process of social transformation. The study is intended to be descriptive of a social reality and explanatory of a special atypical case. Pierre Nora's seminal concept involving lieux de mémoire, their spatial and material potential, and the means by which lieux are formed and retained as lieux (memory objects/vessels/vestiges of heritage) has framed this study. The premise that space and place embodies and transmits concepts of cultural heritage has inspired ongoing and complimentary theories of the ways in which the built environment manifests narratives of power and the role of place in memory. Nora's lieux are social creations often involving built form and it is clear that historically significant built form can be used in social endeavors which contribute to the creation of a society's identity. Research and analysis of the Constitutional Court archive, selected published critique, examination of the artefact itself and by means of interviews with key professional individuals who participated in the programme of the building of the new Constitutional Court, all contribute to an exposure of the process of the endeavour of the judges of the Constitutional Court to establish a “lieux of cultural identity”.

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Esse estudo se configura como um intento de deslindar uma mirada sobre a arquitetura brasileira a partir das estratégias discursivas postas em curso no processo de sua objetivação. Mais especificamente, nos interessa problematizar os discursos e representações que entre meados do século XIX e a década de 1930 se elaboraram em torno do tópico da identidade arquitetônica, inextricável das questões de formação nacional no sentido mais amplo dessa ideia, cultural, racial e histórica, e que se apresentaram em dados momentos e sob certas contingências como interpretações legítimas do que seria nacional, brasileiro, próprio e peculiar em arquitetura, buscando assim assegurar-lhes um lugar privilegiado de enunciação. Para tanto, consideramos oportuna e profícua uma aproximação dos debates no campo arquitetônico àqueles conduzidos em torno da questão da nação e da identidade nacional, na perspectiva da investigação dos diálogos, deslizamentos conceituais e imbricações entre arquitetura e pensamento social brasileiro em temas como nação, identidade, influência do meio, raça, herança portuguesa, etc., e seu sentido formativo nas representações da arquitetura brasileira, arranjados no esforço de fixação de uma feição peculiarmente brasileira na arquitetura.Operando de forma produtiva uma investigação assente no reconhecimento das imbricações, diálogos, afinidades conceituais e teóricas entre, de um lado, um campo disciplinar com elementos historicamente constituídos como a arquitetura e a vasta e rica produção intelectual desdobrada das inquietações de artistas, arquitetos, engenheiros, historiadores, pensadores sociais, etc., acerca da formação brasileira, em cujo cerne do emaranhado teórico e conceitual daí resultante se pode entrever a centralidade que o discernimento de uma identidade constituída ocupou historicamente nas reflexões sobre o país. / This study is designed as an attempt to unravel a glance on Brazilian architecture from the discursive strategies put in their way in the process of objectification. More specifically interested in questioning the discourses and representations between the mid-nineteenth century and the 1930s was developed around the topic of architectural identity, inextricable from questions of national training in the broadest sense of this idea, cultural, racial, historical, and who performed at certain times and under certain contingencies as legitimate interpretations of what is \"national\", \"Brazilian\", \"own\" and \"peculiar\" in architecture, thus seeking to ensure them a privileged place of enunciation. To this end, we consider an approach and fruitful discussions in the architectural field to those conducted on the issue of nation and national identity from the perspective of research of the dialogues, landslides and conceptual overlaps between architecture and Brazilian social thought on issues such as nation, identity Influence of environment, race, Portuguese heritage, etc. Operating productively a research based on recognition of superposes, dialogues, conceptual and theoretical affinities between, on the one hand, a disciplinary field consisting of elements like architecture, manipulating formal languages within a universe of possibilities, and on the other hand, the vast and rich intellectual production of sawn of anxieties, architects, engineers, artists, historians, social thinkers, etc., about the \"Brazilian\" nation-building in the heart of the theoretical and conceptual tangle resulting can glimpse the centrality that wisdom of an identity formed historically occupied in reflections on the nation.

Esse estudo se configura como um intento de deslindar uma mirada sobre a arquitetura brasileira a partir das estratégias discursivas postas em curso no processo de sua objetivação. Mais especificamente, nos interessa problematizar os discursos e representações que entre meados do século XIX e a década de 1930 se elaboraram em torno do tópico da identidade arquitetônica, inextricável das questões de formação nacional no sentido mais amplo dessa ideia, cultural, racial e histórica, e que se apresentaram em dados momentos e sob certas contingências como interpretações legítimas do que seria nacional, brasileiro, próprio e peculiar em arquitetura, buscando assim assegurar-lhes um lugar privilegiado de enunciação. Para tanto, consideramos oportuna e profícua uma aproximação dos debates no campo arquitetônico àqueles conduzidos em torno da questão da nação e da identidade nacional, na perspectiva da investigação dos diálogos, deslizamentos conceituais e imbricações entre arquitetura e pensamento social brasileiro em temas como nação, identidade, influência do meio, raça, herança portuguesa, etc., e seu sentido formativo nas representações da arquitetura brasileira, arranjados no esforço de fixação de uma feição peculiarmente brasileira na arquitetura.Operando de forma produtiva uma investigação assente no reconhecimento das imbricações, diálogos, afinidades conceituais e teóricas entre, de um lado, um campo disciplinar com elementos historicamente constituídos como a arquitetura e a vasta e rica produção intelectual desdobrada das inquietações de artistas, arquitetos, engenheiros, historiadores, pensadores sociais, etc., acerca da formação brasileira, em cujo cerne do emaranhado teórico e conceitual daí resultante se pode entrever a centralidade que o discernimento de uma identidade constituída ocupou historicamente nas reflexões sobre o país. / This study is designed as an attempt to unravel a glance on Brazilian architecture from the discursive strategies put in their way in the process of objectification. More specifically interested in questioning the discourses and representations between the mid-nineteenth century and the 1930s was developed around the topic of architectural identity, inextricable from questions of national training in the broadest sense of this idea, cultural, racial, historical, and who performed at certain times and under certain contingencies as legitimate interpretations of what is \"national\", \"Brazilian\", \"own\" and \"peculiar\" in architecture, thus seeking to ensure them a privileged place of enunciation. To this end, we consider an approach and fruitful discussions in the architectural field to those conducted on the issue of nation and national identity from the perspective of research of the dialogues, landslides and conceptual overlaps between architecture and Brazilian social thought on issues such as nation, identity Influence of environment, race, Portuguese heritage, etc. Operating productively a research based on recognition of superposes, dialogues, conceptual and theoretical affinities between, on the one hand, a disciplinary field consisting of elements like architecture, manipulating formal languages within a universe of possibilities, and on the other hand, the vast and rich intellectual production of sawn of anxieties, architects, engineers, artists, historians, social thinkers, etc., about the \"Brazilian\" nation-building in the heart of the theoretical and conceptual tangle resulting can glimpse the centrality that wisdom of an identity formed historically occupied in reflections on the nation.

This dissertation grapples with the making of identity in contemporary Tshwane, South Africa. Through this discourse, a number of issues, informants & responses are identified & developed as means of extracting identity from a cosmopolitan society. This extrapolation is undertaken as a means of reinvigorating the chosen study area as active public space, playing a role in informing both public & cultural discourse. At this dissertation's conclusion, a unique architectural response will be presented, dealing with issues such as identity, memory, globalisation, & context. In grappling with these issues, this dissertation will add to a contextual architectural discourse concerning the public realm, & cultural interactions in South Africa. / Die skripsie probeer die kwessie rondom die skepping van identiteit in kontemporêre Tshwane, Suid Afrika, behandel. Deur die ondersoek van die bogenoemde kwessie, word veeltallige probleme, insigte en reaksies geidentifiseer en ontwikkel,om deur sulke wyse identiteit vanuit die kosmopolitaanse gemeenskap te identifiseer. Deur wyse van hierdie ekstrapolasie word die heraktivering van die verkose studie area as n aktiewe publieke ruimte ondersoek, asook die rol wat dit speel daarin om publike en kulturele ruimtes te beinvloed deur verhandeling. Die slot van hierdie skripsie sal n unieke argitektoniese reaksie uitbeeld, wat die kwessies van identiteit, nagedagtenis, globalisering en kontektualiteit aanspreek. Deur die verhandeling van die bogenoemde kwessies, sal die skripsie n bydrae lewer tot die kontektuele argitektoniese gesprek rondom die publieke ryk en kulturele wisselwerking en interaksie in hedendaagse Suid Afrika. / Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der Identitäts ndung im zeitgenössischen Tshwane, Südafrika. Durch diesen Diskurs werden eine Reihe von emen, Informanten und Antworten identi ziert und als Mittel entwickelt, um Identität aus einer kosmopolitischen Gesellschaft herauszuholen. Diese Extrapolation dient der Wiederbelebung des gewählten Untersuchungsgebietes als aktiver ö¨entlicher Raum und spielt in dem Sinne eine Rolle den ö¨entlichen und kulturellen Diskurs zu informieren. Am Ende dieser Dissertation wird eine einzigartige architektonische Antwort präsentiert, die sich mit emen wie Identität, Gedächtnis, Globalisierung und Kontext befasst. Diese Dissertation wird zu einem kontextuellen architektonischen Diskurs über den ö¨entlichen Bereich und kulturelle Interaktionen in Südafrika beitragen. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21078号 / 工博第4442号 / 新制||工||1690(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 川﨑 雅史, 教授 宇野 伸宏, 准教授 山口 敬太 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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