El presente trabajo es un análisis que indaga sobre la vigencia de lo nacional-popular en la literatura argentina del siglo XXI, tomando como caso la obra Cría de asesinos, de Andrés Rivera (2004). Partiendo del concepto de matriz de pensamiento (Argumedo, 1996) y a través de categorías claves como sujetos sociales, identidades colectivas, significaciones culturales, idea de Historia, valor de lo nacional e idea de Estado, se configura un trabajo que supone resolver el interrogante inicial, determinado si la obra analizada se enmarca dentro de una matriz nacional-popular. / Programa de investigación: Comunicación y Arte

El presente trabajo se aboca a analizar obras de autores argentinos pertenecientes al género policial negro, escritas y/o publicadas entre 1976 y 1986 bajo la hipótesis que a través de la ficción denuncian la realidad sociopolítica de esos años. Con ese objetivo se analizan conceptos como, Estado, justicia, delito, violencia, exilio, víctima-victimario, etc.; y su tratamiento en las obras de este tipo de narrativa. La intención es demostrar cómo, a través de un relato ficcional, los autores seleccionados que incursionaron en el género denunciaron, narrando con realismo, situaciones propias de un país bajo un gobierno dictatorial, que aplicaba una fuerte censura en los medios de comunicación y la literatura. El recorte temporal incluye el período 1976-1983 de dictadura y se extiende por tres años más. Con el fin de evaluar el impacto en esta narrativa de los primeros años de denuncia pública, ya sin censura, y juzgamiento de las violaciones a los derechos humanos perpetrados por el gobierno de facto. / Programa de investigación: Comunicación y Arte

No description available.

No description available.

Quienes han sido seguidores de la obra de Ezequiel Martínez Estrada pueden advertir que son numerosos los estudios acerca de él y de su obra, pero creemos que la validación de sus textos reside en su perdurabilidad. Por esta razón debe seguir estudiándoselo a la luz de las incitaciones críticas recientes que en este caso devienen en cuestiones geneticistas. Es a partir de los pretextos que obran en la Fundación Martínez Estrada y de los artículos y obras éditas del autor, que podemos observar el proceso de escritura desde la mirada de la crítica genética y la reflexión metalingüística. La importancia de las investigaciones de genética textual en los archivos de grandes escritores contribuyen a proporcionar un ámbito de reflexión concreto sobre los objetivos y métodos de la crítica genética, los cuales arrojan luz sobre los procesos de creación. De este modo, el estudio de un caso particular de escritura en un autor fundamental para pensar la tradición ensayística argentina, abrirá un campo productivo para el abordaje de nuevos documentos y para futuros estudios en torno del autor y de su obra. En esta investigación nos ocuparemos de la reescritura del <i>Sarmiento</i> que Ezequiel Martínez Estrada realiza sobre la edición de Argos de 1946. Aunque en el transcurso de esta investigación hemos localizado un número importante de pre-textos que describimos más adelante, afrontar su estudio resulta imposible en el marco de esta tesis de maestría, dado que excede los límites de la misma. Sin embargo esto dará la posibilidad de realizar otras investigaciones de más largo alcance.

Considering the specific experiences of Chile and Argentina, this study undertakes the analysis of economic liberalization policies from a "credibility constraint" perspective. Building on the assumption that, in a context interdependence, one of the essential conditions for economic development is the attraction of foreign capital, it suggests that confidence-seeking is a major concern constraining the rest of the government's activities. From these premises, the thesis addresses the socio-political consequences of this quest for credibility and provides an analysis of these criteria's compatibility with democratic and authoritarian rule. In this endeavor, the project relies on a comparative observation of four case studies to establish that notwithstanding regime type, the success of economic liberalization depends primarily on the satisfaction of the socio-political requirements for credibility. The results are clear: both types of regimes are in a position to fulfill these requirements although this may have considerable consequences on the economic well-being of substantial sections of the population.

The origins of the labour movement in Argentina have received little detailed attention from historians, who have generally neglected the years before 1930 in favour of developments associated with Perón and Peronism. Such secondary literature as does exist consists largely of personal memoirs. Moreover, most studies have examined these early years from a general standpoint, regarding the period as a prelude to Peronism instead of treating it in its own right. Detailed analysis of the subject is still in its early stages. The origins of Argentine labour organisation date from the period of rapid economic expansion and mass immigration before 1914. The footplatemen's union was founded in 1887, and a relative wealth of documentary material testifies to the durable and stable growth of organisation in this sector; the vicissitudes of organisation in other railway trades can also be traced from the various working class journals. The railway sector was crucial to the export economy and the growth of the beef and wheat markets, as has been emphasised in economic histories of Argentina. By contrast, the history of railway trade unions and the development of industrial relations on the railways have been neglected. This thesis sets out to fulfil two necessary functions. No adequate basic account of the origins and development of Argentine railway unions exists outside the official union histories. These provide a somewhat tendentious picture, responding to policy needs at the time of writing and relying heavily on hindsight. Thus the first part of my thesis provides a narrative outline of the struggles between 1887, when the footplate union La Fraternidad was founded, and 1922, when the general rail union was consolidated in its present form as Unión Ferroviaria. These chapters trace the steady growth of La Fraternidad from its original, inward-looking base to its eventual standing as an influential and effective craft union. This development contrasts with the difficulties attendant on the organisation of a lasting general rail union for other trades. The initial success and ultimate collapse of the Railwaymen's Confederation (1902-1908), and the transformation of the Railway Workers' Federation (FOF) into a solid counterpart to La Fraternidad in 1922 illustrate the practical problems and ideological dilemmas faced by unions and their organisers in the period. At the same time, particular attention is given to the history of the large-scale strike movements on the railways of 1896, 1907-1908, 1912 and 1917, which are discussed with lesser railway disputes in the context of other contemporary labour unrest. The second purpose of this thesis is to examine the broad themes which emerge consistently from the narrative account. In this way, the particular development of organised railway labour provides a framework for consideration of more general aspects of the early Argentine labour movement. The ideological formation of the union movement is considered with reference to the railwayman's case. This entails discussion of the nature of the immigrant influence in unions and the reasons why political parties (Socialists, Communists and Radicals) failed to dominate labour organisation. Anarchism, generally accepted as a dominant union ideology in Argentina, is reassessed and shown to have been considerably tempered by practical considerations. It was largely superseded by syndicalism, whose growth is explained in terms of changes in union structure and aspirations, which in turn responded to the development of the economy. Large and successful unions dominated a syndicalist movement which between 1915 and 1921 - years of many important industrial conflicts - was exceptionally reformist. Syndicalist unions controlled a greater proportion of the organised working class in Argentina than anywhere else in the world at this time; for this reason their successful anti-political but reformist attitudes and organisation deserve extensive examination. Closely connected with the nature of Argentine union ideology is the question of the relationship between unions and the government; the development of this relationship is a key to the understanding of the union movement to this day. It emerges from this study that the government was concerned with the 'social question' and its possible political implications from the turn of the century. Moreover, despite repressive legislation and revolutionary union rhetoric, there was extensive contact between labour leaders and government officials from an early date. The railwaymen, consistently regarded as a special case, were increasingly protected by legislation on pensions and conditions of work, but in spite of government pressure they resisted efforts to restrict freedom of union action. While exceptional because of their strategic economic role, railway workers still qualify as pioneers of the use by unions of legal remedies and state institutions for their own benefit. The subordination of ideological to practical considerations caused the railway unions to adopt centralised organisation, contrary to anarchist or anarcho-syndicalist theory and unlike many smaller, more local, but active components of the union federations. However, it took the general rail unions the thirty-five years spanned in this study to arrive at the degree of centralisation established by La Fraternidad in 1887. The story of this change involves consideration of the railway unions' place in relation to other unions; by the 1920s, it is clear that successful national unions in large-scale capitalist enterprises were adopting similar modes of organisation, though the only comparable group at the time was the Maritime Workers' Federation (FOM), another transport sector. Argentine railway unions had many structural similarities with their successful European counterparts. Since railwaymen formed a higher proportion of unionised workers in Argentina than in more diverse and developed capitalist economies, their influence in the general union movement was even greater than elsewhere.

This thesis presents the results of a 3 year field study on the behavioural ecology of the mara on the Valdés Peninsula in Argentina. The main goal was to investigate why the mara's social system incorporates both monogamy and communal denning, a combination unknown in other mammals. The research techniques used were behavioural observations and radio-tracking. Radio-tracking of 9 maras revealed that pairs were continually moving into new areas, suggesting that their ranging behaviour is adapted to an irregular pattern of resource distribution. Two maras had prevailing ranges of 35 ha and moved yearly over about 200 ha. Ranges floated around a geographic centre. One constraint on the animals' movements may be the need to stay near a den site for pupping. Maras were diurnal, and spent on average 46% of the day grazing. Ranges may overlap up to 33%, but range use between neighbouring pairs were negatively correlated suggesting that animals were avoiding each other--pairs may be occupying floating territories. Evidence that maras are monogamous in the wild is presented. The factors leading to monogamy are argued to be: (i) females are irregularly dispersed because of the distribution of food; and (ii) the brevity of the female's oestrus (1-2 hrs). A male attempting to mate polygynously would have difficulties in finding and securing a female; thus males may do best by staying with one female to ensure a successful mating. Males may enhance their reproductive success by watching for predators so that their females can spend more time feeding to meet the energetic demands of lactation and gestation. During the pupping season, August to January, groups of 1 to 22 pairs gather at single dens. Several dens may be located near each other to form denning communities. Most pairs produce only one litter a year and there is a peak of births in September and October. Pairs visit the den once a day for a period of 5-6 weeks to nurse their young. Den sites are not limited; and the reason maras den communally appears to be the increased protection from predators accruing to pups and adults in larger groups. Two possible routes are suggested in the evolution of the mara's social system: (i) from a monogamous starting point it has become advantageous to creche pups; or (ii) ancestral maras were more colonial and probably polygynous, but have been forced to space out because of changes in the distribution of food, which has led to monogamy. Finally, maras were compared with other caviomorph rodents, lagomorphs, and monogamous ruminants and were shown to be most similar to the latter in their adaptations to the environment a remarkable example of convergent evolution.

No description available.

Using Burris et al.’s model of law as a social determinant of health, this thesis postulates that the law and its application contribute to abortion-related morbidity and mortality among those women who qualify for a legal and safe abortion according to the justifications stipulated in the Criminal Code. This thesis proposes a circular model in order to show how the application of the law, through courts rulings, contributes to unsafe abortion. On the one hand, Argentine law acts as a pathway along which inequity in socioeconomic status exposes certain women to pathogenic practices, such as self-induced abortions. On the other hand, the law acts as a shaper of socioeconomic status as it perpetuates gender stereotypes, constructing a normative world where sex-role stereotypes are naturalized, and having an impact in women’s lack of access to legal and safe abortions.