In Russia and Argentina modernism arrived well before the advent of socioeconomic modernization, and found societies with restricted civil liberties, only nascent middle classes, and virtually non-existent public spheres. Despite these factors, within a span of some fifty years, Petersburg and Buenos Aires turned into vibrant literary capitals rivaling London, New York, and Paris as centers of literary modernism. This dissertation offers a new understanding of the period by exposing the critical role of publishers and cultural patrons in this extraordinary cultural advancement. I argue that they were able to reformulate their countries’ historically ambivalent positions vis-à-vis Western European civilization by working closely with avant-garde literary groups and viii promoting their literary works that combined sometimes contending, sometimes complementary cosmopolitanism and nationalism. My analysis of the interrelated processes of the development of print culture, national identity, and the literary public sphere in Russia and Argentina is informed by Benedict Anderson’s thinking about nationalism and print culture, Pierre Bourdieu’s treatment of publishers as key participants in cultural production, and the concept of the public sphere as seen by Jürgen Habermas. Close reading of select literary works of the 1920s shows that Russian and Argentine “peripheral” experiences, once transformed into artistic creation, became consonant with cultural practices of international modernism precisely because they combined both cosmopolitan and nationalist tendencies. Each of the writers considered—Jorge Luis Borges, Roberto Arlt, Veniamin Kaverin, and Konstantin Fedin—was able to formulate highly original and yet unmistakably national response to modernity. Following the writers’ trajectories from early literary experiments to the works of the late 1920s, when they renounced their youthful deviations and joined the literary (and sometimes even political) establishment, I show how these literary texts renegotiated the issues of national identity by reworking diverse and often “foreign” literary traditions into authentically Russian and Argentine prose. / text

This study analyzes one of the most active memories of state repression during democracy in Argentina: the memorial advertisements (recordatorios) of those disappeared by the most recent military dictatorship (1976-1983), which are published on a daily basis in the newspaper Página/12. In this thesis, I focus on the pictures of the victims of state repression that appear within the frame of these memorials as the expression of both cultural and personal memory. The leader of Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo, Estela de Carlotto, published the first recordatorio on the tenth anniversary of her daughter’s death, in August 1988. During that same year, 20 relatives of disappeared people went to the newspaper and followed Carlotto’s footsteps, publishing advertisements themselves. Currently, more than 20 years after the first advertisement was published, three to five recordatorios appear in the newspaper every day. The emergence of the recordatorios inaugurates a new discursive genre as contradictory as the disappearance itself. On the one hand, they are connected to the announcements related to the search for missing people (serving the goal of finding a person alive). On the other hand, the recordatorios also resemble obituaries (making a tribute to someone that has passed away). The recordatorio thus emerges as an impossible reality, following the logic of both genres, thus performing both functions in a paradoxical way. This study focuses on the family pictures that appear in the recordatorios and sheds light on how they illustrate the entanglement of the family and the public sphere, and contribute to the debate on the role of personal subjectivity in the construction of collective memory. From a multidisciplinary perspective, the present thesis aims to capture the complexity surrounding these texts and the familial imagery they include, looking at the inherent tension between the private tragedy of a family that has lost one of its members and the public character that stems from their publication in one of Argentina’s national newspapers. / text

This dissertation is available for free download through the University of Arizona library and the author's web site.Since Argentina's economic collapse of 2001, workers who occupied abandoned and bankrupt businesses and put them back into operation as cooperatives have attracted increasing attention on the part of academic researchers and other disaffected workers. This dissertation reviews the political economic contexts in which these "recovered businesses" were established, reviews the dynamics of social movements involved, and considers the Argentine recovered business phenomenon from three analytical perspectives: 1) Marxist poltical economy; 2) Neo-institutional analysis (drawing on the work of Ostrom); and 3) Sociospatial subjectivity (with particular reference to Butler, Lefebvre, and Bourdieu). The author, through these analyses, proposes a theory of the "industrial commons" and considers the potential for expansion and contraction of recovered business movements as their protagonists struggle to resist reterritorialization by forces associated with the state and the capitalist marketplace. Observations made by the author are supplemented by numerous quotations drawn from interviews conducted with Argentine recovered business workers in 2008.Key conclusions include the recognition that social and spatial changes have accompanied the expropriation of private workplaces and their conversion to cooperatives, that these changes may create contexts for the reproduction of cooperative values, and that the new political economic subjects produced through these processes may help to secure the long term viability and growth of not only recovered businesses, but a newly emerging "self-managed workers" movement, as well.

This dissertation investigates informal waste recycling practices in the modern urban centre of Buenos Aires, Argentina. My research sets a baseline for the living and working conditions of the approximately 9,000 informal recyclers (cartoneros) in the city, focusing on their health, socio-economic status, and access to social and material resources. The research methods included a survey (n = 397) and interviews (n = 30) with cartoneros, as well as key informant interviews and an analysis of newspaper articles addressing informal recycling in the city. My findings indicate that Buenos Aires’ cartoneros, while not the poorest of the poor, are of a relatively low socio-economic status. Their health outcomes and determinants of health are poor compared to others in the Greater Buenos Aires region, and these workers are often stigmatized and discriminated against because of their associations with waste. Cartoneros’ experiences of the city are characterized by a series of social, political, and physical exclusions, revealing a state of urban inequality in Buenos Aires. I argue that municipal agendas of neoliberal urban development are implicated in both the symbolic and physical marginalization of these workers. Cartoneros draw upon many resources in coping with the multiple vulnerabilities that they face (particularly social resources and assets derived from their labour). They also occasionally engage with urban processes of exclusion through collective action and rhetorical redefinitions of their role in society. These workers are therefore active agents in their own destinies, and potential actors for social change. The municipal government of Buenos Aires has recently implemented a formalization plan for some of the city’s cartoneros; the dissertation includes an assessment of these plans, as well as recommendations for other policy-based interventions to informal recycling practices.

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Natural flow regimes are critical for sustaining biodiversity and river integrity. Floods and droughts form an important component of river systems and control population sizes and species diversity across space and time. Modification of flow regimes, including disruption of the timing, magnitude and duration of flooding, is a global problem, and many new impoundments are planned for large river-floodplain ecosystems in the tropics. Flow modifications may cause dramatic non-linear responses in population sizes and have lasting effects through time, but such topics are poorly investigated over multi-year scales, especially in highly diverse tropical ecosystems. Using a long-term dataset from the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil, I tested for threshold and legacy effects of fish assemblages to flood attributes, such as timing, magnitude, duration, rate of change and variation. Specifically, I hypothesized that long duration, high magnitude floods would elicit threshold responses in long-distance migratory fish species and these responses result in significant legacy effects detectable over multiple years. Consistent positive threshold responses to increasing flood duration and magnitude were detected for many species and not significantly correlated with reproductive guilds. Legacy effects were prevalent (i.e. identified for more than 90% of species) and including flood attributes from previous years increased variance explained in species abundances by 15-20% compared to contemporary flood attributes alone. Contrary to my hypotheses, flood duration did not elicit strong legacy effects and species from the same reproductive guild did not have similar legacy effects models. The prevalence of legacy effects across almost all species in this diverse study system highlights the need to consider such dynamics in other systems. My results provide targets for management and conservation actions, such as environmental flow releases from upstream reservoirs. Environmental flows releases may play a significant role in sustainability of the floodplain and other tropical floodplain ecosystems affected by impoundments.

S’inscrivant dans la perspective des études féministes, ce travail se propose d’appréhender le positionnement de l’écrivaine contemporaine Luisa Valenzuela (1938) dans le champ littéraire argentin au regard de la problématique des rapports de genre en littérature. Avec une production romanesque qui s’étend des années soixante-dix à nos jours, la trajectoire de Luisa Valenzuela, qui a traversé l’ensemble des étapes de l’avènement à la consolidation du positionnement féministe dans le champ littéraire argentin et les a thématisées dans son œuvre, apparaît emblématique de la réaction des écrivaines de sa génération à l’ordre sexué du discours littéraire. Afin d’envisager les stratégies de positionnement de l’autrice en contexte, nous proposons une réhistoricisation des rapports de genre en matière de légitimité littéraire dans le champ argentin. Nous analysons les enjeux des discours qui soutiennent tant la structuration masculiniste du champ autour de l’exclusion des femmes que les stratégies subversives d’inclusion féministes qui ont permis aux écrivaines des années quatre-vingt de négocier une position d’énonciation légitime. Quelle politique d’exclusion/intégration mène l’institution littéraire vis-à-vis des femmes ? Quel rôle jouent les discours fictionnels et les métatextes critiques qui convoquent la « différence des sexes » dans la construction de l’autorité énonciative ? Comment les discours féministes se sont-ils emparés des rapports entre création et identités sexuées ? Quelles variations originales vis-à-vis de ces scénarios énonciatifs féministes propose Luisa Valenzuela dans son œuvre ? Autant de questions que la présente étude aborde à travers une analyse de la construction des positionnements masculinistes et féministes qui s’attache à identifier les acteurs, les enjeux et les stratégies qui caractérisent cette lutte au sein de laquelle la trajectoire de Valenzuela prend son sens. / This work being part of the tradition in feminist studies, grasps the position of Luisa Valenzuela woman writer, in the Argentinian field towards the issue of gender relations in literature. The writing of her novels stretches from the seventies to nowadays, the path of Valenzuela, who has gone through the entire institutionalization steps of feminist position and has brought them as theme in her work, appears symbolic of women writers of her generation towards the sexual order of literary discourse. Considering the strategies of the woman writer in context, we put forward a “rehistoricisation” of gender relations towards literary legitimacy. We analyse what is at stake in discourses that attend as much the structure of mannishistic of literary field on the exclusion of women as the subversive inclusion that allowed the nineteen nineties women writers to negotiate a position of justified statement. What is the role fictional discourses and critical metatexts play that call the differences of sexes in the building of enunciative authority? How the feminist discourses managed to get hold of the relations between creation and sexual identities? What original variations towards these enunciative feminist patterns does Valenzuela put forward in her work? This hereby study tackles these questions through an analysis of the structure of feminist and male chauvinism positioning that tends to identify the protagonists, the issues and the strategies that characterize this struggle where Valenzuela path gets sense.

Legal Regulation of International Arbitration Procedure in the Czech Republic and Argentina The purpose of my thesis is to describe the legal regulations of international arbitration in the Czech Republic and Argentina, find the differences between them and draw appropriate conclusions. The thesis begins with an introduction, where I outline the reasons why I chose this topic, the method used and the outcome that I plan to reach. Following the introduction, the thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter provides the reader with a general overview of basic concepts of arbitration. The chapter begins with an attempt to define what arbitration is by putting it in a historical context and then placing it within (or beyond) the scope of alternative dispute resolution. Next, the four main theoretical concepts, which are crucial for the understanding of arbitration, are outlined. The last part of the chapter contains the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration, which explain the popularity of (international) arbitration. The next chapter deals with the legal regulation of international arbitration in the Czech Republic. It opens with a brief description of development of arbitration throughout Czech history and then is divided into sub-chapters dealing with specific elements of...

72 Abstract This work analyzes the institutional evolution of Argentinian deposit insurance and how this evolution could be explained using the theoretical frameworks proposed by works both Acemoglu and Robinson and the works of Levitsky and Murillo. The study highlights how institutions develop over time within frameworks of political changes. In addition, the work highlights the theoretical gap in new institutional economics in relation to analyzing the development and evolution of institutions through time. In response to this theoretical gap this work proposes the use of new model to conceptualize how institutions interact at multiple levels of the institutional hierarchy and how independent institutional developments can be mapped within the institutional hierarchy as they develop through time. In the end it is the hope that the conceptualized model presented is the first step in developing a more practical and useful model for new institutional economics as it relates to economic development and the construction and implementation of development policies.

Magíster en Ciencias, Mención Geofísica / El trabajo presentado en esta tesis corresponde a una evaluación de la línea de equilibrio glaciar (ELA) y las condiciones climáticas existentes durante el Holoceno medio (HM, 6000 años A.P.) comparado con el periodo pre-industrial (PI, año 1750) en latitudes medias del Hemisferio Sur. El trabajo se concentra en la cordillera de los Andes en Patagonia y los Alpes del Sur en la Isla Sur de Nueva Zelandia. Para la evaluación de las condiciones climáticas se comparan los datos mensuales de temperatura y precipitación de las simulaciones del Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparision Project Phase II (PMIP2) y además se analiza el índice del Modo Anular del Sur (SAM) con los datos mensuales de presión al nivel del mar de los mismos modelos. En cuanto a la línea de equilibrio glaciar, esta se determinó a través de la aplicación de un modelo de balance de masa con los datos diarios de los mismos modelos PMIP2 analizados. De este modelo se obtuvo la ELA para ambos periodos. Durante el HM, las condiciones climáticas son significativamente (p≤0.05) más frías en los meses de Diciembre, Enero y Febrero (DJF), Marzo, Abril y Mayo (MAM) y Junio, Julio y Agosto (JJA) y significativamente más cálidas en los meses de Septiembre, Octubre y Noviembre (SON). Estos cambios tienen relación con los cambios en la insolación entre ambos periodos. Las precipitaciones no muestran cambios significativos (p≤0.05). A pesar de ello, se observa un patrón temporal en casi todas las regiones analizadas, con menores precipitaciones en los meses de Mayo a Septiembre y mayores precipitaciones en los meses de Octubre a Abril durante el HM. En cuanto a SAM durante el HM, los meses de DJF, MAM y JJA muestran una predominancia de los eventos negativos, asociados a menores temperaturas en latitudes medias. En SON predominan los eventos SAM positivos asociados a mayores temperaturas. La relación SAM con precipitación y vientos del oeste presenta algunas diferencias espaciales. Primero latitudinalmente existe un cambio en el signo de la relación entre SAM y los vientos del oeste (y por ende la precipitación) que varía de acuerdo a los modelos PMIP2 y la estación analizada y segundo existe una respuesta opuesta en la precipitación entre la vertiente oriental y occidental tanto de los Andes como de los Alpes del Sur y que los modelos PMIP2 por su resolución no son capaces de mostrar. Las condiciones de equilibrio glaciar en respuesta a las diferencias de las condiciones climáticas se traducen en una ELA más baja de 15 a 33 [m] durante el HM respecto al PI, en ambas regiones analizadas. Esta valor representa una escasa diferencia, sin embargo puede significar cambios de área importantes dependiendo de la hipsometría glaciar y considerando que el valor corresponde a una ELA climatológica. La principal causa de esta diferencia corresponde a las diferencias significativas en la temperatura y a que los glaciares de latitudes medias son mayormente sensibles a la temperatura por sobre la precipitación La diferencia de ELA entre ambos periodos indicaría que los glaciares en latitudes medias no alcanzaron su máxima extensión durante el PI o que al menos la fluctuación del HM y la PI se encuentran dentro del mismo rango de longitudes. Finalmente la utilización de este modelo de balance de masa glaciar forzado por varios modelos globales del PMIP2, permite tener una visión general de las condiciones de los glaciares en respuesta a las condiciones climáticas de ambos periodos, a pesar de existir ciertas incertezas asociadas a las parametrizaciones del mismo modelo y la resolución gruesa de los modelos PMIP2.