Por meio de tradicionais e novos conceitos da Geopolítica, são analisadas as especiais circunstâncias que cercaram as relações entre a Argentina e os principais países do mundo desenvolvido, os EUA e parte da Europa, durante a Guerra das Malvinas, para, a partir desse mesmo ferramental conceitual, verificar como esse episódio teve seu impacto nas relações de Brasil e Argentina na América do Sul. Os principais acontecimentos políticos, táticos e logísticos desse conflito são descritos para auxiliar nessa análise feita. A partir desse ponto de inflexão na história sul-americana, utiliza-se o conceito de Medidas de Confiança Mútua (MCM) para se verificar como as Marinhas de Brasil e Argentina intensificaram suas relações dentro do novo marco geopolítico acordado entre os dois países. São descritos os sucessos dessa política de aproximação em cinco fases históricas distintas, didaticamente elaboradas: duas anteriores à própria Guerra das Malvinas, e três posteriores. Destacam-se, neste estudo, justamente, as três últimas fases. Ou seja, a terceira fase, após a Guerra das Malvinas, onde são descritos, dentre outros aspectos, os encontros estratégicos organizados pelo EMFA (Brasil) e pelo EMCFA (Argentina) no final da década de 80 do século passado; a quarta fase, ao longo da década de 90, por ter sido o período em que as principais MCM de sucesso ocorreram; e a quinta fase, já na virada do milênio, onde são discutidos os limites atuais das MCM que vêm sendo adotadas e as possíveis perspectivas futuras. A primeira e a segunda fases situam-se ainda nos períodos iniciais e intermediários da Guerra Fria, mas, por já existirem ali algumas MCM embrionárias entre as Marinhas de Brasil e Argentina, importantes para desdobramentos futuros, estas fases têm também discutidas as suas importâncias históricas. Enfatiza-se que, na primeira fase, os principais episódios ocorreram sob grande influência dos EUA, enquanto, na segunda fase, já se constatava uma ligeira autonomia regional nas medidas adotadas. / There are analyzede, by means of traditional and new concepts of geopolitics, the special circumstances that surrounded the relations between Argentina and the main developed countries, the United States and part of Europe, during the Malvinas War, in order to, based on such conceptual tool, exam, how such episode impacted the Brazil-Argentina relations on South America. The main political, tactic and logistic events are described to help with the analysis. As of this turning point in the South-American history, it is used the concept of Mutual Confidence Measures (MCM) to verify how the Brazilian and Argentinean Navies intensified their relations in the new giopolitics milestone agreed upon between both countries. There are described the successful events in such approaching policy and politics in five different phases, didactically worked out: two prior to the Malvinas War and three afterwards. This study high lights precisely the three last phases, i.e., the phases after the Malvinas War. In the third phase, there are described, among other aspects, the strategic meetings organized by the EMFA (Brazil) and the EMCFA (Argentina) at the end of the 1980s; in the forth phase, are highly emphasized the 1990s since this is the period during which most of the MCM succeeded; and, in the fifth phase, already at the turning of the millennium, the current limits of the MCM, that are being adopted, are discussed, as well as the possible perspectives for the future. The first and second phases are the ones still during the beginning and intermediate periods of the Cold War. These phases are also discussed because they already presented some embryonic MCM policies between the Brazilian and Argentinean Navies, important for the way the events unfolded later on. In the first phase, there are stressed the main episodes that took place under the influence of the US, while, in the second, one can already notice a slight regional autonomy in the measures adopted.

Le territoire intermédiaire qui relie Buenos Aires et Rosario le long du Paraná, de la route nationale 9 et de la ligne ferroviaire Mitre est un espace métropolisé qui s’est formé à la fin du XIXème siècle, avec l’installation des premiers ports, gares et industries du pays. Depuis les années 1950, du fait de la croissance démographique accélérée de ces deux métropoles et du changement de régime économique national, ce territoire a suscité de manière épisodique l'intérêt des institutions de planification et des géographes.Les premières ont encouragé la création de « l’axe fluvio-industriel », support d’une politique d'industrialisation avec l’établissement d'industries lourdes et de grandes infrastructures sur les rives du Paraná. Les seconds l’ont analysé comme « front » ou « littoral », ou sous le concept de mégalopolis. Ces figures sont des écueils à la bonne compréhension du territoire intermédiaire et à une analyse fine des dynamiques métropolitaines car elles le placent dans une logique de centralisation héritée d'un système de planification binaire qui ne distingue rien d’autre que l’urbain et le rural. Par conséquent, ce territoire est vu aujourd’hui comme purement fonctionnel ou est mythifié, ce qui empêche la lecture des logiques spatiales et des défis territoriaux dans cet espace complexe.Cette thèse analyse les dynamiques métropolitaines hybrides qui le façonnent comme corridor métropolitain et met en lumière le rôle des acteurs privés, opérant à l’échelle locale et globale, dans ces processus. Puis, à partir de l’identification des principales tensions fonctionnelles et territoriales qui le traversent, elle présente des pistes pour son développement cohérent qui redonne un rôle central au train, associe les municipalités et la société civile et intègre le fleuve Paraná. / The territory that connects Buenos Aires and Rosario along the Paraná River, the National Road 9 and the Mitre Railroad, is a metropolized space that has emerged in the late nineteenth century, with the implementation of the first ports, train stations and industries of the country. Since the 1950s, along with the rapid population growth in these two metropolis and a change in the national economic plan, the territory has occasionally attracted the interest of planning institutions and geographers.The former have considered the creation of the "fluvial industrial axis" as support of an industrialization policy with the establishment of heavy industries and major infrastructure on the banks of the Paraná River. The latter have analyzed it as "front" or "coast" or under the concept of megalopolis. These figures are pitfalls to the understanding of the intermediate territory and to a detailed analysis of the metropolitan dynamics, as they put it in a logic of centralization inherited from a planning system that only distinguishes between urban and rural. Therefore, this area is now seen as purely functional or mythologized, which prevents the understanding of spatial dynamics and territorial challenges in this complex space.This thesis aims to analyze the hybrid metropolitan processes that shape this territory into a metropolitan corridor and to identify the industrial and port activities and their stakeholders, which are the driving forces in the corridor. Then it presents the main functional and territorial tensions and suggest ways to a territorial development that, gives an active role to municipalities and civil society as well as to the train and integrates the Paraná River. / El territorio que une Buenos Aires y Rosario a lo largo del río Paraná, de la ruta nacional 9 y del ferrocarril Mitre es un espacio metropolizado que se conforma a fines del siglo XIX, cuando se implementan los primeros puertos e industrias del país a raíz de la apertura del río y del desarrollo de la red ferroviaria. Desde los años 1950, como consecuencia del crecimiento demográfico acelerado de las dos metrópolis y de un cambio de régimen económico nacional, el territorio despierta episódicamente el interés de las instituciones de planificación y de los geógrafos.Las primeras han fomentado la creación del eje fluvial industrial con la radicación de industrias pesadas y la construcción de grandes infraestructuras a orillas del río Paraná. Los segundos lo han analizado como frente y litoral o bajo el concepto de megalópolis. Estas figuras hacen difícil un análisis fino de las dinámicas metropolitanas ya que lo ponen en una lógica centralizadora heredada de un sistema de planificación que distingue de manera binaria entre lo urbano y lo rural. En consecuencia, este territorio está visto hoy como meramente funcional o mitificado, lo que impide la comprensión de las lógicas espaciales y de los desafíos territoriales en este espacio complejo.Esta tesis pretende analizar las dinámicas metropolitanas híbridas que lo moldean en un corredor metropolitano y poner de manifiesto el papel de los actores privados –los más importantes actuando a una escala global– en estos procesos. Luego, a raíz de la identificación de las principales tensiones funcionales y territoriales que lo atraviesan, propone pistas para su desarrollo territorial coherente que vuelva a dar un papel central al transporte público por tren, que se base en la acción común de los municipios y de la sociedad civil y que se estructure alrededor del río Paraná.

Por meio de tradicionais e novos conceitos da Geopolítica, são analisadas as especiais circunstâncias que cercaram as relações entre a Argentina e os principais países do mundo desenvolvido, os EUA e parte da Europa, durante a Guerra das Malvinas, para, a partir desse mesmo ferramental conceitual, verificar como esse episódio teve seu impacto nas relações de Brasil e Argentina na América do Sul. Os principais acontecimentos políticos, táticos e logísticos desse conflito são descritos para auxiliar nessa análise feita. A partir desse ponto de inflexão na história sul-americana, utiliza-se o conceito de Medidas de Confiança Mútua (MCM) para se verificar como as Marinhas de Brasil e Argentina intensificaram suas relações dentro do novo marco geopolítico acordado entre os dois países. São descritos os sucessos dessa política de aproximação em cinco fases históricas distintas, didaticamente elaboradas: duas anteriores à própria Guerra das Malvinas, e três posteriores. Destacam-se, neste estudo, justamente, as três últimas fases. Ou seja, a terceira fase, após a Guerra das Malvinas, onde são descritos, dentre outros aspectos, os encontros estratégicos organizados pelo EMFA (Brasil) e pelo EMCFA (Argentina) no final da década de 80 do século passado; a quarta fase, ao longo da década de 90, por ter sido o período em que as principais MCM de sucesso ocorreram; e a quinta fase, já na virada do milênio, onde são discutidos os limites atuais das MCM que vêm sendo adotadas e as possíveis perspectivas futuras. A primeira e a segunda fases situam-se ainda nos períodos iniciais e intermediários da Guerra Fria, mas, por já existirem ali algumas MCM embrionárias entre as Marinhas de Brasil e Argentina, importantes para desdobramentos futuros, estas fases têm também discutidas as suas importâncias históricas. Enfatiza-se que, na primeira fase, os principais episódios ocorreram sob grande influência dos EUA, enquanto, na segunda fase, já se constatava uma ligeira autonomia regional nas medidas adotadas. / There are analyzede, by means of traditional and new concepts of geopolitics, the special circumstances that surrounded the relations between Argentina and the main developed countries, the United States and part of Europe, during the Malvinas War, in order to, based on such conceptual tool, exam, how such episode impacted the Brazil-Argentina relations on South America. The main political, tactic and logistic events are described to help with the analysis. As of this turning point in the South-American history, it is used the concept of Mutual Confidence Measures (MCM) to verify how the Brazilian and Argentinean Navies intensified their relations in the new giopolitics milestone agreed upon between both countries. There are described the successful events in such approaching policy and politics in five different phases, didactically worked out: two prior to the Malvinas War and three afterwards. This study high lights precisely the three last phases, i.e., the phases after the Malvinas War. In the third phase, there are described, among other aspects, the strategic meetings organized by the EMFA (Brazil) and the EMCFA (Argentina) at the end of the 1980s; in the forth phase, are highly emphasized the 1990s since this is the period during which most of the MCM succeeded; and, in the fifth phase, already at the turning of the millennium, the current limits of the MCM, that are being adopted, are discussed, as well as the possible perspectives for the future. The first and second phases are the ones still during the beginning and intermediate periods of the Cold War. These phases are also discussed because they already presented some embryonic MCM policies between the Brazilian and Argentinean Navies, important for the way the events unfolded later on. In the first phase, there are stressed the main episodes that took place under the influence of the US, while, in the second, one can already notice a slight regional autonomy in the measures adopted.

Orientador: José Alves de Freitas Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T20:23:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_Priscila_M.pdf: 27248639 bytes, checksum: 801076349c108b5c8a789f5258de65f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa as representações do gaucho nos quadrinhos de Inodoro Pereyra, personagem criada pelo humorista argentino Roberto Fontanarrosa na década de 70 do século XX. Nascido como uma paródia da literatura gauchesca, do radioteatro e do folclore argentino, a trajetória do renegau retoma a metáfora sarmientina civilização e barbárie, que atravessa não só a história deste país, mas se inscreve na tradição política de toda a América Latina. Neste sentido, através dos quadrinhos deste gaucho é possível rediscutir importantes questões que marcaram a história da República Argentina, tais como as oposições entre pampa e litoral, unitários e federais, nacionalismo e cosmopolitismo, e que compõem a imagem de uma nação dividida. Além disso, a epopéia vivida pela personagem permite que redimensionemos o tema "as duas Argentinas", tendo em vista que este quadrinho está transpassado por imagens relacionadas ao imaginário social desta nação / Abstract: This research analyzes the representations of the gaucho in the comics of Inodoro Pereyra, a character created by the Argentine comedian Roberto Fontanarrosa, in the 70s of the twentieth century. Born as a parody of Gauchesca literature, of radiotheater and of Argentine folklore, the renegau's trajectory retakes the sarmientina metaphor of civilization and barbarism, which crosses not only the History of this country, but also inscribes itself in all Latin America's political tradition. In this sense, through the comic of this gaucho, it is possible to rediscuss important issues that have marked the history of the Argentine Republic such as the oppositions between pampa and coast, unitary and federal, nationalism and cosmopolitanism, which composes the image of a divided nation. Moreover, the epopee experienced by the character allows us to resize the theme "two Argentinas". Considering that, this comic is transfixed by images related to the social imagination of this nation / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestre em História

Orientador: Eliezer Rizzo de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T00:45:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antunes_PriscilaCarlosBrandao_D.pdf: 26356082 bytes, checksum: c01a75fdefd83ce61dece0abae7a04c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa as recentes reformas nos serviços de inteligência civil brasileiro, argentino e chileno, no contexto das relações civis militares. Três diferentes problemas analíticos estruturam a pesquisa: A) o desafio institucional da construção de sistemas que sejam eficientes, eficazes e consistentes com as demandas de segurança e defesa nestes países. Como os serviços de inteligência civis têm sido institucionalmente desenhados a partir dos processos de transição e consolidação democrática? B) O desafio institucional de construção de sistemas de inteligência responsáveis, responsivos e consistentes com as demandas de controle público democrático? Porque os recentes mecanismos de supervisão congressual e accountability têm desempenho diferenciado nos diversos países em termos de sua capacidade de controle sobre as atividadesde inteligência? C) Odesafio profissional da construção de sistemas de inteligência flexíveis, capacitados e analiticamente relevantes. Quais são os mecanismos institucionais mais importantes utilizados em cada país para avaliar o desempenho analítico dos serviços de inteligência? Os objetivos gerais desta pesquisa são produzir conhecimentos sobre o funcionamento e o papel dos sistemas de inteligência durante processos de consolidação democrática e aumentar o grau de expertise civil e reconhecimento público sobre a importância e os dilemas envolvidos na atuação dos serviços de inteligência / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the recent refonns of the Brazilian, Argentinean and Chilean civic intelligence services in the context of the South American civic-military relationship issues. The research is based on three different problems: A) The institutional challenge of building effective, efficient and consistent intelligence systems in order to fulfill the demands for security and defense of those countries. How have Latin American civic intelligence services been institutionally planned in the transition and consolidation periods? B) The institutional challenge of designing responsive, consistent and responsible intelligence systems to do what is required by the public democratic controI. Why have the modern means of supervising congress tasks had distinct perfonnances in the control of intelligence activities considering accountability in those countries? C) The professional challenge of structuring flexible, qualified and analytically relevant intelligence systems. How do those countries deal with the professionalization issues related to intelligence systems analysis? What are the most important institutional devices used to evaluate the analytic perfonnance of intelligence services by the national government in each of those countries? The general objectives of the research are to produce knowledge about the role and operations of intelligence systems during processes of democratic consolidation and to increase civil expertise and public awareness about the importance and the dilemmas involved in the perfonnance of intelligence services / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

O objetivo desta tese é analisar Operación masacre de Rodolfo Walsh à luz da reflexão sobre as relações entre literatura e testemunho. O trabalho tem como hipótese que Operación masacre pode ser lida como um romance de testemunho não só porque em suas páginas denuncia a prática da violência de Estado mas, sobretudo, porque essa violência gera o imperativo ético de escrever e a procura de uma forma narrativa. / The purpose of this thesis is to analise Operación masacre written by Rodolfo Walsh under the lights of reflection about the relations between literature and testimony. The work has as hypothesis that Operación masacre can be read as a testimony novel not only because in its pages denounces the State´s violence, but above all, because this violence generates the ethical imperative of writing and the search for a narrative form.

Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T21:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tvardovskas_LuanaSaturnino_D.pdf: 48560551 bytes, checksum: 319fe4c4f559ca8407db46edd5d574eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta tese aborda a poética visual de artistas brasileiras e argentinas, cujas obras de arte empreendem um discurso critico a violência material e simbólica de gênero, por meio de imagens do corpo. São focalizadas, a partir de uma perspectiva feminista, as artistas contemporâneas brasileiras Ana Miguel, Rosana Paulino e Cristina Salgado, e também as argentinas Silvia Gai, Claudia Contreras e Nicola Costantino que se utiliza de transfigurações, dramatizações e manipulações sobre imagens corporais como manobras transgressivas e de resistência. O trabalho será norteado teórica e metodologicamente pelos estudos feministas e pelo "pensamento da diferença", sobretudo por Michel Foucault e Gilles Deleuze / Abstract: This research approaches the visual poetics of Brazilian and Argentinian artists whose artworks undertake a critical discourse of violence of gender (material and symbolic) through images of the body. From a feminist perspective, we focus on the Brazilian contemporary artists Ana Miguel, Rosana Paulino and Cristina Salgado and also the Argentinian Silvia Gai, Claudia Contreras and Nicola Costantino. Their work deals with transfigurations, dramatizations and manipulations on body's images as transgressive maneuvers of resistance. The methodology of this work will be guided by the Feminist studies and by the Difference theory, especially by Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze / Doutorado / Historia Cultural / Doutora em História

Le cinéma de l'Argentine, le Chili et la Colombie entre 1990 et 2005 a dû faire face à divers changements liés aux modèles politique, économique et culturel. En particulier, les lois relatives à la production du cinéma ont changées dans les années ci-dessous, ce qui a permet de configurer un cinéma hétérogène par rapport aux thèmes et moyens de raconter. Dans cette thèse, nous nous proposons d’étudier un phénomène particulier situé temporellement dans un moment de transition et envisagé à travers un corpus clairement sélectionné. Le dit phénomène se présente à travers la relation que le cinéma entretient avec la réalité, relation qui, à cette époque, se caractérise par une grande ambigüité. Il s’agit principalement d’un élargissement des frontières de classifications des productions en vertu de sa relation avec la réalité qui, traditionnellement fut séparée en deux grands groupes définis comme fiction et non fiction. Pour cette raison, nous avons développés un cadre théorique autour du réalisme comme une catégorie d'analyse du corpus. Aussi, nous avons fait une analyse basée sur les approches des Études Culturelles d'Amérique Latine, l’Analyse Critique du Discours et l'Analyse de Cinéma. Notre travail a été de systématiser et de mettre en relation les processus qui ont permis la consolidation du cinéma contemporain d'Amérique Latine. Également, nous avons confirmés le besoin de contextualiser et de nourrir l'analyse de film avec la connaissance de l'histoire sociale, politique et économique comme une condition pour 'interpréter et analyser le récit de l'Amérique Latine. / Argentine, Chilean and Colombian Cinema of the period between1990-2005 had to face several changes related to political, economic and cultural models. In particular, laws related to film production changed over the years, allowing the configuration of a heterogeneous cinematography regarding its topics and ways of narrating. The main problem of this research is studying the relationship between cinema and reality and how the strategies of construction of fiction and nonfiction narratives are put into tension during the period above mentioned. For this reason, we developed a theoretical framework around the realism as a category to get an approach to the corpus. Additionally, we carried out an analysis of our corpus based on the Latin American Cultural Studies, Critical Discourse Analysis and Film Analysis approaches. We systematized and correlated the processes that have allowed contemporary Latin American films to consolidate as a reference. In this project, we have been able to confirm the need to contextualize and nourish film analysis using knowledge of the social, political and economic history as a condition to interpret and study Latin American Narratives.

Le projet littéraire d’Hernán Ronsino (Chivilcoy, Argentine, 1975) présente actuellement une charnière spatiale et temporelle qui, sans laisser de côté sa poétique sur la langue, s’apprête à retrouver un nouvel élan. Cet auteur a commencé à publier dans les années 2000, moment où des nouvelles maisons d’édition ont ouvert leurs portes aux jeunes écrivains, peu connus. Dans ce contexte de renouveau, les questionnements sur la langue littéraire se sont multipliés. Le travail de Ronsino propose depuis cette époque une réflexion sur la langue et sur la condition linguistique des êtres humains. Il intègre dans la diégèse cet état d’esprit expérimental vis-à-vis de la langue littéraire. Lorsque le champ littéraire questionnait sa langue, cet écrivain a bâti son projet à partir de la poétisation de ces réflexions. Son rapport à la langue est pour nous l’aspect le plus important de sa poétique.L’étude que nous proposons dans cette thèse cherche à déterminer les piliers de son projet, ainsi qu’à formuler, à travers ses mots lorsqu’il s’exprime dans des entretiens à propos de son écriture, des catégories qui permettent d’analyser son travail créatif. Cette perspective méthodologique constitue, à notre sens, un point de départ conséquent dans notre démarche de croisement du texte fictionnel et de la parole de l’écrivain. Pour développer ces propos, nous présentons une thèse à deux parties.Dans la première partie, divisée en trois chapitres, nous menons une étude intégrale de la stylistique de ses quatre premiers livres. Nous analysons la manière dont Ronsino travaille la temporalité d’un point de vue transtextuel, s’appuyant sur la figure de la répétition. Les liens établis avec d’autres textes deviennent une caisse de résonance construisant une image du régime d’historicité. À cet égard, la répétition sert à élaborer une organisation temporelle à l’intérieur de son projet, ainsi qu’à insérer dans son propre discours la formulation d’autres écrivains. Ronsino cherche surtout à faire de la phrase la face visible d’une « poétique de l’accent ». En effet, nous trouvons au sein de son projet le désir d’écrire l’oralité de son village natal.Dans la deuxième partie nous abordons deux notions dérivées de la poétique de l’accent: l’espace et le corps. La matérialité du livre est au centre d’un intérêt pour une écriture historiquement dense. Cette matérialité participe à la poétisation de l’espace réel et met en avant une approche de la littérature en tant qu’art graphique. Dans ces circonstances, le corps joue un rôle déterminant à l’heure de penser l’écriture dans la dimension gestuelle et corporelle. Il s’agit, après tout, d’une pratique qui engage pleinement le corps. Ainsi, la littérature peut entraîner une pensée du corps qui permet une approche biopoétique des textes. / Hernán Ronsino's literary project (Chivilcoy, Argentina, 1975) presents a spatial and temporal hinge that, without leaving aside its poetics on the language, is about to regain a new momentum. This author began publishing in the 2000s, when new publishing houses opened their doors to young lesser-known writers. In this context of renewal, questions about the literary language have multiplied. Since then, Ronsino's work has been a reflection on language and the linguistic condition of human beings. In his diegesis, he integrates this experimental state of mind vis-à-vis the literary language. When the literary field questioned his language, this writer built his project from the poetization of these reflections. His relation to language is for us the most important aspect of his poetics.The study that we propose in this thesis seeks to determine the pillars of his project, as well as to formulate, through his words when he expresses himself in interviews about his writing, categories that make it possible to analyze his creative work. This methodological perspective is, in our opinion, a starting point in our approach to cross the fictional text and the writer's words. To develop these words, we present a two-part thesis.In the first part, divided into three chapters, we conduct an integral study of the stylistics of his first four books. We analyze the way in which Ronsino works temporality from a transtextual point of view, based on the figure of repetition. Links established with other texts become a box of resonance building an image of the regime of historicity. In this respect, repetition serves to elaborate a temporal organization within one's project, as well as to insert in one's speech the formulation of other writers. Ronsino seeks, above all, to make the sentence the visible face of a "poetics of the accent". Indeed, in his project we find the desire to write the orality of his native village.In the second part, we address two notions derived from the poetics of the accent: space and the body. The materiality of the book is at the center of an interest in historically dense writing. This materiality contributes to the poetization of real space and puts forward an approach to literature as a graphic art. In these circumstances, the body plays a decisive role when it comes to thinking about writing in the gestural and corporal dimension. It is, after all, a practice that fully engages the body. Thus, literature can lead to a body thinking that allows a biopoetique approach to texts.

Latin American classical vocal repertoire is vast, but in the United States, we only hear a fairly limited part of this literature. Much of this repertoire blends western European classical music traditions and native folk music traditions. One example of such a Latin American vocal work that is well-known in the United States is Alberto Ginastera's frequently performed song set from 1943, Cinco canciones populares argentinas. However, another lesser-known, earlier work, Cinco canciones argentinas (1923), by fellow Argentine composer Pascual De Rogatis (1880-1980) deserves attention as well. As with Ginastera's set, De Rogatis' songs are based on Argentine folk genres, but contain stylistic features of European classical music of its time. De Rogatis' neglected songs are a significant, overlooked part of Argentine classical music history, and a full understanding of well-known works such as Ginastera's song set and of the genre as a whole, must include attention to De Rogatis' Cinco canciones argentinas. Beyond vocal repertoire, De Rogatis' songs are an important part of the development of Argentine classical music. While Western musical trends change rapidly, folk music remains largely unchanged. Both De Rogatis and Ginastera were proud of their Argentine heritage, and incorporated traditional music into their compositions. I believe that De Rogatis's composition had a direct influence on Ginastera, and that the similarities between the two sets are not coincidental.